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Role of Lubrication Technology

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Gaurav K Mathur, Director & Chief Executive, Global Technical Services, discusses the importance of lubricants in enhancing productivity of cement plants and in making them more sustainable.

Sustainability means meeting our own needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. In addition to natural resources, we also need social and economic resources. Global warming is the key concern, making sustainability not a choice by a need.
The Paris Climate Conference (COP21) in 2015 sensitised the world towards ecological damage caused due to industrialisation. The Paris Agreement was the first-ever universal, legally binding agreement that was adopted by consensus by all members of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The Paris agreement outlines the global framework to limit global warming well below 2°C. Currently, 197 countries have agreed to work towards reaching net carbon neutrality by 2050.
Sustainability, in the light of the findings of COP21, is now being accepted and implemented by industries globally as social responsibility.

Sustainability for the industrial sector
Sustainable manufacturing plays a vital role in decarbonisation by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
The five highest sectors in which decarbonisation can have the most significant impact account for 51 per cent of energy-related CO2 emissions in the US’ industrial sector (as shown in figure 1). The four key technological pillars can significantly reduce emissions for the five sub-sectors identified above. These crosscutting decarbonisation pillars are:

  1. Energy efficiency
  2. Industrial Electrification
  3. Low-Carbon Fuels, Feedstocks and Energy Sources (LCFFES)
  4. Carbon Capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) (as shown in Figure 2)

Why is lubrication key to sustainability?
Based on the statistics, it is observed that the industrial sector accounts for a fair amount of GHG emissions. In most of the cement industries, lubricants are used in large quantities. Lubrication can significantly impact the overall efficiency of a machine, if a proper lubricant is used while performing its function of reducing the coefficient of friction. The lubricant also affects the energy efficiency of the equipment. In most cases, scientifically done lubrication has shown considerably reduced power consumption. As shown in figure 4, industrial energy consumption accounts to 33 per cent, according to the US DOE’s R&D Roadmap.
The cement industry plays a pivotal role in global infrastructure development, providing the foundation for buildings, roads and other critical structures.
Cement manufacturing is energy-intensive and emissions contribute to carbon footprints. In the pursuit of sustainable practices, cement plants are increasingly turning their attention to technology and practices for effective lubrication, as key elements in enhancing operational efficiency while minimising environmental impact.
As global awareness of climate change grows, the cement industry is proactively looking towards adopting technology to decrease their carbon footprint and attention is being given to sustainability to ensure minimal impact to the environment. Efforts and resources are being pledged to optimise every aspect of cement production, including lubrication.
Lubrication and its efficient management in the plant have great potential to help operators reach their sustainability goal and at the same time improve operational excellence.

Energy efficiency and lubrication technology
Evidence of lubricants in use dates back to 1400 BC, when animal fat was being used as lubricant. With advancements in industrialisation, there has been a pressure on delivering higher production and lowering cost of manufacturing. Operational excellence and reliability play a vital role in industry operations.
Lubrication is the fulcrum of mechanical maintenance thus playing a critical role towards sustainable and profitable operation in the limestone quarry or at plants. Traditionally, lubricants have been chosen based on their ability to reduce friction, wear and corrosion. However, the evolving landscape of sustainability demands a more comprehensive approach to lubrication.
Through the careful selection of high-quality lubricants and optimised application practices, friction and wear within machinery are minimised, leading to increased energy efficiency. This results in lower energy consumption, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and extended equipment lifespan. By incorporating advanced lubrication technologies and practices, cement plants can contribute to the industry’s overall commitment to achieving more sustainable and environmentally friendly manufacturing processes.
Energy-efficient lubricants have been formulated by the lubricant suppliers, typically cost more because they are made of tailored synthesised chemicals rather than straight hydrocarbon base oils. Generally, users are reluctant to purchase more expensive products unless there is demonstrable value.
Energy consumption is a significant concern in cement production, with a substantial portion of it attributed to the friction and heat generated by moving components in machinery. Lubrication technology plays a pivotal role in optimising energy efficiency within cement plants. Advanced lubricants with superior friction-reducing properties contribute to lower energy consumption by minimising resistance in moving parts.
Moreover, lubricants can be tailored to specific applications within cement plants, ensuring that each type of machinery receives optimal lubrication for its unique requirements. For example, synthetic lubricants achieve the most impressive energy savings where equipment slides or rolls. This targeted approach not only enhances energy efficiency but also extends the lifespan of critical equipment, reducing the need for frequent replacements and associated
resource consumption.

