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Economy & Market

Redefining Mining for Tomorrow

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Sustainable mining is no longer optional but a business imperative. Ramesh Kumar Ajmera, Founder and Director, Balaji PrimeSteel, discusses the innovation, collaboration and accountability that is shaping a low-carbon, circular future.

The mining sector stands at a crossroads, facing unprecedented pressure to balance economic growth with environmental stewardship and social responsibility. Rising regulatory oversight, climate commitments, and demand for ethically sourced minerals are compelling companies to rethink traditional practices. At the same time, technological innovations, cross-industry collaboration and circular economy strategies are unlocking opportunities to reduce waste, lower emissions, and enhance resource efficiency. From smarter exploration to renewable-powered operations and post-mining land rehabilitation, the industry is beginning to chart a path toward sustainability.

Good mining practices
Regulatory pressure and public scrutiny: Governments are tightening environmental regulations (water, air, land), mine-closure obligations, ecosystem/forest protection. At the same time, civil society, Indigenous rights groups, and consumers demand more accountability over environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors.
Climate change and decarbonisation goals: Many countries and companies have net-zero or equivalent targets. Mining is energy-intensive, so reducing emissions (Scope 1, 2, and even 3) is a big motivator for using cleaner energy, more efficient machines, better logistics.
Cost pressures and efficiency: Rising fuel, energy, water costs make inefficiencies expensive. Better resource utilisation, less waste, more automation, etc., often pay off financially.
Demand for ethical / traceable supply chains: Consumers, downstream manufacturers want metals and minerals that are responsibly mined (minimal environmental damage, fair labour practices). Certifications, traceability, and even premiums for greener metals are emerging.
Technological advances: Making sustainable options more feasible innovations in mining tech, data analytics, remote sensing etc.
If things go well, sustainable mining would have many of these features:
Full lifecycle planning from exploration , extraction , processing , closure and reclamation, with financial provisions and community/ ecosystem involvement built in from the start.
Minimal disturbance of ecosystems, protection of biodiversity and water resources. Wherever possible, reduced land footprint, or phased disturbance + restoration.
Energy for mining operations largely from renewable / low-carbon sources; fully electric fleets;
low emissions in all stages including transport and processing.
Zero or minimal water withdrawal from fresh sources; high reuse and recycling; careful treatment of wastewater.
Waste (tailings, overburden etc.) managed safely; turned into useful by-products where possible; stable tailings storage; minimal leakage / runoff.
Transparent operations, good traceability for materials; strong community engagement and fair compensation / benefit sharing; compliance with ESG / social standards.
Innovation in circularity: reuse / recycle secondary materials; use of bio- and phytomining potentially; extracting critical minerals from waste streams.

Challenges for resource-efficient mining
Making mining both resource-efficient and eco-friendly is hindered by interconnected technical, economic, environmental, social and systemic challenges. Technically, declining ore grades require processing larger volumes, which raises energy, water and waste demands. Mining processes remain highly energy-intensive, water scarcity is common in mineral-rich but drought-prone regions, and safe waste disposal through tailings dams is costly and risky. Smaller operators often lack access to automation, artificial intelligence (AI) or waste-recovery technologies, resulting in inefficiency and pollution.
Financially, high capital costs for green technologies, slow ROI, and mineral price volatility make sustainability difficult. Limited subsidies or tax breaks mean eco-friendly methods are more expensive than traditional practices, while compliance with ESG standards and permits adds to costs, discouraging smaller players.
Environmentally, mining causes biodiversity loss, habitat destruction and pollution from dust, effluents, and acid mine drainage. Socially, land acquisition, displacement, indigenous rights and weak governance often spark conflict, while illegal mining and skill shortages hamper progress.
Systemic barriers include poor supply chain traceability, surging demand for critical minerals, and government pressure to prioritise GDP growth over ecological protection. Above all, short-term profit goals outweigh long-term sustainability, slowing transformation across the industry.

