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India’s Journey Towards Net Zero Emissions

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Pushpank Kaushik talks about India’s endeavours in laying the foundation for a sustainable future through ambitious renewable energy initiatives.

At the 26th session of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP 26) in November 2021, India committed to achieving net zero emissions by 2070, aligning with the Paris Agreement’s goals under Article 4, Paragraph 19. This ambitious target reflects India’s dedication to a low-carbon development strategy, grounded in principles of equity, climate justice, and common but differentiated responsibilities. India has already surpassed its renewable energy target, achieving over 40 per cent non-fossil installed capacity nine years ahead of schedule. With plans to further reduce emissions intensity by 24 per cent below 2005 levels, the country aims to decouple economic growth from carbon emissions.

Sectors like manufacturing, especially cement, steel and chemicals, remain significant emission contributors. To decarbonise these industries, India is focusing on the circular economy, energy efficiency, electrification of heat and adoption of low-carbon fuels and technologies. By 2030, the country’s renewable energy advancements, excluding large hydro, are expected to reduce CO2 emissions by approximately 877 million tonnes.

By withdrawing inefficient thermal units—241 have already been closed—and switching to supercritical units for additional capacity, India is also concentrating on clean coal technologies. Efforts include encouraging electric vehicles and moving from BS IV to BS VI requirements for cleaner transportation. By 2030, the Ministry of Railways hopes to reduce its CO2 emissions by 60 million tonnes, making it a net zero carbon emitter.

Additionally, it is anticipated that the UJALA programme, the biggest LED endeavour in the world, will save 40 million tonnes of CO2 yearly.

Potential challenges
India’s commitment to a net zero target by 2070 faces significant challenges, according to the World Economic Forum (WEF). The nation is the third-largest emitter of greenhouse gasses after China and the US, and has the potential to meet this goal; they emphasise the need for more concrete sectoral targets, trajectories, and short-term milestones. The urgency for this initiative is underscored by India’s status as home to some of the world’s most polluted cities, contributing to high pollution-related mortality rates. Additionally, funding remains a critical issue as achieving the 2070 target requires an investment of $10.1 trillion; if the goal is accelerated to 2050, this figure increases to $13.5 trillion.

India’s progress toward net zero
Over the past nine years, India has made significant strides in its fight against climate change.

These include:

  • Exceeding renewable targets: Surpassed the 40 per cent renewable energy commitment ahead of the 2030 Paris

Agreement target.

  • National hydrogen mission: Launched to promote cost-effective green hydrogen production.
  • NITI Aayog’s framework: Established a comprehensive policy framework for achieving a net zero economy by 2070, focusing on transition plans, identifying challenges and proposing strategic climate policies.

Moreover, several industries as well have taken initiatives to achieve this goal:

Cement industry: According to the report by CEEW, as the second-largest cement producer globally, it is expected that cement demand will be boosted by India’s focus on infrastructure development. The lead in implementing energy-efficient measures and setting ambitious net zero targets is also being taken by the cement industry, with significant aid provided by the successful execution of the Perform, Achieve and Trade (PAT) scheme, which fosters the adoption of energy-efficient technologies.
Shipping industry: The Harit Sagar Green Port Guidelines and Harit Nauka Green Transition Guidelines are global initiatives that promote the use of green energy, sustainable port operations, and cleaner shipping practices. India plans to achieve net zero carbon emissions by 2070, with significant steps to decarbonise the maritime industry in accordance with the Maritime India Vision 2030. This includes investments in green port infrastructure, clean harbour boats, zero carbon fuels, emissions reduction measures, and the electrification of inland waters.
Power sector: In the 2024 budget, the government allocated 50 per cent more funds to power sector initiatives, focusing on green hydrogen, solar energy, and green energy corridors to meet its renewable energy target for 2030. To address the coal demand-supply mismatch, the Ministry of Power plans to replace coal with renewable energy generation in 81 thermal units by 2026. The Central Electricity Authority (CEA) projects that India’s power requirement will rise to 817 GW by 2030, with renewable energy’s share expected to increase from 18 per cent to 44 per cent, while thermal energy’s share is anticipated to decrease from 78 per cent to 52 per cent.
Chemical sector: With 100 per cent FDI allowed under the automated route in the chemicals sector, global investments bring modern technologies and environmentally friendly industrial practices. The centre is also establishing a Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme to improve cost competitiveness in the sector, which indicates a strong commitment to environmentally responsible practices and contributes to the overarching objective of net zero emissions.

