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Concrete

Reducing Carbon Emissions with SCMs

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Jens Mose and John Terembula, Product Line Management, FLSmidth A/S, introduce the type and availability of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in this first part of a three-part article about the potential to increase the use of SCMs to reduce carbon emissions from cement manufacture. You will find parts two and three in the September and October issues of Indian Cement Review.

While much has been done to reduce emissions from cement production, the calcination of limestone is still a major contributor of harmful pollutants and must be addressed if cement manufacturers are to meet their sustainability targets. Fortunately, a number of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) are available, which enable cement manufacturers to replace clinker and thus reduce CO2 emissions. However, adoption of these SCMs varies widely on a regional basis. In India and Brazil, for example, it is common to use fly ash and slag to reduce the clinker factor to as little as 65 per cent. In the US, however, the clinker factor remains high at around 95 per cent.
Worldwide, according to the Climate Technology Centre and Network, the ‘average clinker/cement ratio is about 0.81, with the balance comprising gypsum and additives such as blast furnace slag, fly ash, and natural pozzolana.’ The UNEP-sponsored white paper ‘Eco-efficient cements: Potential economically viable solutions for a low-CO2 cement-based materials industry’ suggests a reasonable worldwide average of 0.60 is achievable by 2050.
But how do we get to this figure? With many decades’ experience grinding a wide range of different materials in vertical roller mills, ball mills and hydraulic roller presses, FLSmidth is in a position to share our knowhow to help the industry make strides in reducing its carbon footprint.

Types of SCMs
SCMs include both naturally occurring materials and byproducts of other industrial processes. The Global Cement and Concrete Association (GCCA) groups SCMs according to how they harden : hydraulic SCMs harden in the presence of water (like Portland cement) and include granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) and burnt shale oil. Pozzolanic materials require the additional presence of dissolved calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) – a byproduct of the hydration of Portland cement – in order to harden. These include fly ash, silica fume, calcined clays, burnt rice husk and natural pozzolans. Hydraulic cements have a higher early age strength, while pozzolans continue to gain strength for a longer period, giving a higher long-term concrete strength. Both have been proven in construction applications. Limestone is not classified as either hydraulic or pozzolanic but also contributes to the hardening of concrete, putting it in an SCM category all of its own.

Table 1: Common types of SCMs

Find parts two and three of this article in the September and October issues of Indian Cement Review:
Part 2: Equipment selection for SCM grinding, Indian Cement Review, September 2023
Part 3: Expanding SCM use in the future, Indian Cement Review, October 2023

1 https://www.ctc-n.org/technologies/clinker-replacement
2 https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/25281/eco_efficient_cements.pdf
3 https://gccassociation.org/sustainability-innovation/health-safety-cement-innovation/clinker-substitutes/

Concrete

Dalmia Acquires Five Point Two MnTPA Cement Assets in Central Region

Acquisition adds capacity, power and rail access

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Dalmia Cement (Bharat) Limited (DCBL) executed a business transfer agreement on 21 May 2026 to acquire a cement undertaking from Jaiprakash Associates Limited (JAL) and Adani Infra (India) Limited. The assets include plants at Rewa in Madhya Pradesh and Churk, Chunar and Sadwa in Uttar Pradesh with five point two million tonnes per annum (mn tpa) cement capacity and three point three mn tpa clinker capacity, plus 99 megawatt (MW) thermal power and railway sidings. The transaction carries an enterprise value of Rs 28.5 billion (bn).

DCBL, a wholly owned subsidiary of Dalmia Bharat Limited (DBL), will see cement capacity rise to 54.7 mn tpa on completion. Ongoing expansions at Belgaum, Pune and Kadapa are expected to raise capacity to 66.7 mn tpa by the second to third quarter of fiscal 2028. The company said the transaction would be consummated within two weeks.

The deal follows a framework signed in December 2022 to settle long running disputes with JAL, including a long term clinker supply arrangement. Completion was delayed when JAL entered insolvency and the earlier sale did not finalise. Following approval of a resolution plan under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, DCBL executed a fresh business transfer agreement to resolve pending legal and arbitral matters.

Company statements described the acquisition as strategic, accelerating access to central markets compared with a greenfield route and offering scope for expansion through debottlenecking and brownfield investment. Proximity to the company’s captive mines and established vendor relationships should support faster ramp up. The assets should augment EBITDA delivery and enhance returns by enabling entry into newer markets with relatively better prices.