Steel and cement collaboration
The steel and cement industries, bound together by raw material needs, energy consumption and waste generation, have immense potential to collaborate on sustainable mining practices and build a circular economy. Both sectors face shared challenges high demand for iron ore, limestone and coal that disturbs land, water-intensive processes that strain local resources, and vast waste streams like slag, fly ash and kiln dust. Instead of operating in silos, they can co-develop integrated mining corridors where iron ore and limestone are extracted side by side, sharing haul roads, beneficiation plants and logistics to minimise environmental footprint and costs.
Waste from one industry can become a valuable resource for the other: blast furnace slag and steel slag feed into cement production, while kiln dust, limestone fines and fly ash can be reused in steelmaking. Joint water treatment and recycling systems, including zero-liquid discharge plants, can cut freshwater withdrawals, while shared renewable energy farms and green logistics like slurry pipelines or electric fleets can drastically lower carbon emissions. Beyond operations, the two industries can pool resources for unified mine rehabilitation, biodiversity restoration and livelihood creation in post-mining zones. With government incentives, industry associations and research support, such collaboration not only
reduces costs and emissions but also enhances community goodwill and accelerates the shift toward responsible growth.

Technology and environmental footprint
Technology has become the backbone of sustainable mining, reshaping how resources are discovered, extracted, processed, and rehabilitated, while drastically reducing the industry s environmental footprint. Smarter exploration tools like satellite imaging, drones and geochemical sensors allow companies to pinpoint rich deposits without disturbing vast tracts of land. Once operations begin, automation and digital mining through autonomous trucks, AI fleet management, and IoT monitoring boost efficiency, cut fuel use and improve compliance with environmental norms. The transition to clean energy is also accelerating, with solar and wind microgrids powering remote mines, while electric and hydrogen-powered fleets phase out diesel.
Water, one of mining s most critical resources, is being conserved through closed-loop recycling, advanced filtration and dry tailings processing, minimising both consumption and pollution. Meanwhile, waste is no longer just a liability: tailings can be dry stacked and reused in construction, steel slag and fly ash are fed into cement production, and bioleaching extracts residual metals from mine waste. Real-time monitoring with IoT sensors, geographic information system (GIS) and blockchain ensures transparency, ethical sourcing, and early detection of violations. Even post-closure, drones, bioremediation and digital land planning support ecological restoration. While high costs and skill gaps slow adoption, technology ultimately acts as both shield and sword reducing harm while driving efficiency and profitability in mining s low-carbon future.

Conclusion
A truly responsible mining ecosystem over the next decade will be one where the extraction of raw materials coexists with ecological restoration, community empowerment, and alignment with global climate goals. By 2035, mining could look radically different driven by renewable-powered operations, circular resource use and digital transparency. Mines would run on solar, wind, and green hydrogen, with electric and hydrogen haul fleets replacing diesel and zero-liquid discharge systems recycling every drop of water. Waste would no longer pile up as a liability; tailings could be repurposed into construction material, slag redirected into cement, and e-waste mined for critical minerals, ensuring that less than five per cent of outputs remain unrecoverable.
Technology would anchor this transformation: AI and digital twins guiding mine design, drones and automation improving precision, and blockchain ensuring full traceability of minerals from pit to product. Communities, once displaced or sidelined, would become co-owners sharing revenues, participating in land restoration and gaining jobs in forestry, renewables and green-tech hubs. Post-mining lands could be reborn as solar parks, aquaculture sites or eco-tourism destinations. With strong ESG regulations, global trade standards and cross-industry collaboration, mining could shift from being seen as destructive to regenerative. In this vision, mining doesn t just extract it gives back, creating net-positive outcomes for people, planet and industry alike.

About the author:
Ramesh Kumaar Ajmera, Founder and Director, Balaji Prime Steels, is a seasoned metallurgical engineer and MBA with global leadership experience at JSW Steel, JSPL, and Ispat-Mittal.

Economy & Market

Smart Pumping for Rock Blasting

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SEEPEX introduces BN pumps with Smart Joint Access (SJA) to improve efficiency, reliability, and inspection speed in demanding rock blasting operations.
Designed for abrasive and chemical media, the solution supports precise dosing, reduced downtime, and enhanced operational safety.