Oil conservation, waste reduction and recycling
Lubrication is not just about introducing oil in the machine, for a sustainable plant, it is a must to see every point where CO2 emissions are generated for the final introduction of lubricant into the machine. Manufacturing of lubricant, indenting and ordering, logistics, inventory and disposal are some of the points where lubricants through the journey produce carbon emissions, hence it is required to conserve, so every CO2 point can be reduced, if not eliminated. Also lubricants are made from fossil fuels and the environmental impact on the carbon footprints during extraction, refining and usage is well known. Properly formulated and monitored lubricants can extend the life of components, reducing the need for frequent replacements and minimising the generation of waste.
Over the period of their usage inside the machines the lubricants do not die to be condemned or discarded. They generally get contaminated with dirt/water and the chemical additives, which provide additional properties, get used up. Technological advancements have been made in the filtration systems to remove the contaminants completely. Further topping up the relevant additives, which are depleted, can make them functionally as good as new. Additionally, some lubricants are designed for easy recycling, further reducing their environmental impact. The re-refining technology also has made major advancements to recycle the used lubricants to produce base oils or final product, having properties like the original oil. This approach not only enhances the sustainability of operations but also aligns with the principles of the circular economy.

Reducing Environmental Impact
One of the key avenues for driving sustainability is the adoption of environmentally friendly lubricants. Traditional lubricants, often derived from fossil fuels, can contribute to pollution and have adverse effects on the ecosystem. Sustainable lubricants, on the other hand, are formulated with biodegradable and renewable resources, minimising their environmental impact.
Bio-based lubricants, derived from renewable resources such as vegetable oils, present a promising frontier in sustainable lubrication technology for cement plants. These lubricants offer several advantages, including biodegradability, lower toxicity and reduced environmental impact compared to their petroleum-based counterparts. As the technology behind bio-based lubricants continues to advance, cement plants can transition to these greener alternatives, further aligning their operations with sustainable practices.
While the adoption of sustainable lubricants and lubrication technology holds great promise for driving sustainability in cement plants, several challenges and considerations must be addressed. One significant consideration is the compatibility of new lubricants with existing equipment. Cement plants often have long life cycles for their machinery, and transitioning to new lubricants must be carefully planned to avoid transition issues and ensure a seamless integration.
Integrating digitisation technology for sustainability in the cement industry, particularly with a focus on lubrication, presents both challenges and considerations. The cement industry faces hurdles such as significant capital investments for digital technologies, complex integration into existing processes, and the need for cybersecurity measures to protect sensitive data. Workforce training and change management are critical for successful implementation. However, digitisation offers opportunities to enhance energy efficiency through real-time monitoring, optimise maintenance practices and improve asset reliability, adopting digital tools can contribute to sustainability by minimising friction, reducing wear and tear and optimising lubricant usage. Additionally, predictive maintenance supported by digitisation can extend equipment lifespan, reducing the environmental impact associated with frequent lube replacements. The incorporation of lubrication into the wider context of technology and sustainability requires careful consideration of challenges and strategic considerations to achieve a more efficient and environmentally friendly cement production process.
The cement industry’s journey toward sustainability involves a comprehensive approach that extends to every facet of production, including lubrication technology. By embracing sustainable processes, optimising energy efficiency and leveraging advanced lubrication systems, cement plants can significantly reduce their environmental impact while enhancing operational performance, all aspects being
covered by simply implementing Total Lubrication Management (TLM).
Significant efforts are being made by cement industries for being sustainable, TLM is being implemented majorly by cement companies. Two roadblocks to widespread adoption of TLM include the challenge of quantifying measurable improvements and arriving at payback.

Conclusion
The transition to sustainable lubrication practices is a strategic imperative for cement manufacturers seeking to thrive in an era of increasing environmental awareness. As the industry continues to evolve, the integration of TLM plays a pivotal role in shaping a more sustainable future for cement production, where efficiency and environmental stewardship go hand in hand.
Over 50 billion litres of lubricants are sold annually. Approximately half of this volume is formulated into engine oils, and the other half is formulated into industrial lubricants. If only one per cent of the industrial oils doubled their oil drain interval, this would equate to a reduction of over one million metric tonnes of CO2 per year.
This is one of the reasons why Global Technical Services has developed the concept of TLM. Implementation of TLM considers lubricants as an asset and not a consumable. Actively removing contaminants from fresh lubricants and adding in-service lubricants with additive compensation, extends the oil’s life significantly.
Lubricants must be kept clean and free from moisture while maintaining a healthy balance of additives to increase its lifespan. Lubricants must be dealt with the same sensitivity as blood. Thus, implementation of TLM is an important pillar of sustainability, and sustainable manufacturing is not possible without it.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR:
Gaurav K Mathur, CEO, Global Technical Services
has over 2 decades of experience in Lubrication, Lubrication Technology, and Oil Analysis. He is actively working with industry on Sustainability via tribology.

