Concrete

Promoting a circular economy is the key

Published

4 years ago

July 18, 2022

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Prakhar Shrivastava, Corporate Quality, JK Cement, sheds light on the use of automation and sustainability in processing gypsum.

Explain the role of gypsum in the cement manufacturing process?
Gypsum plays a crucial role in manufacturing cement. It is used to delay cement setting by slowing down the reaction of mixing cement with water to prevent rapid hardening of cement and increase its workability for construction. Gypsum enhances cement strength at all ages. If we grind the clinker without gypsum, then the cement will set immediately after mixing with water and the strength development will be lesser.

What are the proportions of gypsum that are added in various types of cements produced? Tell us in details of the composition and percentage.
Presently different types of gypsum are available and are being added to meet the SO3 in cement, like mineral gypsum, chemical, phospho, marine gypsum, anhydrite, FGD and synthetic gypsum. The composition and percentage depend on the chemistry of clinker and gypsum to adhere to the desired SO3 target in cement. Normally the percentage addition of gypsum is 5 to 8 in cement mix as per gypsum quality and its availability. Few gypsums, which have higher purity above 85 per cent like imported mineral, anhydrite and phospho gypsum usage are less, whereas, Indian mineral gypsum having purity <40 per cent required higher percentage usage to meet the SO3 requirement.

Tell us about the process of obtaining gypsum by your organisation. What are the key resources utilised?
The different sources of gypsum and vendors are identified by our central procurement team. After getting the test report and sample from the supplier, and its testing in our laboratories then clearance by the QC team about the desired quality of gypsum, the procurement of bulk quantity of gypsum gets initiated. The gypsum is transported by road and rail to the plant. The receipt quality and quantity of gypsum is continuously monitored and if any deviation is found, it is immediately informed to the procurement team as well as the vendor. After this, the gypsum is used to feed into the hopper by Raw material handling equipment (eg. JCB, Payloader etc.) and its usage control through a weight feeder from CCR (central control room) to get the desired SO3 level according to the product requirement during the cement manufacturing process.

Tell us about the key technical feasibility factors that make gypsum viable for mixing with cement.
The size, purity, P2O5, chloride and moisture content of gypsum are the key technical feasibility factors that make gypsum viable for its usages. High moisture content and powdery gypsum are a major concern during cement production whereas the dry and adequate size gypsum is easy to use.
Similarly, low purity gypsum required higher usage to meet the SO3 requirement in cement resulted in increased insoluble residue (IR), which affected the product quality and also the fly ash addition in PPC. To consume such a low purity gypsum requirement of high purity gypsums like imported mineral gypsum to meet the SO3 and IR requirement which is not a cost effective solution.
Phospho gypsum has higher P2O5, which causes delay in the setting of cement and lesser early days compressive strength. Hence, it is mandatory to use it in a very controlled manner by blending it with other available gypsums to meet the product quality requirement.

What is the preparation or processing required to make gypsum ready to mix with the clinker?
Presently, preparation or processing of the different types of gypsum is done by handling equipment manually (eg. loader, dozer and JCB, etc.) as per recommended target and quality. Mixed gypsum is then fed to a separate hopper and controlled by a weight feeder and a controlled quantity of gypsum is mixed with clinker in the cement grinding process.
A more suitable solution to prepare uniform gypsum is to mix it separately before feeding
by blending various types of gypsums through
multi hoppers and controlled dosage to get targeted gypsum quality.

How does automation help in obtaining this mineral and increasing productivity of the unit?
The automation gives a timely update about the whole process to track the status and progress of procured material which saves time and avoids delays in procurement. It also helps to increase efficiency by fast process, productivity, growth and profitability of the organisation.
In all our units, the LIMs System has been implemented. All the quality test equipment is linked with the LIMs software and test results are directly transferred in LIMs and SAP. The quality analysis results of each type of gypsum and vendor wise are available in the automation system which helps to identify the deviation and consistency in quality thereby reducing error and confusion.

What are the sustainability measures taken by your organisation in obtaining and processing the desired quality of gypsum?
As part of our sustainability goals we have taken significant measures to replace natural or mineral gypsum with industrial waste. All our manufacturing units are utilising available industrial waste such as chemical gypsum, anhydrite gypsum, FGD, synthetic gypsum etc.
Blending of mineral gypsum with industrial waste as an economical and sustainable solution to replace natural minerals. Promoting a circular economy is our key pillar of the sustainability journey to reduce the environmental impact of our product by replacing natural resource consumption with industrial wastes which in turn has reduced our dependency on natural resources and is economical as well. It benefits our business, society and the environment by eliminating waste and decoupling our growth from the consumption of natural resources.

What are the major challenges faced in handling and obtaining gypsum for the manufacturing process?
The major challenges in handling and obtaining gypsum are moisture, SO3 and purity, which are the key parameters in deciding the quality of gypsum. Some minor elements also affect the quality of gypsum like phosphorus pentoxide and chloride percentage.
The deviation in SO3 content increases or decreases the quantity of gypsum in cement. Also, typically, a decrease in the SO3 content increases the insoluble residues, especially in Indian mineral gypsum, which causes higher IR in cement and lowers the performance/durability of cement.
In chemical gypsum, the main concern is the moisture of material and colour, which directly affects the operation with reference to jamming, choking and product quality.

-Kanika Mathur

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Concrete

Cement Demand Strong As Prices Remain Stable

Volumes rise amid steady trade pricing and higher fuel costs

Published

2 days ago

September 11, 2026

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Channel checks show cement demand remained healthy with volume growth estimated at six to seven per cent in July and August 2026. Trade prices were broadly stable while non-trade prices were volatile in the East, and attempted hikes were rolled back amid higher competition. Average fuel costs rose in August by five to nine per cent, lifting spot petcoke and coal prices.

