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Captive power plants to remain in business

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– MS Unnikrishnan, Managing Director and CEO, Thermax Limited

Thermal sector has been facing challenges owing to many factors, the announcement of phasing out of thermal capacity addition added fuel to the fire. What is the effect on a company like Thermax who caters to captive power segment?
First and foremost, all sectors are not heading to negative. Phasing out of thermal will take significant time. India doesn’t have gas available; no oil available, the only fuel available in the country is coal. There is a lot of industry segment, which is dependent on captive power, e.g. cement plant. It would require firm power. If there is infirmity of power, it will lead to a shutdown affecting the production. Such disruption significantly affects the annual output of the company, which is a very dangerous thing to happen. So cement plants will continue to have captive power plants. Infact, cement is an industry, even though there is an economic slowdown, companies in this segment is investing in cement manufacturing units and captive power plants.

Secondly, cements plants have waste heat available. Depending on the capacity to invest, almost up to 50 per cent of the total power requirement can be met from the energy produced from this route. It varies from 30 to 50 per cent from plant to plant. If you go for 30 per cent energy from waste recovery, then your payback would be five years; whereas if you go for up to 50 per cent, then your payback would be seven to eight years. If the company has got a policy, the treasury can invest only in safe instruments; in that case, the payback of 10 years is absolutely good. As coal is used in making cement, there is a renewable purchase obligation (RPO). Waste to energy would help meet the RPO compliances.

In the case of sponge iron industry, there is a lot of waste gas. If you don’t convert it into electricity, it reflects on the viability of the plant. Similarly, there are companies from food processing and chemical industry where steam is required for the processes. Here one can look at a cogeneration plant, where both electricity and steam (heat) could be produced from the same plant; thus, the viability increases for the company.

So these niche segments are going to be continuing to have captive and cogeneration power plants. The investment climate in India is not good currently. It will capture back when the industrialisation catches back.

When do you see the current situation improving in terms of investment climate?
I am not a negativist in the current circumstances. It is a temporary affair; there is undoubtedly pressure on any investment right now. Consumption capture in the country is under negative sentiments. In my opinion, it will take another few quarters, and in some case, it may take six quarters, and some sectors may turnaround in two to three quarters time. A combination of money in hand and the sentiments improving will result in consumption going up. Once that happens, the FMCG improves, then durables and ultimately, the automobile also will pick up. This is because India got a population growth happening.

As these start reflecting, the power demand also will start climbing. The Indian urban population is steadily growing, and they use energy guzzlers like the air conditioners.

In recent years the quality of power from the grid has gone up. Do you think this is going to toughen the competition for companies like yours?
There is even now, an arbitrage of generating your own power apart from the security of power. One can generate electricity based on the current coal prices prevailing in India or on imported coal. The cost of the generated electricity will be between Rs 4.50 to 4.75, including the defraying of investments. Who will supply power at this to an industry consumer? I am also an industry consumer with 11 factories running. Nobody supplies electricity at that rate. For a factory that consumes 20/30/40 MW, captive generation is much economical than grid power. To remain competitive, if energy is a major cost factor in running the factory, then certainly one would look at economical options to bring down the production expenses.

Will captive have a robust market going forward?
Remember, the population of India and that of China are almost the same. China produces four times of electricity than India. Even if you have to develop up to China level, India needs to generate four times the current levels. Do you think India has the money to generate that much electricity? So, the industry has to fend for them for development to be happening.

Captive power industry/cogeneration industry in India will continue to remain in existence. But the relevance may come down 20 or 25 years down the lines. We are not there yet. In a fully developed infrastructure like that of the developed world, when India reaches that level, captive power will suffer.

Where does India stand in terms of grid power for industries?
When India would have a reliable grid like the one in the lines of the Euro Grid, where they give two feeders. Even if one feeder fails, the other feeder will automatically start operating. India has developed, in my reckoning, 15 to 20 per cent now. About 80 per cent development is still to happen. This would take at least three to four decades minimum.

