Sanjay Joshi, Chief – Projects and Manufacturing Officer (North), Nuvoco Vistas Corp, talks about their safety protocols and initiatives as well as the comprehensive approach they take to ensure the well-being of their workforce with the use of advanced technology.
What is the definition of a ‘safe’ plant in your organisation? At Nuvoco Vistas, a ‘safe’ plant is one that demonstrates Zero Harm, Zero Fatality, Zero Loss Time Injuries (LTI), Zero Medical Incidents (MI), Zero First Aid (FA) and Zero Serious Events (SE) reported. Additionally, a safe plant actively promotes leading indicators, placing a strong emphasis on safety through employee engagement, comprehensive training and prompt reporting of unsafe acts, unsafe conditions, and near misses. The goal is to maintain a workplace with zero tolerance for safety lapses and a commitment to proactive safety measures. This is to ensure that all stakeholders (internal and external) coming inside the plant are safe. Equal importance is also given to ensure zero property damage.
Tell us about the key areas where safety is of paramount importance. In the realm of cement manufacturing, where the process is intense and operation-oriented, ensuring safety is essential. Here are the key areas where safety is of utmost importance:
Coal shop safety: Ensuring a secure environment in the coal shop is paramount.
Preheater and precalciner safety: Focusing on safety measures in these critical areas of the process including cleaning of cyclone jam.
Working at heights: Implementing safety protocols for tasks that involve working at height across all areas.
Electrical safety and energy isolation: Prioritising safety in electrical operations and implementing effective energy isolation procedures.
Mines safety: Adhering to all safety requirements outlined by DGMS (Directorate General of Mines Safety).
Exposure to respirable crystalline silica and total dust: Managing and minimising the risk of exposure to harmful substances.
Working in confined spaces: Implementing safety measures for tasks conducted in confined spaces.
Conveyor belt safety with machine guarding: Ensuring the safety of personnel in areas involving conveyor belts, with proper machine guarding.
Fire safety: Implementing fire safety measures in all areas containing inflammable materials.
These areas collectively form a comprehensive approach to maintaining a safe working environment in a cement plant, emphasising the well-being of everyone involved in the process. Mock drills are also periodically conducted to confirm readiness in case of any eventuality.
What are the safety equipment used by various personnel in different areas of work? In different work areas, our personnel use a variety of safety equipment to ensure their well-being. The mandatory Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in Nuvoco comprises a safety helmet for head protection, safety shoes for safeguarding the legs, a fluorescent jacket (reflective jacket) to enhance visibility and protect the body and safety glasses for eye safety. Furthermore, for specific job requirements, we provide essential job-specific PPEs, such as full body safety harness for tasks involving fall protection, ear plugs for hearing safety, electrical safety gadgets to prevent electrical hazards, hand gloves for hand protection, welding aprons and other specialised equipment tailored to the unique risks associated with specific tasks performed by our associates. This approach ensures that our personnel have the right safety gear to address the specific hazards they may encounter in their respective work areas, promoting a comprehensive and secure working environment.
Tell us about your organisation’s policies about safety for the workforce. At Nuvoco Vistas Corp, we prioritise the safety and well-being of all individuals working in our plants. It’s our inherent responsibility to provide a safe and healthy environment for our employees, contract workers, and associates, ensuring compliance with local legal and regulatory requirements. We expect everyone to actively adhere to our health and safety guidelines, with each employee taking personal responsibility for preventing occupational injuries. It’s not just a management concern; it’s a collective effort to conduct day-to-day business with the utmost safety. Visible leadership forms the foundation of our health and safety principles, fostering a work environment where everyone can confidently engage in their tasks.
