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A cement plant is a high energy intensive unit

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Pankaj Kejriwal, Managing Director, Star Cement, delves into the importance of optimising refractories to make cement manufacturing more cost efficient and eco-friendly.

Tell us about the role of energy in the manufacturing of cement? What is the volume of energy consumption?
A cement plant is a high energy intensive unit. For manufacturing of cement, both thermal energy and electrical energy is required. In the year 2022-23, thermal energy consumption was 27.50 lakh mKcal (82 per cent of total energy) and electrical energy consumption was 5.97 lakh mKcal (18 per cent of total energy). In the cement industry, about 60 kWh of electrical energy is consumed to produce one ton of cement.
The power consumption pattern is as follows:

What are the various modes of energy sources used by your organisation for its manufacturing needs?
The electrical power is taken from various sources such as IEX through open access from state electricity grid and our own captive coal/biomass fuel based thermal power plant, bamboo chips and AFR like RDF is also being used in our plants. We have recently commissioned a 12.3 MW waste heat recovery system (WHRS) plant, and another 12.5 MW WHRS plant is in the pipeline. We are also installing about 15 MW of solar power plant.
The thermal energy is produced by coal in kiln. Linkage coal is utilised in kiln along with various local or purchased coal.

Which of the said energy sources yields maximum productivity for the plant and which yields the least?
Coal, pet coke and electricity are the dominant energy sources used in cement plants, although plants will burn a variety of other fuels, including tires, biomass, RDF and other waste fuels.
As per the mentioned energy sources, WHRS with CPP is our first priority whereas grid (IEX) power is the least priority energy source. As an AFR, we are using bamboo chips, bamboo briquettes and waste plastic bags in our plant. The green energy sources have large impact on the productivity and cost of cement manufacturing. It reduces the carbon emission. As a cost impact, it reduces power cost by 12 per cent in CPP and 1.5 per cent in process plant approximately.

What are the alternative energy sources that are being adapted by the cement industry and your organisation?
The main alternative fuels used in cement industry are residue oil and solvents, contaminated garbage, process waste from food industry / pharma industry, used tires and rubber waste, plastic waste, sewage sludge and waste animal meal. Star Cement uses alternative energy sources such as biomass like municipal waste, bamboo chips and are also installing a 15 MW solar energy plant.

What is the impact of greener energy sources on the productivity and cost of cement manufacturing?
Alternative fuels utilisation in cement industry reduces the production cost and also reduces the coal requirement, coal handling/grinding etc.

How does automation and technology help in optimising the use of energy in cement plants?
By leveraging the power of automation and AI-driven analytics, the cement industry can reduce maintenance costs, enhance equipment reliability, and achieve higher energy efficiency, ultimately leading to improved productivity and profitability.
We are also focusing on automation and technology up gradation to optimise the use of energy in cement plants. To achieve this, various steps has been taken towards energy conservation and technology absorption, few are as mentioned below:
• Installed VFD in Primary Air blower by which control the rpm of blower as per process requirement and saved the energy 86,000 kWh per year.
• Optimisation of RABH purging operation. Total power saving is 2,80,000 kwh per year.
• VFD installed in VRM bag filter of 55 Kw motor, by which saving achieved 7920 kWh per year.
• Increased clinker production and optimised
the running of the different circuits, by which specific power consumption is reduced by 1.08 kwh/MT clinker.
• Optimised the coal firing system and higher clinker production reduced the specific heat consumption by 7 Kcal/kg clinker.
• Installed tertiary crusher in raw mill circuit, thereby increasing ball mill output and reducing power consumption b 2 KW / tonne of raw meal.

What are the major challenges your organisation faces in managing the energy needs of cement manufacturers?
The major challenges for our organisation in managing the energy needs for the cement manufacturing process is the less availability of alternative fuels in plant locality. The segregation of waste is yet to improve and also the Polluter Pay Principle is not being implemented effectively,
thereby increasing the cost of alternative fuel at our factory gate.
Cement industry have a long way to go as far as alternate fuel and raw material usage is concerned.
In spite of several policy, regulatory or technological barriers that industry is facing, now is the opportune time for the Indian cement industry to focus all its efforts in furthering AFR utilisation in its processes.

Tell us about the compliance and standards followed by you to maintain energy use and efficiency in the organisation?
Our organisation is a designated consumer under PAT cycle 2 and 3. We are following all the compliance and standards as per BEE guidelines to achieve our Specific Energy Consumption targets as directed by Bureau of Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Power, Government of India.
As per BEE guidelines Mandatory Energy Audit, monitoring and verification audits are conducted to ensure optimum use of energy after every three years. We have also conducted detailed energy audit by CII, Hyderabad, in May 2023 as an additional exercise.

What kind of innovations in the area of energy consumption do you wish to see in the cement industry?
Use of solar power, hydrogen fuel and maximising the use of AFR are the areas of innovations, we wish to see in the cement industry in near future. Also increasing the efficiency of WHR boilers will help in better recovering the waste heat.
Along with cheaper and greener fuel sources, we would like technology to further reduce the
energy consumption in the grinding process.
Usage of alternative materials, which reduce the overall clinker component in blended cement like LC3 will also go a long way in reducing the
energy requirements.

