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Achieving net zero requires a multifaceted approach

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Mahendra Singhi, Member of Board of Governors and Strategic Advisor, Dalmia Cement (Bharat), shares insights into India’s Net Zero mission with Kanika Mathur.

India’s path to Net Zero is full of challenges. As a hard-to-abate industry, the cement sector needs to chart out strategies for achieving carbon neutrality. Discover how innovative approaches and policy support are shaping a sustainable future in this exclusive and insightful interview.

What is your view on the net zero mission, and how do we plan to achieve it?
The net zero mission is not merely a necessity for the cement sector or any specific industry but a global imperative. Every sector, whether service or manufacturing, must strive for net zero to address climate change and ensure a safe future for subsequent generations. The cement industry, in particular, has a significant role to play since it accounts for approximately 7-8 per cent of global CO2 emissions.
CO2 is the most prevalent greenhouse gas, and the cement industry’s contribution to these emissions is substantial. However, the good news is that the cement industry, especially in India, has been proactive. Over the years, it has explored and implemented strategies to lower carbon emissions. Initially, the focus was on low-carbon technologies. By adopting these technologies, the industry has already achieved significant reductions in CO2 emissions. Moreover, companies have begun integrating net-zero strategies into their business models, recognising that climate strategies are also sound business strategies. For example, the CDP (Carbon Disclosure Project) report recently highlighted the top 10 global cement companies prepared for a low-carbon transition, and five of these were Indian companies. This reflects a mindset shift towards sustainability, with Dalmia Cement leading the pack.
At Dalmia Cement, we believe in the philosophy that clean and green practices are both sustainable and profitable. Over the last decade, this philosophy has translated into a 33 per cent reduction in our CO2 emissions while simultaneously increasing revenue and profits. Such achievements demonstrate that net zero is not only achievable but also beneficial for business.

Alternative fuels and raw materials, digitalisation, technology, and Industry 4.0 are seen as crucial. Which plays the most significant role, or are they equally important?
Achieving net zero requires a multifaceted approach, and in the context of the cement industry, four key levers are critical. First, reducing the clinker content in cement production is essential. Clinker production is a major source of emissions due to the calcination of limestone. To mitigate this, we are focusing on producing blended cements such as PPC, PSC, PCC, and the newer L3 cement. Currently, India produces 73 per cent low-carbon blended cement. However, there is a need to eliminate the production of OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement), which emits around 900 kg of CO2 per tonne, compared to 400-500 kg for blended cements. Government policies, as well as support from the real estate and construction sectors, are essential for this transition.
Secondly, the use of alternative fuels and raw materials (AFR) offers a significant opportunity to reduce emissions. Transitioning to non-fossil fuels has shown promising results in regions like Europe and Japan, where AFR usage has reached 70-80 per cent, aided by strict regulations and quality waste management. In India, while progress is evident, AFR usage currently stands at around 10-15 per cent. Scaling this up will significantly contribute to emission reductions, as AFR accounts for approximately 20 per cent of total emissions.
Third, the transition to renewable energy sources is imperative. Transitioning to 100 per cent renewable energy through waste heat recovery systems, solar, wind, or hydro power is vital. Many companies have set ambitious targets for renewable energy adoption. However, supportive government regulations, such as banking facilities for renewable power, are necessary to accelerate this shift.
Finally, carbon capture technology (CCU/CCS) represents one of the most challenging yet impactful levers for achieving net zero. Capturing and either utilising or storing CO2 emissions can address roughly 50 per cent of emissions. While successful pilot projects are underway in Europe and the US, widespread adoption in India requires cost reductions and government support through incentives similar to the PLI scheme.

How can policymakers balance urban infrastructure development with carbon emission reduction?
As a developing country, India must prioritise growth to provide essential resources and amenities. However, this growth must be decoupled from emissions. Policymakers can achieve this by mandating the use of low-carbon technologies in new infrastructure projects and promoting blended cements over OPC through procurement policies. Additionally, supporting renewable energy adoption by providing banking facilities for renewable power and enhancing waste management practices to improve AFR quality are crucial steps. Introducing a polluter-pay policy can further offset the additional costs incurred by the cement industry. The Indian government’s commitment to maintaining a lower per-capita emission level compared to developed nations underscores its resolve to achieve sustainable growth.

How do you see the journey towards net zero unfolding?
The journey towards net zero is advancing steadily. In 2018, we at Dalmia Cement announced our carbon-negative and net zero roadmap during COP24. This commitment inspired other companies worldwide to adopt similar strategies. By COP26 in Glasgow, the Global Cement and Concrete Association committed to achieving net zero cement and concrete by 2050.
The global cement sector has been proactive, embracing new technologies and sustainability practices. Indian companies, too, are leading the way with innovative strategies and strong commitments. I am optimistic that within the next 10-25 years, the Indian cement industry will make significant strides towards achieving net zero, setting a benchmark for other industries globally.

Concrete

Cement Makers Reaffirm Commitment to Sustainable Growth

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World Environment Day spotlight on innovation and circularity

On World Environment Day, the Indian cement industry reiterated its commitment to supporting India’s climate ambitions through sustainable manufacturing, resource efficiency and the adoption of cleaner technologies.

The Cement Manufacturers’ Association (CMA) said the sector remains aligned with the Government of India’s Net Zero commitments and is accelerating efforts to reduce its environmental footprint while supporting the country’s infrastructure and development agenda.

Parth Jindal, President, CMA and Managing Director, JSW Cement, said the industry is increasingly adopting cleaner technologies, improving energy efficiency and expanding the use of alternative fuels and raw materials. He also highlighted the growing importance of circular economy practices, where industrial by-products and waste streams from one sector are utilised as resources in another.