Economy & Market

Smart Pumping for Rock Blasting

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SEEPEX introduces BN pumps with Smart Joint Access (SJA) to improve efficiency, reliability, and inspection speed in demanding rock blasting operations.
Designed for abrasive and chemical media, the solution supports precise dosing, reduced downtime, and enhanced operational safety.

SEEPEX has introduced BN pumps with Smart Joint Access (SJA), engineered for the reliable and precise transfer of abrasive, corrosive, and chemical media in mining and construction. Designed for rock blasting, the pump features a large inspection opening for quick joint checks, a compact footprint for mobile or skid-mounted installations, and flexible drive and material options for consistent performance and uptime.

“Operators can inspect joints quickly and rely on precise pumping of shear-sensitive and abrasive emulsions,” said Magalie Levray, Global Business Development Manager Mining at SEEPEX. “This is particularly critical in rock blasting, where every borehole counts for productivity.” Industry Context

Rock blasting is essential for extracting hard rock and shaping safe excavation profiles in mining and construction. Accurate and consistent loading of explosive emulsions ensures controlled fragmentation, protects personnel, and maximizes productivity. Even minor deviations in pumping can cause delays or reduce product quality. BN pumps with SJA support routine maintenance and pre-operation checks by allowing fast verification of joint integrity, enabling more efficient operations.

Always Inspection Ready

Smart Joint Access is designed for inspection-friendly operations. The large inspection opening in the suction housing provides direct access to both joints, enabling rapid pre-operation checks while maintaining high operational reliability. Technicians can assess joint condition quickly, supporting continuous, reliable operation.

Key Features

  • Compact Footprint: Fits truck-mounted mobile units, skid-mounted systems, and factory installations.
  • Flexible Drive Options: Compact hydraulic drive or electric drive configurations.
  • Hydraulic Efficiency: Low-displacement design reduces oil requirements and supports low total cost of ownership.
  • Equal Wall Stator Design: Ensures high-pressure performance in a compact footprint.
  • Material Flexibility: Stainless steel or steel housings, chrome-plated rotors, and stators in NBR, EPDM, or FKM.

Operators benefit from shorter inspection cycles, reliable dosing, seamless integration, and fast delivery through framework agreements, helping to maintain uptime in critical rock blasting processes.

Applications – Optimized for Rock Blasting

BN pumps with SJA are designed for mining, tunneling, quarrying, civil works, dam construction, and other sectors requiring precise handling of abrasive or chemical media. They provide robust performance while enabling fast, reliable inspection and maintenance.With SJA, operators can quickly access both joints without disassembly, ensuring emulsions are transferred accurately and consistently. This reduces downtime, preserves product integrity, and supports uniform dosing across multiple bore holes.

With the Smart Joint Access inspection opening, operators can quickly access and assess the condition of both joints without disassembly, enabling immediate verification of pump readiness prior to blast hole loading. This allows operators to confirm that emulsions are transferred accurately and consistently, protecting personnel, minimizing product degradation, and maintaining uniform dosing across multiple bore holes.

The combination of equal wall stator design, compact integration, flexible drives, and progressive cavity pump technology ensures continuous, reliable operation even in space-limited, high-pressure environments.

From Inspection to Operation

A leading explosives provider implemented BN pumps with SJA in open pit and underground operations. By replacing legacy pumps, inspection cycles were significantly shortened, allowing crews to complete pre-operation checks and return mobile units to productive work faster. Direct joint access through SJA enabled immediate verification, consistent emulsion dosing, and reduced downtime caused by joint-related deviations.

“The inspection opening gives immediate confidence that each joint is secure before proceeding to bore holes,” said a site technician. “It allows us to act quickly, keeping blasting schedules on track.”

Framework agreements ensured rapid pump supply and minimal downtime, supporting multi-site operations across continents

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Concrete

Digital process control is transforming grinding

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Satish Maheshwari, Chief Manufacturing Officer, Shree Cement, delves into how digital intelligence is transforming cement grinding into a predictive, stable, and energy-efficient operation.

