Economy & Market
Next phase of capacity enhancement to come from greenfield projects
Published
7 years agoon
By
admin
With over three decades of experience behind him in the sector, Dr Shailendra Chouksey, Whole-Time Director, JK Lakshmi Cement is often credited with having transformed the perception of cement as just another commodity to branded category. In this exclusive interaction with INDIAN CEMENT REVIEW in New Delhi, Dr Chouksey says that infrastructure creation will drive demand growth of cement by also providing a fillip to housing. Noting that the next phase of increase in capacity will come from greenfield plants, he informs that the industry is watching the development of inland waterways as a cost-effective mode of transport.
You have been saying that the cement sector is showing the green shoots of a revival after a prolonged period of subdued growth. How?
It is the growth in demand that we have witnessed in the last 12 months that has made me say that. While the figure of 14 per cent looks attractive, we have to remind ourselves that it is on the back of a base that was very muted. Taking that into account, even the growth of about 9 per cent – which the industry has witnessed close to after a gap of nearly six years – is quite healthy. And that’s something to cheer rather than be unduly pessimistic about. The other reason that makes us buoyant is that this demand has basically been fuelled by the initiatives of the government that are long-term in nature; so, there is an element of sustainability there. We would tend to believe that we are back in good times and this demand growth of 8-9 per cent is here to stay. It would eventually lead to a double-digit expansion because countries like China, Indonesia and others that have grown at a phenomenal pace in the past have demonstrated that infrastructure creation culminates in the demand for cement.
It is conventionally believed that the growth in cement sector is delivered by the housing segment. However, you just averred that the next phase of growth in the sector will be delivered by infrastructure development. That’s indeed a very interesting observation.
The reason why people tend to pin a lot of hopes on housing is that in India the segment still constitutes 60 per cent of the demand for cement. Any change there will have a much greater impact on growth, while infrastructure constitutes 20-25 per cent. Therefore, even if the infrastructure grows by 30-40 per cent, it can only translate into 7-8 per cent. Now a logical question would be that how can one expect a much steeper growth just on the back of infrastructure? But what we feel is that the moment our infrastructure expands, development of housing in areas surrounding such projects is bound to increase. Take the example of the metro railway in Delhi.
Wherever it has reached or whenever a new phase is planned, the housing activity there receives a spurt since the connectivity becomes a lot easier. Similarly, road infrastructure or any other project requiring cement, also provides a boost to housing.
In fact, at times it is very difficult to segregate the vanilla effect of infrastructure development and housing. There is a bit of intertwining there and we tend to believe that if the infrastructure is growing at 20-25 per cent, there is bound to be a cascading impact on the other segments that consume cement.
Which segments within the infra universe do you see as contributing to the cement industry’s growth over the next five years?
The road and highway projects will continue to be a major driver. But then we also feel that the metro rail fever is gradually spreading. And the best part is that it is being driven by the public through their representatives. Today, every member of parliament would like to establish a metro rail project in his constituency. There is hardly a state capital that is not talking about a metro project. The metro railway is a phenomenal cement consuming sector. And then again it has a ripple or downstream effect on the development of housing and commercial real estate, which in turn provides a spurt to a whole lot of construction activity. Going forward, metro rail projects would be another important area of cement consumption. Then we have already seen the Dedicated Freight Corridors (DFC) where work is underway and that will continue over the next three to four years. These are some of the important infrastructure projects that will drive the demand for cement. Along with these, there is an aspect that shouldn’t be missed and that is our GDP is growing and so is the purchasing power of the people. And that will result in individual housing construction.
What about the contribution from the smart cities programme of the government?
Well, one has to wait and watch. Initially, when the programme was announced, it was believed it would result in the development of greenfield cities. But gradually the government has realised that there is more to milked from the existing cities by making them smart. Therefore, though the construction might not happen at that pace that was anticipated, there would surely be ancillary developments around smart cities.
In India, the freight of cement has been done by road. With several waterways under development, do you see potential there?
Since it’s a whole new world that is opening up it would be too early on my part to comment on how it will eventually pan out. But at the end of the day, it is the money that talks. If cement manufacturers discover that it makes more economic sense to transport cement and other raw materials on waterways, they will most certainly make that shift. And that will not only be on account of the cost factor but also due to the increased regulation on the carriage of goods by road such as overloading, the high cost of toll that has pushed up freight rates, spike in fuel prices and the Indian Railways increasing freight charges.
Especially in the case of the railway, there is a certain minimum ticket size of freight and transporting less than that doesn’t really make economic sense for a cement manufacturer. Therefore, taking into account all these factors, we might have a good opportunity as far as the development of waterways is concerned. But one has to first test that out and then the network of waterways has to be well-spread out across the country. The operational stretch from Varanasi to Kolkata is in itself a very good beginning.
There is some debate on the 28 per cent GST levied on cement, which is the same as levied on luxury goods. What’s your take?
There is no debate as such. The question that is being asked of the cement industry time and again is what percentage are we looking at. We have said that it is not a question of what percentage the government retains. It is basically about recognising the fact that cement is a core commodity, and the world over the average taxation on cement doesn’t exceed 4 per cent. Therefore, why should India tax it at the exorbitant rate of 28 per cent? We know there are economic compulsions on part of the government and it cannot suddenly slash it down and lose all that revenue. But there has also to be a recognition that there can be a percentage where it can reduce taxation to a level where an increase in demand will compensate for any loss in revenue to the exchequer. If that happens, it’s a win-win situation for both the government and cement industry.
What is your outlook for the industry in 2019?
