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Promoting a circular economy is the key

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Prakhar Shrivastava, Corporate Quality, JK Cement, sheds light on the use of automation and sustainability in processing gypsum.

Explain the role of gypsum in the cement manufacturing process?
Gypsum plays a crucial role in manufacturing cement. It is used to delay cement setting by slowing down the reaction of mixing cement with water to prevent rapid hardening of cement and increase its workability for construction. Gypsum enhances cement strength at all ages. If we grind the clinker without gypsum, then the cement will set immediately after mixing with water and the strength development will be lesser.

What are the proportions of gypsum that are added in various types of cements produced? Tell us in details of the composition and percentage.
Presently different types of gypsum are available and are being added to meet the SO3 in cement, like mineral gypsum, chemical, phospho, marine gypsum, anhydrite, FGD and synthetic gypsum. The composition and percentage depend on the chemistry of clinker and gypsum to adhere to the desired SO3 target in cement. Normally the percentage addition of gypsum is 5 to 8 in cement mix as per gypsum quality and its availability. Few gypsums, which have higher purity above 85 per cent like imported mineral, anhydrite and phospho gypsum usage are less, whereas, Indian mineral gypsum having purity <40 per cent required higher percentage usage to meet the SO3 requirement.

Tell us about the process of obtaining gypsum by your organisation. What are the key resources utilised?
The different sources of gypsum and vendors are identified by our central procurement team. After getting the test report and sample from the supplier, and its testing in our laboratories then clearance by the QC team about the desired quality of gypsum, the procurement of bulk quantity of gypsum gets initiated. The gypsum is transported by road and rail to the plant. The receipt quality and quantity of gypsum is continuously monitored and if any deviation is found, it is immediately informed to the procurement team as well as the vendor. After this, the gypsum is used to feed into the hopper by Raw material handling equipment (eg. JCB, Payloader etc.) and its usage control through a weight feeder from CCR (central control room) to get the desired SO3 level according to the product requirement during the cement manufacturing process.

Tell us about the key technical feasibility factors that make gypsum viable for mixing with cement.
The size, purity, P2O5, chloride and moisture content of gypsum are the key technical feasibility factors that make gypsum viable for its usages. High moisture content and powdery gypsum are a major concern during cement production whereas the dry and adequate size gypsum is easy to use.
Similarly, low purity gypsum required higher usage to meet the SO3 requirement in cement resulted in increased insoluble residue (IR), which affected the product quality and also the fly ash addition in PPC. To consume such a low purity gypsum requirement of high purity gypsums like imported mineral gypsum to meet the SO3 and IR requirement which is not a cost effective solution.
Phospho gypsum has higher P2O5, which causes delay in the setting of cement and lesser early days compressive strength. Hence, it is mandatory to use it in a very controlled manner by blending it with other available gypsums to meet the product quality requirement.

What is the preparation or processing required to make gypsum ready to mix with the clinker?
Presently, preparation or processing of the different types of gypsum is done by handling equipment manually (eg. loader, dozer and JCB, etc.) as per recommended target and quality. Mixed gypsum is then fed to a separate hopper and controlled by a weight feeder and a controlled quantity of gypsum is mixed with clinker in the cement grinding process.
A more suitable solution to prepare uniform gypsum is to mix it separately before feeding
by blending various types of gypsums through
multi hoppers and controlled dosage to get targeted gypsum quality.

How does automation help in obtaining this mineral and increasing productivity of the unit?
The automation gives a timely update about the whole process to track the status and progress of procured material which saves time and avoids delays in procurement. It also helps to increase efficiency by fast process, productivity, growth and profitability of the organisation.
In all our units, the LIMs System has been implemented. All the quality test equipment is linked with the LIMs software and test results are directly transferred in LIMs and SAP. The quality analysis results of each type of gypsum and vendor wise are available in the automation system which helps to identify the deviation and consistency in quality thereby reducing error and confusion.