All-India trade price remained flat month on month in August as increased rake supplies and competition offset early increases. Monsoon related demand softness limited sustained hikes and dealers indicated further attempts would depend on demand trends. Combined July and August volumes were estimated at six to seven per cent, supported by infrastructure spending while retail housing remained weather sensitive.

In the South, a Rs20 a bag hike in August did not hold and prices stayed flat month on month, while dealers planned Rs25 to Rs30 a bag from fifth September 2026 but with uncertain sustainability. In the East, trade prices were unchanged and non-trade prices corrected by Rs15 to Rs20 a bag amid weak construction in West Bengal, Jharkhand and Odisha.

The West remained most resilient on pricing and demand despite attempted hikes of Rs10 to Rs15 a bag, and Gujarat saw relatively better volumes in August. North and Central markets kept prices range bound as players focused on ramping up utilisation of new capacity, with schemes of up to Rs2 to Rs3 a bag used to meet month-end targets. Overall construction activity improved as the monsoon eased, aiding a pickup in several states.

Fuel cost pressures persisted, with South African coal at USD114 a t and petcoke around USD146 to USD147 a t in August, while spot imported petcoke and coal were higher. Imported coal consumption cost stood at Rs2.07 per Kcal and petcoke at USD2.11 per Kcal. Analysts estimate the all-India trade spread to decline by Rs90 to Rs100 a t quarter on quarter, weighing on near-term profitability and they prefer UltraTech Cement (UTCEM), JK Cement (JKCE) and Grasim Industries (GRASIM).

Concrete

Aditya Birla Group Launches Ultravolt Wires And Cables Business

UltraTech extends building solutions into electrical wiring

Published

4 days ago

September 9, 2026

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Aditya Birla Group has entered the wires and cables market through Ultravolt, extending UltraTech’s move from building materials into building solutions. The shift builds on UltraTech Building Solutions, a multi-category platform that already addresses customers across different stages of construction and extends beyond cement into ready-mix concrete, waterproofing, tile-fixing solutions and mortars.

The company intends to enter with scale, seeking presence across 100,000 retailers in more than 500 districts and availability through 5,000 plus UltraTech Building Solutions (UBS) outlets. The portfolio spans house wires, light-duty cables, communication cables, solar cables and low-tension and industrial cables to meet changing electrical requirements driven by solar installations, communications infrastructure and industrial automation.

An upstream advantage begins in the Group’s metals ecosystem, with conductor quality central to product performance. Ultravolt wires will use TruePure Copper, defined as 99.97 per cent pure electrolytic-grade annealed copper sourced from Hindalco, providing greater control over raw material quality and provenance and supporting electrical performance, safety and durability.

The business also targets the electrician community as a decisive influence on product choice and installation quality. The Wires and Cables Business has launched a Skill India Electrician Training Programme in partnership with the Electronics Sector Skills Council of India that aims to train and certify more than 40,000 electricians across India over the next year, focusing on safe wiring practices, correct installation and advanced wire technologies and offering Skill India-aligned certification and identification credentials.

The move combines market opportunity, UltraTech’s construction ecosystem, manufacturing capability and Group-level resources. A large Gujarat facility, advanced machinery and in-house testing and research and development underpin the product strategy, which is designed for both traditional and emerging applications. The ambition is to build a scaled national brand and become one of the top two players within five years, making the Group an integral participant in modern building infrastructure.

Concrete

Ramco Cements Mine Restoration Gets Global Biodiversity Certification

Pandalgudi mine restoration receives Advanced Certification from TGBS

Published

4 days ago

September 9, 2026

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The ecological restoration of Ramco Cements’ limestone mine at Pandalgudi in Virudhunagar district, Tamil Nadu, has received international recognition with the site being awarded Advanced Certification by The Global Biodiversity Standard (TGBS). The recognition makes Pandalgudi the first site in Peninsular India to receive the certification and places it among globally recognised biodiversity restoration projects.

TGBS, recognised by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), assesses biodiversity restoration projects based on scientific evaluation and their contribution to ecosystem recovery and local communities. The certification is supported by more than 250 scientists and academics worldwide.

Spread across over 500 acres of worked-out mine areas, the restoration project includes a certified 234-acre site. Initiated in 2018 with technical support from Auroville Botanical Gardens, the project began plantation activities in 2019 and is expected to be completed by 2027. More than 430,000 native trees and shrubs belonging to 150 ecologically significant species have been planted at the site.

The restored mine, which was once a barren landscape with limited biodiversity, has recorded over 72 bird species and 53 butterfly species. The project has also captured an estimated 10,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide over the past seven years, supporting broader sustainability and carbon reduction goals.

Opened officially in 2022, the site has attracted more than 13,000 visitors through educational programmes for schools, colleges and training institutions. The restoration initiative has also contributed to the development of the Rajapalayam Masterplan and supported Tamil Nadu’s carbon neutrality ambitions.

Commenting on the achievement, Mr P. R. Venketrama Raja, Chairman, Ramco Group, said the company aims for the Pandalgudi restoration project to serve as an inspiration and blueprint for the mining industry in India. Dr David Bartholomew, CEO, The Global Biodiversity Standard, highlighted the project’s long-term commitment to biodiversity recovery and independent assessment of ecological outcomes.

The certification reinforces Ramco Cements’ focus on sustainable mining practices and ecological restoration as part of its commitment towards a carbon-neutral future.