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Industrial relations practices of AIOE award-winning enterprises

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To promote effective industrial relations practices within enterprises in India, the All India Organisation of Employers (AIOE), which was born in 1932 and is an allied body of the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI), Delhi confers National Award for Outstanding Industrial Relations (IR) Practices in enterprises every year from 1982.

AIOE invites applications from enterprises operating in any sector in India in a specified format. The enterprises have to initially compete regionally and then nationally. The regionally selected enterprises qualify to compete for the national award. This year both the regional as well as the national competition was undertaken online because of the Covid-19 pandemic. For the 2018-19 Award, there were eleven enterprises (i.e. Bayer Vapi, E.I.D. Parry

(India), GAIL (India), Hindalco Industries, Renukoot, Hyundai Motor India, ITC – Paper Boards and Speciality Papers Division ??Unit Bhadrachalam, Lucas TVS, NLC India, Piramal Glass, Tata Steel and Titan Company ??Watch Division) that qualified for the final round to compete for the National Industrial Relations Award. Enterprises had submitted their write-ups in a specified format, and teams which in some cases also included trade union office bearers made online presentations on September 12, 2020 to the three-member jury. All the eleven enterprises have developed effective industrial relations practices about, which they elaborated in their writeup as well as in the presentations where the jury members sought clarifications.

The award-winning enterprises in order of ranking chosen by the jury members, were based on the situation through which the enterprises went through, their writeup and the presentation on September 12, 2020 and the results are given below:

(i) ITC – Paper Boards and Speciality Papers Division ??Unit Bhadrachalam, Winner

(ii) NLC India, First Runner-up

(iii) Lucas TVS, Second Runner-up

Conclusion

Each of the three enterprises operates in different sectors (i.e. paper, mining plus power generation and automotive component) of the Indian economy. Contract labour is prevalent in all enterprises and the winner enterprise ITC – Paper Boards and Speciality Papers Division ??Unit Bhadrachalam, has identified a unique way of absorbing some of the contract labour which is elaborated in the annexure. Each of these three enterprises have ensured that the enterprise produces products / service meeting customer needs involving timely delivery in required quantity, specified quality and at competitive price.

Each of the three enterprises has ensured that the operations are viable and generates a reasonable cash surplus, to meet each of the stake holders??expectation including those of the workers and the contract labour. Each of these three enterprises had their trials and tribulations in industrial relations, two of them in a multi union situation and one in a single union situation. All three have a healthy industrial relations climate for the last five years ensuring uninterrupted operations.

In each of the three enterprises, there is a lot of emphasis on communication with the employee through various activities, so as to build an effective relationship for meeting the aspirations of the employees, at the same time ensuring success and growth of the enterprise. Also, each of the three enterprises have kept the employees well informed about business realities such as business plan, quality, delivery, safety, unit ??productivity and actions to be taken to improve performance, and in certain cases market visits by employees and their interaction with customers etc. Employees receiving such information, facilitates them in perceiving that they are given due importance and considered an integral part of the enterprise.

Each of the three enterprises has its own history on the industrial relations front that was prevalent in the past and the steps the management has taken to improve it for the future. The strategy for improving industrial relations climate by each of the three enterprises is specific to the environment in which it operates. The Industrial Relations strategy in each enterprise that is effective is dependent on the approaches of the management, trade unions, the workers and the contract workers of those enterprises which can be read in the attached annexure. The practices of the three award winning enterprises listed in the attached annexure can be useful for personnel of other enterprises to study, evaluate and adapt, for improving Industrial Relations in their enterprises.

ITC

ITC Limited ??Paper Boards and Speciality Papers Division ??Unit Bhadrachalam, is India?? largest, technologically advanced and most eco friendly paper division. The unit located at Bhadrachalam, is in the Indian state of Telangana. The plant is India?? largest integrated paper and paperboard manufacturing unit. Currently the unit produces high ??end virgin and recycled boards for packaging and graphic applications, and fine printing papers.

The unit in Bhadrachalam has 19 registered unions (14 unions of enterprise workers and 5 unions of contract workers). These 19 registered unions are affiliated to different National and State level unions. The recognised union is elected through a secret ballot, where majority union is given the recognition for collective bargaining. The current recognised union is ITC Bhadrachalam Paperboards Employee Union which is an amalgamation of 6 unions i.e. Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC), Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS), All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC), Bhartiya Mazdoor Sangh (BMS), Yuvajana Shramika Rythu (YSR) and Independent. The trade unions are being managed by in-house leadership. The plant has 1,437 unionised employees (1323 employees & 114 are Badlis) plus 3,200 contract labour (i.e. employees of service providers).