-Kanika Mathur

Concrete

PROMECON introduces infrared-based tertiary air measurement system for cement kilns

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The new solution promisescontinuous, real-time tertiary air flow measurement in cement plant operations.

PROMECON GmbH has launched the McON IR Compact, an infrared-based measuring system designed to deliver continuous, real-time tertiary air flow measurement in cement plant operations. The system addresses the longstanding process control challenge of accurate tertiary air monitoring under extreme kiln conditions. It uses patented infrared time-of-flight measurement technology that operates without calibration or maintenance intervention.

Precise tertiary air measurement is a critical requirement for stable rotary kiln operation. The McON IR Compact is engineered to function reliably at temperatures up to 1,200°C and in the presence of abrasive clinker dust. Its vector-based digital measurement architecture ensures that readings remain unaffected by swirl, dust deposits or drift. Due to these conditions conventional measurement systems in pyroprocess environments are often compromised.

The system is fully non-intrusive and requires no K-factors, recalibration or periodic readjustment, enabling years of uninterrupted operation. This design directly supports plant availability and reduces the maintenance overhead typically associated with process instrumentation in high-temperature zones.

PROMECON has deployed the McON IR Compact at multiple cement facilities, including Warta Cement in Poland. Plant operators report that the system has aided in identifying blockages, optimising purging cycles for gas burners, and supplying accurate flow data for AI-based process optimisation programmes. The practical outcomes include more stable kiln operation, improved process control, and earlier detection of process disturbances.

On the energy side, real-time tertiary air data enables reduction in induced draft fan load and helps flatten process oscillations across the pyroprocess. This translates to lower fuel and energy consumption, fewer unplanned shutdowns, and a measurable reduction in NOx peaks. This directly reflects on the downstream cost implications for plants operating SCR or SNCR systems for emissions compliance.

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Concrete

Adani Group To Set Up Cement Factory In Madhya Pradesh

Chief Minister Mohan Yadav inaugurates plant in Guna

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Adani Group (Adani) will set up a cement factory in Madhya Pradesh, the chief minister of the state announced after an inauguration ceremony in Guna. The chief minister, Mohan Yadav, described the occasion as a historic day for the state and said the project will strengthen industrial capacity. The event was presented as a milestone in efforts to broaden manufacturing and attract large-scale investment. Officials said the facility will add to regional production capability and support related industries.

State officials outlined that the plant will enhance supply chains for construction and infrastructure projects across the region. The company will bring technical expertise and logistical resources to the site, with government agencies coordinating approvals and land allocation. Local suppliers and service providers will benefit from increased demand, and training initiatives will be developed to build workforce readiness. Officials indicated that the project complements broader plans to modernise industrial clusters in the state.

The state administration said it has facilitated clearances and infrastructure support to accelerate implementation. Local officials have coordinated with the company to ensure connectivity and utilities are in place ahead of commissioning. The chief minister emphasised that collaboration between private investors and the government aims to create sustainable economic growth. Community outreach programmes will address local concerns and establish grievance mechanisms as construction proceeds.

Officials said the inauguration in Guna marks a new phase in the state industrial story and will serve as a reference for future investments. Administrators noted that close monitoring and periodic reviews will guide timely execution and adherence to environmental and safety norms. The government affirmed its commitment to facilitating responsible industrial expansion while ensuring benefits reach local communities. Stakeholders will continue discussions on supply chain integration and long term maintenance arrangements.

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Concrete

Railways Boost Cement Movement by 170 Per Cent and Eye Fly Ash

New container wagons cut costs and speed turnaround

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Indian Railways has recorded a 170 per cent rise in cement movement in the last four months after reforms launched in November to promote rail based bulk cement logistics. The Union Railway Minister, Ashwini Vaishnaw, reviewed the container sector reforms and their implementation and described the shift as improving plant to market efficiency. The reforms introduced customised bulk cement tank containers and a bulk cement terminal policy to support multimodal handling and door to door solutions.

The new system has simplified loading and unloading by enabling mechanised operations and by reducing package losses compared with bagged cement transport. Since cement can move directly from manufacturing centres to consumption centres in standardised tank containers compatible with Ready Mix Concrete machines, two stages of handling have been eliminated and material loss has been reduced. The standard shape of the containers facilitates faster turnaround and lowers logistics costs for suppliers and builders.

The improved freight turnaround is helping to lower the delivered cost of cement, which can ease pressure on housing costs for the poor and middle class and support affordable construction. The reform is said to be environment friendly as dust generation during material transfer has fallen and fuel consumption and emissions have reduced due to modal shift from road to rail. The Make in India tank containers are designed for seamless movement between train and trailer and to enable efficient door to door movement while cutting congestion on roads.

Building on the cement reforms, officials were urged to tap the fly ash transportation market to convert industrial waste into national wealth. The minister noted that nearly 300 million metric tonnes (mn t) of fly ash is produced in the country while only about 13 million t is transported by rail and asked officials to substantially increase Railways share to serve brick kilns, cement industries and construction sites. Wider utilisation of fly ash should reduce pollution, promote recycling and lower construction material costs while strengthening sustainable freight movement across infrastructure sectors.

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