Grinding sits at the heart of cement manufacturing, accounting for the largest share of electrical energy consumption. In this interview, Satish Maheshwari, Chief Manufacturing Officer, Shree Cement, explains how advanced grinding technologies, data-driven optimisation and process intelligence are transforming mill performance, reducing power consumption and supporting the industry’s decarbonisation goals.

How has the grinding process evolved in Indian cement plants to meet rising efficiency and sustainability expectations?
Over the past decade, Indian cement plants have seen a clear evolution in grinding technology, moving from conventional open-circuit ball mills to high-efficiency closed-circuit systems, Roller Press–Ball Mill combinations and Vertical Roller Mills (VRMs). This shift has been supported by advances in separator design, improved wear-resistant materials, and the growing use of digital process automation. As a result, grinding units today operate as highly controlled manufacturing systems where real-time data, process intelligence and efficient separation work together to deliver stable and predictable performance.
From a sustainability perspective, these developments directly reduce specific power consumption, improve equipment reliability and lower the carbon footprint per tonne of cement produced.

How critical is grinding optimisation in reducing specific power consumption across ball mills and VRMs?
Grinding is the largest consumer of electrical energy in a cement plant, which makes optimisation one of the most effective levers for improving energy efficiency. In ball mill systems, optimisation through correct media selection, charge design, diaphragm configuration, ventilation management and separator tuning can typically deliver power savings of 5 per cent to 8 per cent. In VRMs, fine-tuning airflow balance, grinding pressure, nozzle ring settings, and circulating load can unlock energy reductions in the range of 8 per cent to 12 per cent. Across both systems, sustained operation under stable conditions is critical. Consistency in mill loading and operating parameters improves quality control, reduces wear, and enables long-term energy efficiency, making stability a key operational KPI.

What challenges arise in maintaining consistent cement quality when using alternative raw materials and blended compositions?
The increased use of alternative raw materials and supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) introduces variability in chemistry, moisture, hardness, and loss on ignition. This variability makes it more challenging to maintain consistent fineness, particle size distribution, throughput and downstream performance parameters such as setting time, strength development and workability.
As clinker substitution levels rise, grinding precision becomes increasingly important. Even small improvements in consistency enable higher SCM utilisation without compromising cement performance.
Addressing these challenges requires stronger feed homogenisation, real-time quality monitoring and dynamic adjustment of grinding parameters so that output quality remains stable despite changing input characteristics.

How is digital process control changing the way grinding performance is optimised?
Digital process control is transforming grinding from an operator-dependent activity into a predictive, model-driven operation. Technologies such as online particle size and residue analysers, AI-based optimisation platforms, digital twins for VRMs and Roller Press systems, and advanced process control solutions are redefining how performance is managed.
At the same time, workforce roles are evolving. Operators are increasingly focused on interpreting data trends through digital dashboards and responding proactively rather than relying on manual interventions. Together, these tools improve mill stability, enable faster response to disturbances, maintain consistent fineness, and reduce specific energy consumption while minimising manual effort.

How do you see grinding technologies supporting the industry’s low-clinker and decarbonisation goals?
Modern grinding technologies are central to the industry’s decarbonisation efforts. They enable higher incorporation of SCMs such as fly ash, slag, and limestone, improve particle fineness and reactivity, and reduce overall power consumption. Efficient grinding makes it possible to maintain consistent cement quality at lower clinker factors. Every improvement in energy intensity and particle engineering directly contributes to lower CO2 emissions.
As India moves toward low-carbon construction, precision grinding will remain a foundational capability for delivering sustainable, high-performance cement aligned with national and global climate objectives.

How much potential does grinding optimisation hold for immediate energy
and cost savings?
The potential for near-term savings is substantial. Without major capital investment, most plants can achieve 5 per cent to 15 per cent power reduction through measures such as improving separator efficiency, optimising ventilation, refining media grading, and fine-tuning operating parameters.
With continued capacity expansion across India, advanced optimisation tools will help ensure that productivity gains are not matched by proportional increases in energy demand. Given current power costs, this translates into direct and measurable financial benefits, making grinding optimisation one of the fastest-payback operational initiatives available to cement manufacturers today.

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Concrete

Refractory demands in our kiln have changed

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Radha Singh, Senior Manager (P&Q), Shree Digvijay Cement, points out why performance, predictability and life-cycle value now matter more than routine replacement in cement kilns.