SEEPEX has introduced BN pumps with Smart Joint Access (SJA), engineered for the reliable and precise transfer of abrasive, corrosive, and chemical media in mining and construction. Designed for rock blasting, the pump features a large inspection opening for quick joint checks, a compact footprint for mobile or skid-mounted installations, and flexible drive and material options for consistent performance and uptime.

“Operators can inspect joints quickly and rely on precise pumping of shear-sensitive and abrasive emulsions,” said Magalie Levray, Global Business Development Manager Mining at SEEPEX. “This is particularly critical in rock blasting, where every borehole counts for productivity.” Industry Context

Rock blasting is essential for extracting hard rock and shaping safe excavation profiles in mining and construction. Accurate and consistent loading of explosive emulsions ensures controlled fragmentation, protects personnel, and maximizes productivity. Even minor deviations in pumping can cause delays or reduce product quality. BN pumps with SJA support routine maintenance and pre-operation checks by allowing fast verification of joint integrity, enabling more efficient operations.

Always Inspection Ready

Smart Joint Access is designed for inspection-friendly operations. The large inspection opening in the suction housing provides direct access to both joints, enabling rapid pre-operation checks while maintaining high operational reliability. Technicians can assess joint condition quickly, supporting continuous, reliable operation.

Key Features

  • Compact Footprint: Fits truck-mounted mobile units, skid-mounted systems, and factory installations.
  • Flexible Drive Options: Compact hydraulic drive or electric drive configurations.
  • Hydraulic Efficiency: Low-displacement design reduces oil requirements and supports low total cost of ownership.
  • Equal Wall Stator Design: Ensures high-pressure performance in a compact footprint.
  • Material Flexibility: Stainless steel or steel housings, chrome-plated rotors, and stators in NBR, EPDM, or FKM.

Operators benefit from shorter inspection cycles, reliable dosing, seamless integration, and fast delivery through framework agreements, helping to maintain uptime in critical rock blasting processes.

Applications – Optimized for Rock Blasting

BN pumps with SJA are designed for mining, tunneling, quarrying, civil works, dam construction, and other sectors requiring precise handling of abrasive or chemical media. They provide robust performance while enabling fast, reliable inspection and maintenance.With SJA, operators can quickly access both joints without disassembly, ensuring emulsions are transferred accurately and consistently. This reduces downtime, preserves product integrity, and supports uniform dosing across multiple bore holes.

With the Smart Joint Access inspection opening, operators can quickly access and assess the condition of both joints without disassembly, enabling immediate verification of pump readiness prior to blast hole loading. This allows operators to confirm that emulsions are transferred accurately and consistently, protecting personnel, minimizing product degradation, and maintaining uniform dosing across multiple bore holes.

The combination of equal wall stator design, compact integration, flexible drives, and progressive cavity pump technology ensures continuous, reliable operation even in space-limited, high-pressure environments.

From Inspection to Operation

A leading explosives provider implemented BN pumps with SJA in open pit and underground operations. By replacing legacy pumps, inspection cycles were significantly shortened, allowing crews to complete pre-operation checks and return mobile units to productive work faster. Direct joint access through SJA enabled immediate verification, consistent emulsion dosing, and reduced downtime caused by joint-related deviations.

“The inspection opening gives immediate confidence that each joint is secure before proceeding to bore holes,” said a site technician. “It allows us to act quickly, keeping blasting schedules on track.”

Framework agreements ensured rapid pump supply and minimal downtime, supporting multi-site operations across continents

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Concrete

Digital process control is transforming grinding

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Satish Maheshwari, Chief Manufacturing Officer, Shree Cement, delves into how digital intelligence is transforming cement grinding into a predictive, stable, and energy-efficient operation.

Grinding sits at the heart of cement manufacturing, accounting for the largest share of electrical energy consumption. In this interview, Satish Maheshwari, Chief Manufacturing Officer, Shree Cement, explains how advanced grinding technologies, data-driven optimisation and process intelligence are transforming mill performance, reducing power consumption and supporting the industry’s decarbonisation goals.