Senior executives said the addition aligned with a long term plan to build a pan India presence and would provide a head start in central markets. They noted that familiarity with the plants under earlier tolling arrangements offers operational insight and strengthens channel relationships, supporting quicker market entry. Management expressed confidence that the assets’ expansion potential would generate value for stakeholders.

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Concrete

Ramco Cements Reports FY26 Revenue Growth And Higher Profit

Net debt reduced as exceptional items boost FY26 earnings

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Ramco Cements reported standalone audited results for FY26 with net revenue of Rs 90,560 million (mn) and profit after tax of Rs 6,940 mn. EBIDTA rose to Rs 14,820 mn and blended EBIDTA per tonne was Rs 788 on a two per cent volume rise to 18.81 million (mn) tonne (t). Cement revenue increased by five per cent and construction chemicals revenue rose by 66 per cent.

Raw material cost per tonne rose to Rs 1,023 from Rs 956 mainly due to a mineral bearing land tax of Rs 160 per t in Tamil Nadu, adding about Rs 86 per t. Power and fuel cost per tonne fell to Rs 1,098 from Rs 1,123 with petcoke mix down to 47 per cent and green power up to 40 per cent.

Profit before tax after exceptional items was Rs 8,790 mn. Net exceptional items were Rs 5,530 mn, including Rs 5,740 mn from sale of surplus land and Rs 200 mn of past service cost. The company monetised Rs 10,980 mn from non core asset sales over the past two years and recorded capex of Rs 9,970 mn, with guidance of Rs 8,000 mn for FY27.

Net debt fell by Rs 8,170 mn to Rs 36,640 mn at 31 March 2026 and cost of debt eased to 7.29 per cent, reducing net debt to EBIDTA to 2.47 times. Management indicated the full impact of higher fuel costs is expected from Q2 FY27, while packing and diesel cost increases will be visible in Q1 FY27. The board has proposed a dividend of Rs two point five zero per equity share and the company flagged risks from elevated fuel and logistics costs, commodity volatility and competitive pricing.

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Concrete

Dalmia Cement to Acquire 5.2 MnTPA Capacity

Deal covers cement assets in Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh

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Dalmia Cement (Bharat), a wholly owned subsidiary of Dalmia Bharat, has executed a Business Transfer Agreement with Jaiprakash Associates and Adani Infra (India) to acquire cement assets with 5.2 MnTPA capacity in the Central region.

The acquisition covers cement plants located at Rewa in Madhya Pradesh, and Churk, Chunar and Sadwa in Uttar Pradesh. The assets include 5.2 MnTPA cement capacity, 3.3 MnTPA clinker capacity, 99 MW thermal power capacity, railway sidings at Rewa and Chunar, and a common railway siding at Churk. The enterprise value of the transaction is Rs 28.5 billion.

Following completion of the transaction, Dalmia Bharat’s cement capacity will increase to 54.7 MnTPA. Its ongoing expansion projects at Belgaum, Pune and Kadapa are expected to further raise capacity to 66.7 MnTPA by the second or third quarter of FY28. The transaction is expected to be completed within two weeks.

Dalmia Cement had entered into a framework agreement with Jaiprakash Associates in December 2022 for the sale of business assets and related agreements, including a business transfer agreement and cement sale purchase agreement. The agreements were intended to settle disputes between the parties, including those under the long-term clinker supply agreement. However, the transaction could not be completed after Jaiprakash Associates was admitted to insolvency.

Following approval of the Adani Group’s resolution plan for Jaiprakash Associates under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, Dalmia Cement requested that the earlier agreement be considered to settle pending disputes. The company has now executed a fresh Business Transfer Agreement with Jaiprakash Associates and Adani Infra (India) for the cement undertaking.

The acquisition supports Dalmia Bharat’s strategy to become a pan-India cement player and provides faster access to Central markets compared to a greenfield project. The assets also offer expansion potential through debottlenecking and brownfield development.

Puneet Dalmia, Managing Director and CEO, Dalmia Bharat, said the assets are a strong strategic fit and will help the company serve high-potential markets in the Central region. He added that the expansion potential of the assets and their proximity to Dalmia’s captive mines could help create a future capacity hub.

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