What are the sustainability measures taken by your organisation in obtaining and processing the desired quality of gypsum?
As part of our sustainability goals we have taken significant measures to replace natural or mineral gypsum with industrial waste. All our manufacturing units are utilising available industrial waste such as chemical gypsum, anhydrite gypsum, FGD, synthetic gypsum etc.
Blending of mineral gypsum with industrial waste as an economical and sustainable solution to replace natural minerals. Promoting a circular economy is our key pillar of the sustainability journey to reduce the environmental impact of our product by replacing natural resource consumption with industrial wastes which in turn has reduced our dependency on natural resources and is economical as well. It benefits our business, society and the environment by eliminating waste and decoupling our growth from the consumption of natural resources.

What are the major challenges faced in handling and obtaining gypsum for the manufacturing process?
The major challenges in handling and obtaining gypsum are moisture, SO3 and purity, which are the key parameters in deciding the quality of gypsum. Some minor elements also affect the quality of gypsum like phosphorus pentoxide and chloride percentage.
The deviation in SO3 content increases or decreases the quantity of gypsum in cement. Also, typically, a decrease in the SO3 content increases the insoluble residues, especially in Indian mineral gypsum, which causes higher IR in cement and lowers the performance/durability of cement.
In chemical gypsum, the main concern is the moisture of material and colour, which directly affects the operation with reference to jamming, choking and product quality.

-Kanika Mathur

Concrete

Cement Makers Reaffirm Commitment to Sustainable Growth

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World Environment Day spotlight on innovation and circularity

On World Environment Day, the Indian cement industry reiterated its commitment to supporting India’s climate ambitions through sustainable manufacturing, resource efficiency and the adoption of cleaner technologies.

The Cement Manufacturers’ Association (CMA) said the sector remains aligned with the Government of India’s Net Zero commitments and is accelerating efforts to reduce its environmental footprint while supporting the country’s infrastructure and development agenda.

Parth Jindal, President, CMA and Managing Director, JSW Cement, said the industry is increasingly adopting cleaner technologies, improving energy efficiency and expanding the use of alternative fuels and raw materials. He also highlighted the growing importance of circular economy practices, where industrial by-products and waste streams from one sector are utilised as resources in another.

“The Indian Cement Industry is aligned to the Government’s commitments on carbon mitigation and is accelerating the adoption of cleaner technologies, resource efficiency and circular economy practices while actively exploring the potential of Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS) as a critical pathway for deep decarbonisation,” said Jindal.

He added that coprocessing industrial waste and by-products helps conserve natural resources, reduce disposal requirements and lower the environmental footprint across multiple sectors.

According to Jindal, sustainability is no longer limited to manufacturing processes but is increasingly influencing investment decisions, innovation strategies and long-term growth plans within the industry.

Echoing similar views, Dr Raghavpat Singhania, Vice President, CMA and Managing Director, JK Cement, said sustainable development extends beyond emissions reduction and must also focus on responsible resource utilisation and waste minimisation.

“Sustainability in the built environment cannot be measured by emissions alone. It is equally about how efficiently we use resources, how effectively we minimise waste and how responsibly we create the infrastructure that will serve future generations,” said Singhania.

He noted that the cement industry is advancing its sustainability agenda through greater resource efficiency, increased circularity, technological innovation and continuous improvements in manufacturing practices. As a key contributor to India’s infrastructure development, the sector has a critical role to play in balancing economic growth with environmental responsibility.

On the occasion of World Environment Day, industry leaders reaffirmed their commitment to supporting India’s climate goals while delivering the materials required for resilient, durable and sustainable infrastructure.

 

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Building a Greener Future Together

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Environmental sustainability requires immediate action, not just long-term commitments and discussions. Recycling, circular economy practices, and technology-driven waste management can help industries reduce environmental impact while supporting sustainable growth.

Author: Jignesh Kundaria, Director and CEO, Fornnax Technology

World Environment Day serves as an important reminder that environmental sustainability can no longer remain confined to discussions, reports, or long-term commitments. The environmental challenges facing the world today demand immediate, measurable, and collective action. Across industries and communities, waste generation continues to outpace our ability to process it responsibly, placing increasing pressure on ecosystems, natural resources, public health, and the well-being of future generations.