NLC India Limited, First Runner-up

NLC India (NLCIL), a ??avratna??Government of India Enterprise, with a present annual turnover of Rs 71. 46 billion with profit before tax of Rs 25.29 billion for 2018-19. NLCL is under the administrative control of Ministry of Coal and has a chequered history since its inception in 1956. NLCIL has three opencast lignite mines of total capacity of 28.5 million tonne per year in Neyveli, Tamil Nadu and one open cast lignite mine of capacity 2.1 million tonne per annum at Barsingsar, Rajasthan. It has six pithead thermal power stations with aggregate capacity of 4640 MW.

Lucas TVS Limited, Second Runner-up

Lucas TVS Ltd was established in 1962 as a Joint Venture between Lucas Plc. UK and TVS Group, India. In the year 2001 Lucas TVS Ltd became a wholly owned company of TVS Group, as Lucas the parent company ceased to exist worldwide. Lucas TVS develops and integrates their products in the vehicles and equipment, from the design stage onwards and carries out application engineering, development, manufacturing and service. The company developed innovative products, manufacturing systems and processes, which had brought growth in business and this helped Lucas TVS being one of the few companies in the World to be awarded the Deming Application Prize and the Deming Grand Prize, by Union of Japanese Scientists & Engineers and setting benchmarks in the industry. The company is currently supplying to over 90% of automotive manufacturers in India and also exporting to North America and Europe.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Dr Rajen Mehrotra is Past President of Industrial Relations Institute of India (IRII), Former Senior Employers??Specialist for South Asian Region with Internation.al Labour Organization (ILO) and Former Corporate Head of HR with ACC and Former Corporate Head of Manufacturing and HR with Novartis India Ltd. EMail: rajenmehrotra@gmail.com.

Published in October 2020 issue of Current Labour Reports.

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Economy & Market

Smart Pumping for Rock Blasting

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SEEPEX introduces BN pumps with Smart Joint Access (SJA) to improve efficiency, reliability, and inspection speed in demanding rock blasting operations.
Designed for abrasive and chemical media, the solution supports precise dosing, reduced downtime, and enhanced operational safety.

SEEPEX has introduced BN pumps with Smart Joint Access (SJA), engineered for the reliable and precise transfer of abrasive, corrosive, and chemical media in mining and construction. Designed for rock blasting, the pump features a large inspection opening for quick joint checks, a compact footprint for mobile or skid-mounted installations, and flexible drive and material options for consistent performance and uptime.

“Operators can inspect joints quickly and rely on precise pumping of shear-sensitive and abrasive emulsions,” said Magalie Levray, Global Business Development Manager Mining at SEEPEX. “This is particularly critical in rock blasting, where every borehole counts for productivity.” Industry Context

Rock blasting is essential for extracting hard rock and shaping safe excavation profiles in mining and construction. Accurate and consistent loading of explosive emulsions ensures controlled fragmentation, protects personnel, and maximizes productivity. Even minor deviations in pumping can cause delays or reduce product quality. BN pumps with SJA support routine maintenance and pre-operation checks by allowing fast verification of joint integrity, enabling more efficient operations.

Always Inspection Ready

Smart Joint Access is designed for inspection-friendly operations. The large inspection opening in the suction housing provides direct access to both joints, enabling rapid pre-operation checks while maintaining high operational reliability. Technicians can assess joint condition quickly, supporting continuous, reliable operation.

Key Features

  • Compact Footprint: Fits truck-mounted mobile units, skid-mounted systems, and factory installations.
  • Flexible Drive Options: Compact hydraulic drive or electric drive configurations.
  • Hydraulic Efficiency: Low-displacement design reduces oil requirements and supports low total cost of ownership.
  • Equal Wall Stator Design: Ensures high-pressure performance in a compact footprint.
  • Material Flexibility: Stainless steel or steel housings, chrome-plated rotors, and stators in NBR, EPDM, or FKM.

Operators benefit from shorter inspection cycles, reliable dosing, seamless integration, and fast delivery through framework agreements, helping to maintain uptime in critical rock blasting processes.

Applications – Optimized for Rock Blasting

BN pumps with SJA are designed for mining, tunneling, quarrying, civil works, dam construction, and other sectors requiring precise handling of abrasive or chemical media. They provide robust performance while enabling fast, reliable inspection and maintenance.With SJA, operators can quickly access both joints without disassembly, ensuring emulsions are transferred accurately and consistently. This reduces downtime, preserves product integrity, and supports uniform dosing across multiple bore holes.

With the Smart Joint Access inspection opening, operators can quickly access and assess the condition of both joints without disassembly, enabling immediate verification of pump readiness prior to blast hole loading. This allows operators to confirm that emulsions are transferred accurately and consistently, protecting personnel, minimizing product degradation, and maintaining uniform dosing across multiple bore holes.

The combination of equal wall stator design, compact integration, flexible drives, and progressive cavity pump technology ensures continuous, reliable operation even in space-limited, high-pressure environments.