As Indian cement plants push for higher throughput, increased alternative fuel usage and tighter shutdown cycles, refractory performance in kilns and pyro-processing systems is under growing pressure. In this interview, Radha Singh, Senior Manager (P&Q), Shree Digvijay Cement, shares how refractory demands have evolved on the ground and how smarter digital monitoring is improving kiln stability, uptime and clinker quality.

How have refractory demands changed in your kiln and pyro-processing line over the last five years?
Over the last five years, refractory demands in our kiln and pyro line have changed. Earlier, the focus was mostly on standard grades and routine shutdown-based replacement. But now, because of higher production loads, more alternative fuels and raw materials (AFR) usage and greater temperature variation, the expectation from refractory has increased.
In our own case, the current kiln refractory has already completed around 1.5 years, which itself shows how much more we now rely on materials that can handle thermal shock, alkali attack and coating fluctuations. We have moved towards more stable, high-performance linings so that we don’t have to enter the kiln frequently for repairs.
Overall, the shift has been from just ‘installation and run’ to selecting refractories that give longer life, better coating behaviour and more predictable performance under tougher operating conditions.

What are the biggest refractory challenges in the preheater, calciner and cooler zones?
• Preheater: Coating instability, chloride/sulphur cycles and brick erosion.
• Calciner: AFR firing, thermal shock and alkali infiltration.
• Cooler: Severe abrasion, red-river formation and mechanical stress on linings.
Overall, the biggest challenge is maintaining lining stability under highly variable operating conditions.

How do you evaluate and select refractory partners for long-term performance?
In real plant conditions, we don’t select a refractory partner just by looking at price. First, we see their past performance in similar kilns and whether their material has actually survived our operating conditions. We also check how strong their technical support is during shutdowns, because installation quality matters as much as the material itself.
Another key point is how quickly they respond during breakdowns or hot spots. A good partner should be available on short notice. We also look at their failure analysis capability, whether they can explain why a lining failed and suggest improvements.
On top of this, we review the life they delivered in the last few campaigns, their supply reliability and their willingness to offer plant-specific custom solutions instead of generic grades. Only a partner who supports us throughout the life cycle, which includes selection, installation, monitoring and post-failure analysis, fits our long-term requirement.

Can you share a recent example where better refractory selection improved uptime or clinker quality?
Recently, we upgraded to a high-abrasion basic brick at the kiln outlet. Earlier we had frequent chipping and coating loss. With the new lining, thermal stability improved and the coating became much more stable. As a result, our shutdown interval increased and clinker quality remained more consistent. It had a direct impact on our uptime.

How is increased AFR use affecting refractory behaviour?
Increased AFR use is definitely putting more stress on the refractory. The biggest issue we see daily is the rise in chlorine, alkalis and volatiles, which directly attack the lining, especially in the calciner and kiln inlet. AFR firing is also not as stable as conventional fuel, so we face frequent temperature fluctuations, which cause more thermal shock and small cracks in the lining.
Another real problem is coating instability. Some days the coating builds too fast, other days it suddenly drops, and both conditions impact refractory life. We also notice more dust circulation and buildup inside the calciner whenever the AFR mix changes, which again increases erosion.
Because of these practical issues, we have started relying more on alkali-resistant, low-porosity and better thermal shock–resistant materials to handle the additional stress coming from AFR.

What role does digital monitoring or thermal profiling play in your refractory strategy?
Digital tools like kiln shell scanners, IR imaging and thermal profiling help us detect weakening areas much earlier. This reduces unplanned shutdowns, helps identify hotspots accurately and allows us to replace only the critical sections. Overall, our maintenance has shifted from reactive to predictive, improving lining life significantly.

How do you balance cost, durability and installation speed during refractory shutdowns?
We focus on three points:
• Material quality that suits our thermal profile and chemistry.
• Installation speed, in fast turnarounds, we prefer monolithic.
• Life-cycle cost—the cheapest material is not the most economical. We look at durability, future downtime and total cost of ownership.
This balance ensures reliable performance without unnecessary expenditure.

What refractory or pyro-processing innovations could transform Indian cement operations?
Some promising developments include:
• High-performance, low-porosity and nano-bonded refractories
• Precast modular linings to drastically reduce shutdown time
• AI-driven kiln thermal analytics
• Advanced coating management solutions
• More AFR-compatible refractory mixes

These innovations can significantly improve kiln stability, efficiency and maintenance planning across the industry.

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