“The Indian Cement Industry is aligned to the Government’s commitments on carbon mitigation and is accelerating the adoption of cleaner technologies, resource efficiency and circular economy practices while actively exploring the potential of Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS) as a critical pathway for deep decarbonisation,” said Jindal.

He added that coprocessing industrial waste and by-products helps conserve natural resources, reduce disposal requirements and lower the environmental footprint across multiple sectors.

According to Jindal, sustainability is no longer limited to manufacturing processes but is increasingly influencing investment decisions, innovation strategies and long-term growth plans within the industry.

Echoing similar views, Dr Raghavpat Singhania, Vice President, CMA and Managing Director, JK Cement, said sustainable development extends beyond emissions reduction and must also focus on responsible resource utilisation and waste minimisation.

“Sustainability in the built environment cannot be measured by emissions alone. It is equally about how efficiently we use resources, how effectively we minimise waste and how responsibly we create the infrastructure that will serve future generations,” said Singhania.

He noted that the cement industry is advancing its sustainability agenda through greater resource efficiency, increased circularity, technological innovation and continuous improvements in manufacturing practices. As a key contributor to India’s infrastructure development, the sector has a critical role to play in balancing economic growth with environmental responsibility.

On the occasion of World Environment Day, industry leaders reaffirmed their commitment to supporting India’s climate goals while delivering the materials required for resilient, durable and sustainable infrastructure.

 

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Building a Greener Future Together

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Environmental sustainability requires immediate action, not just long-term commitments and discussions. Recycling, circular economy practices, and technology-driven waste management can help industries reduce environmental impact while supporting sustainable growth.

Author: Jignesh Kundaria, Director and CEO, Fornnax Technology

World Environment Day serves as an important reminder that environmental sustainability can no longer remain confined to discussions, reports, or long-term commitments. The environmental challenges facing the world today demand immediate, measurable, and collective action. Across industries and communities, waste generation continues to outpace our ability to process it responsibly, placing increasing pressure on ecosystems, natural resources, public health, and the well-being of future generations.

One of the most significant shifts required today is a change in how society perceives waste. Rather than being viewed as a material to be discarded, waste must be recognised as a valuable resource that can contribute to both economic growth and environmental protection when managed through the right technologies and systems. This mindset forms the foundation of the circular economy model that countries across the world are increasingly adopting to reduce landfill dependence, recover valuable materials, and create more sustainable industrial ecosystems.

India has made meaningful progress in strengthening awareness around sustainability, recycling, and environmental responsibility over the past decade. Significant efforts are being made to formalise the recycling sector through improved infrastructure, technology adoption, policy implementation, and broader stakeholder participation. These developments are creating a stronger foundation for responsible waste management and resource recovery across the country.

However, achieving long-term environmental impact requires collaboration from all stakeholders. Industries, policymakers, technology providers, and communities must work together with greater accountability to strengthen recycling ecosystems, encourage responsible waste management practices, and create sustainable outcomes through consistent execution rather than temporary interventions.

As someone closely associated with the recycling industry, I firmly believe that technology will play a decisive role in addressing future environmental challenges. Advanced recycling systems have the potential to recover valuable resources, reduce pollution, minimise landfill burdens, and conserve energy, creating a more sustainable future for generations to come. This belief is deeply reflected in Fornnax’s motto, “Committed to Create a Green Future,” which embodies our commitment to building long-term environmental value through innovation and responsible action.

At the same time, technology alone cannot deliver meaningful change. Real progress requires intent, awareness, participation, and a shared sense of responsibility. Sustainable development can only be achieved when innovation is supported by collective action and a genuine commitment to environmental stewardship.

On this World Environment Day, let us move beyond conversations and take meaningful steps towards creating a cleaner, greener, and more sustainable planet. By embracing innovation, strengthening recycling ecosystems, and acting responsibly today, we can create lasting environmental impact and secure a better future for generations to come.

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Concrete

JK Lakshmi Advances LC3 Cement Expansion

Company highlights commercial production and research partnerships

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The meeting reviewed progress in limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) technology and its commercial adoption in India’s cement sector, focusing on low-carbon alternatives to conventional binders. JK Lakshmi Cement noted that limestone calcined clay cement can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by up to 40 per cent compared with conventional cement and said this reduction supports industry decarbonisation. The company highlighted that it was among the first two cement manufacturers in India to move LC3 into commercial production after the Bureau of Indian Standards approved the technology as a cement standard.

Vinita Singhania said the transition of LC3 from research to commercial production reflected collaboration between industry, academia and international institutions. Maya Tissafi acknowledged JK Lakshmi Cement’s role in advancing LC3 adoption in India and its contribution in taking the technology from laboratory trials to commercial implementation. Both representatives underlined the growing relevance of sustainable construction materials as India expands infrastructure and urban development.

The meeting explored continued collaboration with Swiss research institutions such as EPFL, EMPA and ETH Zurich alongside Indian academic partners and development organisations. JK Lakshmi Cement has been associated with the LC3 initiative since 2014 and worked with EPFL, IIT Delhi, IIT Madras, Development Alternatives and Technology and Action for Rural Advancement. The company conducted one of the earliest industrial trials of LC3 and recently announced commercial production of Green Pro LC3 cement from its Jaykaypuram plant in Rajasthan.

India remains the world’s second-largest cement producer and expansion of infrastructure, urbanisation and housing demand continue to support long-term sector growth, increasing interest in low-carbon technologies. The company reported an annual turnover of more than Rupees (Rs) 60 bn and current cement capacity of about 18 million (mn) tonnes (t) per annum, with a target of reaching 30 million (mn) tonnes (t) by 2030. Apart from grey cement, the company also makes ready-mix concrete, gypsum plaster, wall putty, primers, adhesives and fly ash blocks, and both sides concluded on the need for continued collaboration to develop sustainable construction solutions.

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