How has the grinding process evolved in Indian cement plants to meet rising efficiency and sustainability expectations?
Over the past decade, Indian cement plants have seen a clear evolution in grinding technology, moving from conventional open-circuit ball mills to high-efficiency closed-circuit systems, Roller Press–Ball Mill combinations and Vertical Roller Mills (VRMs). This shift has been supported by advances in separator design, improved wear-resistant materials, and the growing use of digital process automation. As a result, grinding units today operate as highly controlled manufacturing systems where real-time data, process intelligence and efficient separation work together to deliver stable and predictable performance.
From a sustainability perspective, these developments directly reduce specific power consumption, improve equipment reliability and lower the carbon footprint per tonne of cement produced.

How critical is grinding optimisation in reducing specific power consumption across ball mills and VRMs?
Grinding is the largest consumer of electrical energy in a cement plant, which makes optimisation one of the most effective levers for improving energy efficiency. In ball mill systems, optimisation through correct media selection, charge design, diaphragm configuration, ventilation management and separator tuning can typically deliver power savings of 5 per cent to 8 per cent. In VRMs, fine-tuning airflow balance, grinding pressure, nozzle ring settings, and circulating load can unlock energy reductions in the range of 8 per cent to 12 per cent. Across both systems, sustained operation under stable conditions is critical. Consistency in mill loading and operating parameters improves quality control, reduces wear, and enables long-term energy efficiency, making stability a key operational KPI.

What challenges arise in maintaining consistent cement quality when using alternative raw materials and blended compositions?
The increased use of alternative raw materials and supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) introduces variability in chemistry, moisture, hardness, and loss on ignition. This variability makes it more challenging to maintain consistent fineness, particle size distribution, throughput and downstream performance parameters such as setting time, strength development and workability.
As clinker substitution levels rise, grinding precision becomes increasingly important. Even small improvements in consistency enable higher SCM utilisation without compromising cement performance.
Addressing these challenges requires stronger feed homogenisation, real-time quality monitoring and dynamic adjustment of grinding parameters so that output quality remains stable despite changing input characteristics.

How is digital process control changing the way grinding performance is optimised?
Digital process control is transforming grinding from an operator-dependent activity into a predictive, model-driven operation. Technologies such as online particle size and residue analysers, AI-based optimisation platforms, digital twins for VRMs and Roller Press systems, and advanced process control solutions are redefining how performance is managed.
At the same time, workforce roles are evolving. Operators are increasingly focused on interpreting data trends through digital dashboards and responding proactively rather than relying on manual interventions. Together, these tools improve mill stability, enable faster response to disturbances, maintain consistent fineness, and reduce specific energy consumption while minimising manual effort.

How do you see grinding technologies supporting the industry’s low-clinker and decarbonisation goals?
Modern grinding technologies are central to the industry’s decarbonisation efforts. They enable higher incorporation of SCMs such as fly ash, slag, and limestone, improve particle fineness and reactivity, and reduce overall power consumption. Efficient grinding makes it possible to maintain consistent cement quality at lower clinker factors. Every improvement in energy intensity and particle engineering directly contributes to lower CO2 emissions.
As India moves toward low-carbon construction, precision grinding will remain a foundational capability for delivering sustainable, high-performance cement aligned with national and global climate objectives.

How much potential does grinding optimisation hold for immediate energy
and cost savings?
The potential for near-term savings is substantial. Without major capital investment, most plants can achieve 5 per cent to 15 per cent power reduction through measures such as improving separator efficiency, optimising ventilation, refining media grading, and fine-tuning operating parameters.
With continued capacity expansion across India, advanced optimisation tools will help ensure that productivity gains are not matched by proportional increases in energy demand. Given current power costs, this translates into direct and measurable financial benefits, making grinding optimisation one of the fastest-payback operational initiatives available to cement manufacturers today.

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Concrete

Refractory demands in our kiln have changed

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Radha Singh, Senior Manager (P&Q), Shree Digvijay Cement, points out why performance, predictability and life-cycle value now matter more than routine replacement in cement kilns.

As Indian cement plants push for higher throughput, increased alternative fuel usage and tighter shutdown cycles, refractory performance in kilns and pyro-processing systems is under growing pressure. In this interview, Radha Singh, Senior Manager (P&Q), Shree Digvijay Cement, shares how refractory demands have evolved on the ground and how smarter digital monitoring is improving kiln stability, uptime and clinker quality.