Does technology play a role in ensuring plant safety? If yes, how? Certainly, technology plays an important role in ensuring plant safety at Nuvoco Vistas. Our safety management systems strongly influence technology for efficient operations. We utilise the Safety, Tracking, Analysis and Reporting (STAR) software for comprehensive reporting of both leading and lagging indicators, enhancing our ability to monitor and manage safety performance. In addition, all commuting vehicles are equipped with GPS and VTS (Vehicle Tracking System) for real-time tracking and monitoring, ensuring the safety of transportation activities. The Lock Out, Tag Out, and Try Out process (LOTOTO) used for the energy isolation system is an advanced electrical safety measure in place, contributing to a secure working environment. Furthermore, machines are equipped with Visual Cutoff Switches (VCS) for local cutoffs, adding an extra layer of safety to our processes. Across the board, various technologies are implemented in our machineries, collectively creating a technologically advanced and safe working environment throughout our operations.
Tell us about the major challenges faced in terms of ensuring plant safety. Ensuring safety in cement plants presents significant challenges due to the human-intensive nature of the operations. From mining to clinkerisation, grinding, packing and despatch, each stage involves potential risks to human safety. Moreover, road safety poses substantial challenges, as global statistics highlight it as one of the most significant safety concerns. The diverse operations and their associated risks make maintaining a safe environment a complex task in our cement plants. Addressing these challenges requires continuous efforts and a comprehensive approach to prioritise and enhance safety measures across all facets of our operations.
Do you conduct safety training and audits for your plant personnel? Absolutely, our commitment to safety is unwavering, and it begins from the moment any worker steps into the plant. Continuous safety training is rooted in our approach, starting right at the initiation phase, and extending throughout their involvement in plant operations and maintenance. These training sessions serve as the backbone of our safety system, emphasising the importance of safe practices at every step. In addition to ongoing training, we conduct various safety audits to ensure the effectiveness of our safety measures. This includes cross-functional safety audits, internal safety audits, external safety audits and sectional safety audits throughout the year, maintaining a consistent and thorough evaluation process. We also conduct audits on an as-needed basis, tailoring our assessments to specific plant requirements, such as design safety audits and coal shop safety audits. This holistic approach underscores our dedication to fostering a safe and secure working environment for all personnel.
How do you plan to better the safety of your plant in the years to come? Ensuring safety is an ongoing journey marked by continuous improvement at every moment of our cement plant operations. Each step is important, considering both human safety and the prevention of property damage. To enhance safety, we are actively working on minimising road incidents during operations. Additionally, our focus extends to behavioural-based safety improvements among employees, contributing to the overall goal of making our plants safer environments. This commitment to continual improvement underscores our dedication to fostering a secure and protected workplace for everyone involved.
Jignesh Kundaria, Director and CEO, Fornnax Technology
India is simultaneously grappling with two crises: a mounting waste emergency and an urgent need to decarbonise its most carbon-intensive industries. The cement sector, the second-largest in the world and the backbone of the nation’s infrastructure ambitions, sits at the centre of both. It consumes enormous quantities of fossil fuel, and it has the technical capacity to consume something else entirely: the waste our cities cannot get rid of.
According to CPCB and NITI Aayog projections, India generates approximately 62.4 million tonnes of municipal solid waste annually, with that figure expected to reach 165 million tonnes by 2030. Much of this waste is energy-rich and non-recyclable. At the same time, cement kilns operate at material temperatures of approximately 1,450 degrees Celsius, with gas temperatures reaching 2,000 degrees. This high-temperature environment is ideal for co-processing, ensuring the complete thermal destruction of organic compounds without generating toxic residues. The physics are in our favour. The infrastructure is not.
Pre-processing is not the support act for co-processing. It is the main event. Get the particle size wrong, get the moisture wrong, get the calorific value wrong and your kiln thermal stability will suffer the consequences.