One of the most significant shifts required today is a change in how society perceives waste. Rather than being viewed as a material to be discarded, waste must be recognised as a valuable resource that can contribute to both economic growth and environmental protection when managed through the right technologies and systems. This mindset forms the foundation of the circular economy model that countries across the world are increasingly adopting to reduce landfill dependence, recover valuable materials, and create more sustainable industrial ecosystems.

India has made meaningful progress in strengthening awareness around sustainability, recycling, and environmental responsibility over the past decade. Significant efforts are being made to formalise the recycling sector through improved infrastructure, technology adoption, policy implementation, and broader stakeholder participation. These developments are creating a stronger foundation for responsible waste management and resource recovery across the country.

However, achieving long-term environmental impact requires collaboration from all stakeholders. Industries, policymakers, technology providers, and communities must work together with greater accountability to strengthen recycling ecosystems, encourage responsible waste management practices, and create sustainable outcomes through consistent execution rather than temporary interventions.

As someone closely associated with the recycling industry, I firmly believe that technology will play a decisive role in addressing future environmental challenges. Advanced recycling systems have the potential to recover valuable resources, reduce pollution, minimise landfill burdens, and conserve energy, creating a more sustainable future for generations to come. This belief is deeply reflected in Fornnax’s motto, “Committed to Create a Green Future,” which embodies our commitment to building long-term environmental value through innovation and responsible action.

At the same time, technology alone cannot deliver meaningful change. Real progress requires intent, awareness, participation, and a shared sense of responsibility. Sustainable development can only be achieved when innovation is supported by collective action and a genuine commitment to environmental stewardship.

On this World Environment Day, let us move beyond conversations and take meaningful steps towards creating a cleaner, greener, and more sustainable planet. By embracing innovation, strengthening recycling ecosystems, and acting responsibly today, we can create lasting environmental impact and secure a better future for generations to come.

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Concrete

JK Lakshmi Advances LC3 Cement Expansion

Company highlights commercial production and research partnerships

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The meeting reviewed progress in limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) technology and its commercial adoption in India’s cement sector, focusing on low-carbon alternatives to conventional binders. JK Lakshmi Cement noted that limestone calcined clay cement can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by up to 40 per cent compared with conventional cement and said this reduction supports industry decarbonisation. The company highlighted that it was among the first two cement manufacturers in India to move LC3 into commercial production after the Bureau of Indian Standards approved the technology as a cement standard.

Vinita Singhania said the transition of LC3 from research to commercial production reflected collaboration between industry, academia and international institutions. Maya Tissafi acknowledged JK Lakshmi Cement’s role in advancing LC3 adoption in India and its contribution in taking the technology from laboratory trials to commercial implementation. Both representatives underlined the growing relevance of sustainable construction materials as India expands infrastructure and urban development.

The meeting explored continued collaboration with Swiss research institutions such as EPFL, EMPA and ETH Zurich alongside Indian academic partners and development organisations. JK Lakshmi Cement has been associated with the LC3 initiative since 2014 and worked with EPFL, IIT Delhi, IIT Madras, Development Alternatives and Technology and Action for Rural Advancement. The company conducted one of the earliest industrial trials of LC3 and recently announced commercial production of Green Pro LC3 cement from its Jaykaypuram plant in Rajasthan.

India remains the world’s second-largest cement producer and expansion of infrastructure, urbanisation and housing demand continue to support long-term sector growth, increasing interest in low-carbon technologies. The company reported an annual turnover of more than Rupees (Rs) 60 bn and current cement capacity of about 18 million (mn) tonnes (t) per annum, with a target of reaching 30 million (mn) tonnes (t) by 2030. Apart from grey cement, the company also makes ready-mix concrete, gypsum plaster, wall putty, primers, adhesives and fly ash blocks, and both sides concluded on the need for continued collaboration to develop sustainable construction solutions.

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