– LIZA V

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Concrete

Cement Makers Reaffirm Commitment to Sustainable Growth

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World Environment Day spotlight on innovation and circularity

On World Environment Day, the Indian cement industry reiterated its commitment to supporting India’s climate ambitions through sustainable manufacturing, resource efficiency and the adoption of cleaner technologies.

The Cement Manufacturers’ Association (CMA) said the sector remains aligned with the Government of India’s Net Zero commitments and is accelerating efforts to reduce its environmental footprint while supporting the country’s infrastructure and development agenda.

Parth Jindal, President, CMA and Managing Director, JSW Cement, said the industry is increasingly adopting cleaner technologies, improving energy efficiency and expanding the use of alternative fuels and raw materials. He also highlighted the growing importance of circular economy practices, where industrial by-products and waste streams from one sector are utilised as resources in another.

“The Indian Cement Industry is aligned to the Government’s commitments on carbon mitigation and is accelerating the adoption of cleaner technologies, resource efficiency and circular economy practices while actively exploring the potential of Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS) as a critical pathway for deep decarbonisation,” said Jindal.

He added that coprocessing industrial waste and by-products helps conserve natural resources, reduce disposal requirements and lower the environmental footprint across multiple sectors.

According to Jindal, sustainability is no longer limited to manufacturing processes but is increasingly influencing investment decisions, innovation strategies and long-term growth plans within the industry.

Echoing similar views, Dr Raghavpat Singhania, Vice President, CMA and Managing Director, JK Cement, said sustainable development extends beyond emissions reduction and must also focus on responsible resource utilisation and waste minimisation.

“Sustainability in the built environment cannot be measured by emissions alone. It is equally about how efficiently we use resources, how effectively we minimise waste and how responsibly we create the infrastructure that will serve future generations,” said Singhania.

He noted that the cement industry is advancing its sustainability agenda through greater resource efficiency, increased circularity, technological innovation and continuous improvements in manufacturing practices. As a key contributor to India’s infrastructure development, the sector has a critical role to play in balancing economic growth with environmental responsibility.

On the occasion of World Environment Day, industry leaders reaffirmed their commitment to supporting India’s climate goals while delivering the materials required for resilient, durable and sustainable infrastructure.

 

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Concrete

Building a Greener Future Together

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Environmental sustainability requires immediate action, not just long-term commitments and discussions. Recycling, circular economy practices, and technology-driven waste management can help industries reduce environmental impact while supporting sustainable growth.

Author: Jignesh Kundaria, Director and CEO, Fornnax Technology

World Environment Day serves as an important reminder that environmental sustainability can no longer remain confined to discussions, reports, or long-term commitments. The environmental challenges facing the world today demand immediate, measurable, and collective action. Across industries and communities, waste generation continues to outpace our ability to process it responsibly, placing increasing pressure on ecosystems, natural resources, public health, and the well-being of future generations.

One of the most significant shifts required today is a change in how society perceives waste. Rather than being viewed as a material to be discarded, waste must be recognised as a valuable resource that can contribute to both economic growth and environmental protection when managed through the right technologies and systems. This mindset forms the foundation of the circular economy model that countries across the world are increasingly adopting to reduce landfill dependence, recover valuable materials, and create more sustainable industrial ecosystems.

India has made meaningful progress in strengthening awareness around sustainability, recycling, and environmental responsibility over the past decade. Significant efforts are being made to formalise the recycling sector through improved infrastructure, technology adoption, policy implementation, and broader stakeholder participation. These developments are creating a stronger foundation for responsible waste management and resource recovery across the country.

However, achieving long-term environmental impact requires collaboration from all stakeholders. Industries, policymakers, technology providers, and communities must work together with greater accountability to strengthen recycling ecosystems, encourage responsible waste management practices, and create sustainable outcomes through consistent execution rather than temporary interventions.