The Regulatory Push Is Real
The Solid Waste Management (SWM) Rules 2026 mandate that cement plants progressively replace solid fossil fuels with Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF), starting at a 5 per cent baseline and scaling to 15 per cent within six years. NITI Aayog’s 2026 Roadmap for Cement Sector Decarbonisation targets 20 to 25 per cent Thermal Substitution Rate (TSR) by 2030. Beyond compliance, every tonne of coal replaced by RDF generates measurable carbon reductions which is monetisable under India’s emerging Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS). TSR is no longer a sustainability metric. It is a financial lever.
Yet our own field assessments across multiple Indian cement plants reveal a sobering reality: the primary barrier to scaling AFR adoption is not waste availability. It is the fragmented and under-engineered pre-processing ecosystem that sits between the waste and the kiln.
Why Indian Waste Is a Different Engineering Problem
Indian municipal solid waste is not the material that imported shredding equipment was designed for. Our waste streams frequently exceed 40 per cent to 50 per cent moisture content, particularly during monsoon cycles, saturated with abrasive inerts including sand, glass, and stone. Plants relying on imported OEM equipment face months of downtime awaiting proprietary spare parts. Machines built for segregated, low-moisture waste fail quickly and disrupt the entire pre-processing operation in Indian conditions.
The two most common failures we observe are what I call the biting teeth problem and the chewing teeth problem. Plants relying solely on a primary shredder reduce bulk waste to large fractions, but the output remains too coarse for stable kiln combustion. Others attempt to use a secondary shredder as a standalone unit without a primary stage to pre-size the feed, leading to catastrophic mechanical failure. When both stages are present but mismatched in throughput capacity, the system becomes a bottleneck. Achieving the 40 to 70 tonnes per hour required for meaningful coal displacement demands a precisely coordinated two-stage process.
Engineering a Made-in-India Answer
At Fornnax, our response to these challenges is grounded in one principle: Indian waste demands Indian engineering. Our systems are built around feedstock homogeneity, the holy grail of kiln stability. Consistent particle size and predictable calorific value are the foundation of stable kiln combustion. Without them, no TSR target is achievable at scale.
Our SR-MAX2500 Dual Shaft Primary Shredder (Hydraulic Drive) processes raw, baled, or loosely mixed MSW, C&I waste, bulky waste, and plastics, reducing them to approximately 150 mm fractions at throughputs of up to 40 tonnes per hour. The R-MAX 3300 Single Shaft Secondary Shredder (Hydraulic Drive), introduced in 2025, takes that primary output and produces RDF fractions in the 30 to 80 mm range at up to 30 tonnes per hour, specifically optimised for consistent kiln feeding. We have also introduced electric drive configurations under the SR-100 HD series, with capacities between 5 and 40 tonnes per hour, already operational at a leading Indian waste-processing facility.
Looking ahead, Fornnax is expanding its portfolio with the upcoming SR-MAX3600 Hydraulic Drive primary shredder at up to 70 tonnes per hour and the R-MAX2100 Hydraulic drive secondary shredder at up to 20 tonnes per hour, designed specifically for the large-scale throughput that higher TSR ambitions require.
The Investment Case Is Now
The 2070 Net-Zero target is not a distant goal for India’s cement sector. It starts today, with decisions being made on the plant floor.
The SWM Rules 2026 are already in effect, requiring cement plants to replace coal with RDF. Carbon credit markets are opening up, and coal prices are not going to get cheaper. Every tonne of coal a cement plant replaces with waste-derived fuel saves money on one side and generates carbon credit revenue on the other. Pre-processing infrastructure is no longer just a compliance requirement. It is a business investment with a measurable return.
The good news is that nothing is missing. The technology works. The waste is available in every Indian city. The government has provided the policy direction. The only thing standing between where the industry is today and where it needs to be is the commitment to build the right infrastructure.
The cement companies that move now will not just meet the regulations. They will be ahead of every competitor that waits.
About The Author
Jignesh Kundaria is the Director and CEO of Fornnax Technology. Over an experience spanning more than two decades in the recycling industry, he has established himself as one of India’s foremost voices on waste-to-fuel technology and alternative fuel infrastructure.
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