From Inspection to Operation

A leading explosives provider implemented BN pumps with SJA in open pit and underground operations. By replacing legacy pumps, inspection cycles were significantly shortened, allowing crews to complete pre-operation checks and return mobile units to productive work faster. Direct joint access through SJA enabled immediate verification, consistent emulsion dosing, and reduced downtime caused by joint-related deviations.

“The inspection opening gives immediate confidence that each joint is secure before proceeding to bore holes,” said a site technician. “It allows us to act quickly, keeping blasting schedules on track.”

Framework agreements ensured rapid pump supply and minimal downtime, supporting multi-site operations across continents

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Concrete

Digital process control is transforming grinding

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Satish Maheshwari, Chief Manufacturing Officer, Shree Cement, delves into how digital intelligence is transforming cement grinding into a predictive, stable, and energy-efficient operation.

Grinding sits at the heart of cement manufacturing, accounting for the largest share of electrical energy consumption. In this interview, Satish Maheshwari, Chief Manufacturing Officer, Shree Cement, explains how advanced grinding technologies, data-driven optimisation and process intelligence are transforming mill performance, reducing power consumption and supporting the industry’s decarbonisation goals.

How has the grinding process evolved in Indian cement plants to meet rising efficiency and sustainability expectations?
Over the past decade, Indian cement plants have seen a clear evolution in grinding technology, moving from conventional open-circuit ball mills to high-efficiency closed-circuit systems, Roller Press–Ball Mill combinations and Vertical Roller Mills (VRMs). This shift has been supported by advances in separator design, improved wear-resistant materials, and the growing use of digital process automation. As a result, grinding units today operate as highly controlled manufacturing systems where real-time data, process intelligence and efficient separation work together to deliver stable and predictable performance.
From a sustainability perspective, these developments directly reduce specific power consumption, improve equipment reliability and lower the carbon footprint per tonne of cement produced.

How critical is grinding optimisation in reducing specific power consumption across ball mills and VRMs?
Grinding is the largest consumer of electrical energy in a cement plant, which makes optimisation one of the most effective levers for improving energy efficiency. In ball mill systems, optimisation through correct media selection, charge design, diaphragm configuration, ventilation management and separator tuning can typically deliver power savings of 5 per cent to 8 per cent. In VRMs, fine-tuning airflow balance, grinding pressure, nozzle ring settings, and circulating load can unlock energy reductions in the range of 8 per cent to 12 per cent. Across both systems, sustained operation under stable conditions is critical. Consistency in mill loading and operating parameters improves quality control, reduces wear, and enables long-term energy efficiency, making stability a key operational KPI.

What challenges arise in maintaining consistent cement quality when using alternative raw materials and blended compositions?
The increased use of alternative raw materials and supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) introduces variability in chemistry, moisture, hardness, and loss on ignition. This variability makes it more challenging to maintain consistent fineness, particle size distribution, throughput and downstream performance parameters such as setting time, strength development and workability.
As clinker substitution levels rise, grinding precision becomes increasingly important. Even small improvements in consistency enable higher SCM utilisation without compromising cement performance.
Addressing these challenges requires stronger feed homogenisation, real-time quality monitoring and dynamic adjustment of grinding parameters so that output quality remains stable despite changing input characteristics.

How is digital process control changing the way grinding performance is optimised?
Digital process control is transforming grinding from an operator-dependent activity into a predictive, model-driven operation. Technologies such as online particle size and residue analysers, AI-based optimisation platforms, digital twins for VRMs and Roller Press systems, and advanced process control solutions are redefining how performance is managed.
At the same time, workforce roles are evolving. Operators are increasingly focused on interpreting data trends through digital dashboards and responding proactively rather than relying on manual interventions. Together, these tools improve mill stability, enable faster response to disturbances, maintain consistent fineness, and reduce specific energy consumption while minimising manual effort.

How do you see grinding technologies supporting the industry’s low-clinker and decarbonisation goals?
Modern grinding technologies are central to the industry’s decarbonisation efforts. They enable higher incorporation of SCMs such as fly ash, slag, and limestone, improve particle fineness and reactivity, and reduce overall power consumption. Efficient grinding makes it possible to maintain consistent cement quality at lower clinker factors. Every improvement in energy intensity and particle engineering directly contributes to lower CO2 emissions.
As India moves toward low-carbon construction, precision grinding will remain a foundational capability for delivering sustainable, high-performance cement aligned with national and global climate objectives.

How much potential does grinding optimisation hold for immediate energy
and cost savings?
The potential for near-term savings is substantial. Without major capital investment, most plants can achieve 5 per cent to 15 per cent power reduction through measures such as improving separator efficiency, optimising ventilation, refining media grading, and fine-tuning operating parameters.
With continued capacity expansion across India, advanced optimisation tools will help ensure that productivity gains are not matched by proportional increases in energy demand. Given current power costs, this translates into direct and measurable financial benefits, making grinding optimisation one of the fastest-payback operational initiatives available to cement manufacturers today.