India’s transformation to a green economy is more than simply an ambitious goal; it is a well planned journey backed by clear policies and investments. India is establishing the groundwork for a sustainable future by pushing renewable energy programmes including green hydrogen, ethanol blending, and electric vehicles, as well as the PLI plan for solar PV installations. The difficulty is to balance the energy demands of a rising economy with the transition to a low-carbon energy mix, but with integrated planning and the implementation of new technologies, the route to net zero emissions by 2070 is becoming clearer. This comprehensive approach ensures that everyone has access to inexpensive, reliable energy, even after the net zero targets are met.

About the author: Pushpank Kaushik, CEO & Head of Business Development, Jassper Shipping, is a driven and enthusiastic CEO. His remarkable managerial skills and insights gained during his education from SP Jain School of Global Management has helped him to lead the company towards success.

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Cement Makers Reaffirm Commitment to Sustainable Growth

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World Environment Day spotlight on innovation and circularity

On World Environment Day, the Indian cement industry reiterated its commitment to supporting India’s climate ambitions through sustainable manufacturing, resource efficiency and the adoption of cleaner technologies.

The Cement Manufacturers’ Association (CMA) said the sector remains aligned with the Government of India’s Net Zero commitments and is accelerating efforts to reduce its environmental footprint while supporting the country’s infrastructure and development agenda.

Parth Jindal, President, CMA and Managing Director, JSW Cement, said the industry is increasingly adopting cleaner technologies, improving energy efficiency and expanding the use of alternative fuels and raw materials. He also highlighted the growing importance of circular economy practices, where industrial by-products and waste streams from one sector are utilised as resources in another.

“The Indian Cement Industry is aligned to the Government’s commitments on carbon mitigation and is accelerating the adoption of cleaner technologies, resource efficiency and circular economy practices while actively exploring the potential of Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS) as a critical pathway for deep decarbonisation,” said Jindal.

He added that coprocessing industrial waste and by-products helps conserve natural resources, reduce disposal requirements and lower the environmental footprint across multiple sectors.

According to Jindal, sustainability is no longer limited to manufacturing processes but is increasingly influencing investment decisions, innovation strategies and long-term growth plans within the industry.

Echoing similar views, Dr Raghavpat Singhania, Vice President, CMA and Managing Director, JK Cement, said sustainable development extends beyond emissions reduction and must also focus on responsible resource utilisation and waste minimisation.

“Sustainability in the built environment cannot be measured by emissions alone. It is equally about how efficiently we use resources, how effectively we minimise waste and how responsibly we create the infrastructure that will serve future generations,” said Singhania.

He noted that the cement industry is advancing its sustainability agenda through greater resource efficiency, increased circularity, technological innovation and continuous improvements in manufacturing practices. As a key contributor to India’s infrastructure development, the sector has a critical role to play in balancing economic growth with environmental responsibility.

On the occasion of World Environment Day, industry leaders reaffirmed their commitment to supporting India’s climate goals while delivering the materials required for resilient, durable and sustainable infrastructure.

 

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Building a Greener Future Together

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Environmental sustainability requires immediate action, not just long-term commitments and discussions. Recycling, circular economy practices, and technology-driven waste management can help industries reduce environmental impact while supporting sustainable growth.

Author: Jignesh Kundaria, Director and CEO, Fornnax Technology

World Environment Day serves as an important reminder that environmental sustainability can no longer remain confined to discussions, reports, or long-term commitments. The environmental challenges facing the world today demand immediate, measurable, and collective action. Across industries and communities, waste generation continues to outpace our ability to process it responsibly, placing increasing pressure on ecosystems, natural resources, public health, and the well-being of future generations.