How have refractory demands changed in your kiln and pyro-processing line over the last five years?
Over the last five years, refractory demands in our kiln and pyro line have changed. Earlier, the focus was mostly on standard grades and routine shutdown-based replacement. But now, because of higher production loads, more alternative fuels and raw materials (AFR) usage and greater temperature variation, the expectation from refractory has increased.
In our own case, the current kiln refractory has already completed around 1.5 years, which itself shows how much more we now rely on materials that can handle thermal shock, alkali attack and coating fluctuations. We have moved towards more stable, high-performance linings so that we don’t have to enter the kiln frequently for repairs.
Overall, the shift has been from just ‘installation and run’ to selecting refractories that give longer life, better coating behaviour and more predictable performance under tougher operating conditions.

What are the biggest refractory challenges in the preheater, calciner and cooler zones?
• Preheater: Coating instability, chloride/sulphur cycles and brick erosion.
• Calciner: AFR firing, thermal shock and alkali infiltration.
• Cooler: Severe abrasion, red-river formation and mechanical stress on linings.
Overall, the biggest challenge is maintaining lining stability under highly variable operating conditions.

How do you evaluate and select refractory partners for long-term performance?
In real plant conditions, we don’t select a refractory partner just by looking at price. First, we see their past performance in similar kilns and whether their material has actually survived our operating conditions. We also check how strong their technical support is during shutdowns, because installation quality matters as much as the material itself.
Another key point is how quickly they respond during breakdowns or hot spots. A good partner should be available on short notice. We also look at their failure analysis capability, whether they can explain why a lining failed and suggest improvements.
On top of this, we review the life they delivered in the last few campaigns, their supply reliability and their willingness to offer plant-specific custom solutions instead of generic grades. Only a partner who supports us throughout the life cycle, which includes selection, installation, monitoring and post-failure analysis, fits our long-term requirement.

Can you share a recent example where better refractory selection improved uptime or clinker quality?
Recently, we upgraded to a high-abrasion basic brick at the kiln outlet. Earlier we had frequent chipping and coating loss. With the new lining, thermal stability improved and the coating became much more stable. As a result, our shutdown interval increased and clinker quality remained more consistent. It had a direct impact on our uptime.

How is increased AFR use affecting refractory behaviour?
Increased AFR use is definitely putting more stress on the refractory. The biggest issue we see daily is the rise in chlorine, alkalis and volatiles, which directly attack the lining, especially in the calciner and kiln inlet. AFR firing is also not as stable as conventional fuel, so we face frequent temperature fluctuations, which cause more thermal shock and small cracks in the lining.
Another real problem is coating instability. Some days the coating builds too fast, other days it suddenly drops, and both conditions impact refractory life. We also notice more dust circulation and buildup inside the calciner whenever the AFR mix changes, which again increases erosion.
Because of these practical issues, we have started relying more on alkali-resistant, low-porosity and better thermal shock–resistant materials to handle the additional stress coming from AFR.

What role does digital monitoring or thermal profiling play in your refractory strategy?
Digital tools like kiln shell scanners, IR imaging and thermal profiling help us detect weakening areas much earlier. This reduces unplanned shutdowns, helps identify hotspots accurately and allows us to replace only the critical sections. Overall, our maintenance has shifted from reactive to predictive, improving lining life significantly.

How do you balance cost, durability and installation speed during refractory shutdowns?
We focus on three points:
• Material quality that suits our thermal profile and chemistry.
• Installation speed, in fast turnarounds, we prefer monolithic.
• Life-cycle cost—the cheapest material is not the most economical. We look at durability, future downtime and total cost of ownership.
This balance ensures reliable performance without unnecessary expenditure.

What refractory or pyro-processing innovations could transform Indian cement operations?
Some promising developments include:
• High-performance, low-porosity and nano-bonded refractories
• Precast modular linings to drastically reduce shutdown time
• AI-driven kiln thermal analytics
• Advanced coating management solutions
• More AFR-compatible refractory mixes

These innovations can significantly improve kiln stability, efficiency and maintenance planning across the industry.

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