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Concrete

Refractory demands in our kiln have changed

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Radha Singh, Senior Manager (P&Q), Shree Digvijay Cement, points out why performance, predictability and life-cycle value now matter more than routine replacement in cement kilns.

As Indian cement plants push for higher throughput, increased alternative fuel usage and tighter shutdown cycles, refractory performance in kilns and pyro-processing systems is under growing pressure. In this interview, Radha Singh, Senior Manager (P&Q), Shree Digvijay Cement, shares how refractory demands have evolved on the ground and how smarter digital monitoring is improving kiln stability, uptime and clinker quality.

How have refractory demands changed in your kiln and pyro-processing line over the last five years?
Over the last five years, refractory demands in our kiln and pyro line have changed. Earlier, the focus was mostly on standard grades and routine shutdown-based replacement. But now, because of higher production loads, more alternative fuels and raw materials (AFR) usage and greater temperature variation, the expectation from refractory has increased.
In our own case, the current kiln refractory has already completed around 1.5 years, which itself shows how much more we now rely on materials that can handle thermal shock, alkali attack and coating fluctuations. We have moved towards more stable, high-performance linings so that we don’t have to enter the kiln frequently for repairs.
Overall, the shift has been from just ‘installation and run’ to selecting refractories that give longer life, better coating behaviour and more predictable performance under tougher operating conditions.

What are the biggest refractory challenges in the preheater, calciner and cooler zones?
• Preheater: Coating instability, chloride/sulphur cycles and brick erosion.
• Calciner: AFR firing, thermal shock and alkali infiltration.
• Cooler: Severe abrasion, red-river formation and mechanical stress on linings.
Overall, the biggest challenge is maintaining lining stability under highly variable operating conditions.

How do you evaluate and select refractory partners for long-term performance?
In real plant conditions, we don’t select a refractory partner just by looking at price. First, we see their past performance in similar kilns and whether their material has actually survived our operating conditions. We also check how strong their technical support is during shutdowns, because installation quality matters as much as the material itself.
Another key point is how quickly they respond during breakdowns or hot spots. A good partner should be available on short notice. We also look at their failure analysis capability, whether they can explain why a lining failed and suggest improvements.
On top of this, we review the life they delivered in the last few campaigns, their supply reliability and their willingness to offer plant-specific custom solutions instead of generic grades. Only a partner who supports us throughout the life cycle, which includes selection, installation, monitoring and post-failure analysis, fits our long-term requirement.

Can you share a recent example where better refractory selection improved uptime or clinker quality?
Recently, we upgraded to a high-abrasion basic brick at the kiln outlet. Earlier we had frequent chipping and coating loss. With the new lining, thermal stability improved and the coating became much more stable. As a result, our shutdown interval increased and clinker quality remained more consistent. It had a direct impact on our uptime.

How is increased AFR use affecting refractory behaviour?
Increased AFR use is definitely putting more stress on the refractory. The biggest issue we see daily is the rise in chlorine, alkalis and volatiles, which directly attack the lining, especially in the calciner and kiln inlet. AFR firing is also not as stable as conventional fuel, so we face frequent temperature fluctuations, which cause more thermal shock and small cracks in the lining.
Another real problem is coating instability. Some days the coating builds too fast, other days it suddenly drops, and both conditions impact refractory life. We also notice more dust circulation and buildup inside the calciner whenever the AFR mix changes, which again increases erosion.
Because of these practical issues, we have started relying more on alkali-resistant, low-porosity and better thermal shock–resistant materials to handle the additional stress coming from AFR.

What role does digital monitoring or thermal profiling play in your refractory strategy?
Digital tools like kiln shell scanners, IR imaging and thermal profiling help us detect weakening areas much earlier. This reduces unplanned shutdowns, helps identify hotspots accurately and allows us to replace only the critical sections. Overall, our maintenance has shifted from reactive to predictive, improving lining life significantly.

How do you balance cost, durability and installation speed during refractory shutdowns?
We focus on three points:
• Material quality that suits our thermal profile and chemistry.
• Installation speed, in fast turnarounds, we prefer monolithic.
• Life-cycle cost—the cheapest material is not the most economical. We look at durability, future downtime and total cost of ownership.
This balance ensures reliable performance without unnecessary expenditure.

What refractory or pyro-processing innovations could transform Indian cement operations?
Some promising developments include:
• High-performance, low-porosity and nano-bonded refractories
• Precast modular linings to drastically reduce shutdown time
• AI-driven kiln thermal analytics
• Advanced coating management solutions
• More AFR-compatible refractory mixes

These innovations can significantly improve kiln stability, efficiency and maintenance planning across the industry.

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