One of the most significant shifts required today is a change in how society perceives waste. Rather than being viewed as a material to be discarded, waste must be recognised as a valuable resource that can contribute to both economic growth and environmental protection when managed through the right technologies and systems. This mindset forms the foundation of the circular economy model that countries across the world are increasingly adopting to reduce landfill dependence, recover valuable materials, and create more sustainable industrial ecosystems.

India has made meaningful progress in strengthening awareness around sustainability, recycling, and environmental responsibility over the past decade. Significant efforts are being made to formalise the recycling sector through improved infrastructure, technology adoption, policy implementation, and broader stakeholder participation. These developments are creating a stronger foundation for responsible waste management and resource recovery across the country.

However, achieving long-term environmental impact requires collaboration from all stakeholders. Industries, policymakers, technology providers, and communities must work together with greater accountability to strengthen recycling ecosystems, encourage responsible waste management practices, and create sustainable outcomes through consistent execution rather than temporary interventions.

As someone closely associated with the recycling industry, I firmly believe that technology will play a decisive role in addressing future environmental challenges. Advanced recycling systems have the potential to recover valuable resources, reduce pollution, minimise landfill burdens, and conserve energy, creating a more sustainable future for generations to come. This belief is deeply reflected in Fornnax’s motto, “Committed to Create a Green Future,” which embodies our commitment to building long-term environmental value through innovation and responsible action.

At the same time, technology alone cannot deliver meaningful change. Real progress requires intent, awareness, participation, and a shared sense of responsibility. Sustainable development can only be achieved when innovation is supported by collective action and a genuine commitment to environmental stewardship.

On this World Environment Day, let us move beyond conversations and take meaningful steps towards creating a cleaner, greener, and more sustainable planet. By embracing innovation, strengthening recycling ecosystems, and acting responsibly today, we can create lasting environmental impact and secure a better future for generations to come.

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JK Lakshmi Advances LC3 Cement Expansion

Company highlights commercial production and research partnerships

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The meeting reviewed progress in limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) technology and its commercial adoption in India’s cement sector, focusing on low-carbon alternatives to conventional binders. JK Lakshmi Cement noted that limestone calcined clay cement can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by up to 40 per cent compared with conventional cement and said this reduction supports industry decarbonisation. The company highlighted that it was among the first two cement manufacturers in India to move LC3 into commercial production after the Bureau of Indian Standards approved the technology as a cement standard.

Vinita Singhania said the transition of LC3 from research to commercial production reflected collaboration between industry, academia and international institutions. Maya Tissafi acknowledged JK Lakshmi Cement’s role in advancing LC3 adoption in India and its contribution in taking the technology from laboratory trials to commercial implementation. Both representatives underlined the growing relevance of sustainable construction materials as India expands infrastructure and urban development.

The meeting explored continued collaboration with Swiss research institutions such as EPFL, EMPA and ETH Zurich alongside Indian academic partners and development organisations. JK Lakshmi Cement has been associated with the LC3 initiative since 2014 and worked with EPFL, IIT Delhi, IIT Madras, Development Alternatives and Technology and Action for Rural Advancement. The company conducted one of the earliest industrial trials of LC3 and recently announced commercial production of Green Pro LC3 cement from its Jaykaypuram plant in Rajasthan.

India remains the world’s second-largest cement producer and expansion of infrastructure, urbanisation and housing demand continue to support long-term sector growth, increasing interest in low-carbon technologies. The company reported an annual turnover of more than Rupees (Rs) 60 bn and current cement capacity of about 18 million (mn) tonnes (t) per annum, with a target of reaching 30 million (mn) tonnes (t) by 2030. Apart from grey cement, the company also makes ready-mix concrete, gypsum plaster, wall putty, primers, adhesives and fly ash blocks, and both sides concluded on the need for continued collaboration to develop sustainable construction solutions.

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