As someone closely associated with the recycling industry, I firmly believe that technology will play a decisive role in addressing future environmental challenges. Advanced recycling systems have the potential to recover valuable resources, reduce pollution, minimise landfill burdens, and conserve energy, creating a more sustainable future for generations to come. This belief is deeply reflected in Fornnax’s motto, “Committed to Create a Green Future,” which embodies our commitment to building long-term environmental value through innovation and responsible action.

At the same time, technology alone cannot deliver meaningful change. Real progress requires intent, awareness, participation, and a shared sense of responsibility. Sustainable development can only be achieved when innovation is supported by collective action and a genuine commitment to environmental stewardship.

On this World Environment Day, let us move beyond conversations and take meaningful steps towards creating a cleaner, greener, and more sustainable planet. By embracing innovation, strengthening recycling ecosystems, and acting responsibly today, we can create lasting environmental impact and secure a better future for generations to come.

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Concrete

Dalmia Bharat Acquires Jaiprakash Associates Cement Assets for ₹2,850 Crore

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Dalmia Cement executed a Business Transfer Agreement with Jaiprakash Associates and Adani Infra, to acquire 5.2 MnTPA of cement capacity across Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.

Dalmia Cement (Bharat) announced on May 22, 2026 that it had signed a Business Transfer Agreement with Jaiprakash Associates Limited and Adani Infra (India) Limited for the acquisition of cement plants located at Rewa in Madhya Pradesh and Churk, Chunar and Sadwa in Uttar Pradesh. The deal was struck at an enterprise value of ₹2,850 crore and is expected to close within two weeks of execution.

The acquired assets from Jaiprakash Associates include 5.2 MnTPA of cement capacity and 3.3 MnTPA of clinker capacity. The package also covers 99 MW of thermal power capacity and railway sidings at Rewa, Chunar, and a common siding at Churk. This infrastructure gives the acquisition immediate operational utility beyond just production tonnage.

The transaction has a long backstory. Dalmia Cement had originally entered into a framework agreement with Jaiprakash Associates in December 2022, covering the sale of these business assets along with a long-term clinker supply arrangement. However, before the deal could be completed, Jaiprakash Associates was admitted to insolvency proceedings under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code. The earlier agreements could not be consummated as a result.

In an official statement, Puneet Dalmia, Managing Director & CEO, Dalmia Bharat, said, “I am very excited about addition of these assets in our portfolio. This serves as a great strategic fit for Dalmia. It helps us move forward in our journey to be a pan India player and provide a strong head start to serve the high potential markets in Central region. I am optimistic that the expansion potential of these assets along with close proximity with Dalmia’s captive mines will help us create a capacity hub for the future”.

Following the approval of Adani Group’s resolution plan for Jaiprakash Associates under the IBC framework, Dalmia approached the new management to revive discussions. The fresh Business Transfer Agreement was executed to settle all pending disputes, legal proceedings, and arbitration matters arising from the original framework agreement with Jaiprakash Associates.

Expanding market reach

Dalmia added, “Our familiarity with these assets under the earlier tolling arrangement gives us a deep understanding of the facilities and helps us establish strong connect with channel partners and vendors. We believe that this will help us in faster ramp up of capacities and quicker inroads into the market. As we look forward, I am very confident that we will be able to leverage the strengths of Dalmia to operate these assets in a manner where we can maximise value creation for all our stakeholders.”

With the addition of these plants, Dalmia Bharat’s total installed cement capacity will rise to 54.7 MnTPA upon consummation. The company has further expansion projects underway at Belgaum, Pune, and Kadapa, which are expected to take overall capacity to 66.7 MnTPA by Q2 to Q3 FY28.

The Central India location of the Jaiprakash Associates plants gives Dalmia Bharat faster access to markets in Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh than a greenfield build would have allowed. The company also cited debottlenecking and brownfield expansion as near-term opportunities at the acquired sites. Dalmia Bharat said the assets were expected to contribute positively to EBITDA and overall returns, given the pricing environment in the region and the company’s cost structure.

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