We feel that this is a very good time for the industry. We foresee no let-up in the demand. There is already a 30 per cent excess capacity that is lying idle. Therefore, we feel the industry will first consolidate operationally. At the present rate of growth in demand for cement, this excess capacity will get exhausted in about three years. But considering the fact that a new cement plant takes quite a while to come up, my own view is that there is not much to be milked out of brownfield projects. New capacity has to come from greenfield projects. I wouldn’t be surprised if over the next couple of years, one gets to hear several announcements of new capacity additions.
– MANISH PANT
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Rock blasting is essential for extracting hard rock and shaping safe excavation profiles in mining and construction. Accurate and consistent loading of explosive emulsions ensures controlled fragmentation, protects personnel, and maximizes productivity. Even minor deviations in pumping can cause delays or reduce product quality. BN pumps with SJA support routine maintenance and pre-operation checks by allowing fast verification of joint integrity, enabling more efficient operations.
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BN pumps with SJA are designed for mining, tunneling, quarrying, civil works, dam construction, and other sectors requiring precise handling of abrasive or chemical media. They provide robust performance while enabling fast, reliable inspection and maintenance.With SJA, operators can quickly access both joints without disassembly, ensuring emulsions are transferred accurately and consistently. This reduces downtime, preserves product integrity, and supports uniform dosing across multiple bore holes.
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Concrete
Digital process control is transforming grinding
Published
3 weeks agoon
February 20, 2026By
admin
Satish Maheshwari, Chief Manufacturing Officer, Shree Cement, delves into how digital intelligence is transforming cement grinding into a predictive, stable, and energy-efficient operation.
Grinding sits at the heart of cement manufacturing, accounting for the largest share of electrical energy consumption. In this interview, Satish Maheshwari, Chief Manufacturing Officer, Shree Cement, explains how advanced grinding technologies, data-driven optimisation and process intelligence are transforming mill performance, reducing power consumption and supporting the industry’s decarbonisation goals.
How has the grinding process evolved in Indian cement plants to meet rising efficiency and sustainability expectations?
Over the past decade, Indian cement plants have seen a clear evolution in grinding technology, moving from conventional open-circuit ball mills to high-efficiency closed-circuit systems, Roller Press–Ball Mill combinations and Vertical Roller Mills (VRMs). This shift has been supported by advances in separator design, improved wear-resistant materials, and the growing use of digital process automation. As a result, grinding units today operate as highly controlled manufacturing systems where real-time data, process intelligence and efficient separation work together to deliver stable and predictable performance.
From a sustainability perspective, these developments directly reduce specific power consumption, improve equipment reliability and lower the carbon footprint per tonne of cement produced.
How critical is grinding optimisation in reducing specific power consumption across ball mills and VRMs?
Grinding is the largest consumer of electrical energy in a cement plant, which makes optimisation one of the most effective levers for improving energy efficiency. In ball mill systems, optimisation through correct media selection, charge design, diaphragm configuration, ventilation management and separator tuning can typically deliver power savings of 5 per cent to 8 per cent. In VRMs, fine-tuning airflow balance, grinding pressure, nozzle ring settings, and circulating load can unlock energy reductions in the range of 8 per cent to 12 per cent. Across both systems, sustained operation under stable conditions is critical. Consistency in mill loading and operating parameters improves quality control, reduces wear, and enables long-term energy efficiency, making stability a key operational KPI.
What challenges arise in maintaining consistent cement quality when using alternative raw materials and blended compositions?
The increased use of alternative raw materials and supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) introduces variability in chemistry, moisture, hardness, and loss on ignition. This variability makes it more challenging to maintain consistent fineness, particle size distribution, throughput and downstream performance parameters such as setting time, strength development and workability.
As clinker substitution levels rise, grinding precision becomes increasingly important. Even small improvements in consistency enable higher SCM utilisation without compromising cement performance.
Addressing these challenges requires stronger feed homogenisation, real-time quality monitoring and dynamic adjustment of grinding parameters so that output quality remains stable despite changing input characteristics.
How is digital process control changing the way grinding performance is optimised?
Digital process control is transforming grinding from an operator-dependent activity into a predictive, model-driven operation. Technologies such as online particle size and residue analysers, AI-based optimisation platforms, digital twins for VRMs and Roller Press systems, and advanced process control solutions are redefining how performance is managed.
At the same time, workforce roles are evolving. Operators are increasingly focused on interpreting data trends through digital dashboards and responding proactively rather than relying on manual interventions. Together, these tools improve mill stability, enable faster response to disturbances, maintain consistent fineness, and reduce specific energy consumption while minimising manual effort.
How do you see grinding technologies supporting the industry’s low-clinker and decarbonisation goals?
Modern grinding technologies are central to the industry’s decarbonisation efforts. They enable higher incorporation of SCMs such as fly ash, slag, and limestone, improve particle fineness and reactivity, and reduce overall power consumption. Efficient grinding makes it possible to maintain consistent cement quality at lower clinker factors. Every improvement in energy intensity and particle engineering directly contributes to lower CO2 emissions.
As India moves toward low-carbon construction, precision grinding will remain a foundational capability for delivering sustainable, high-performance cement aligned with national and global climate objectives.
How much potential does grinding optimisation hold for immediate energy
and cost savings?
The potential for near-term savings is substantial. Without major capital investment, most plants can achieve 5 per cent to 15 per cent power reduction through measures such as improving separator efficiency, optimising ventilation, refining media grading, and fine-tuning operating parameters.
With continued capacity expansion across India, advanced optimisation tools will help ensure that productivity gains are not matched by proportional increases in energy demand. Given current power costs, this translates into direct and measurable financial benefits, making grinding optimisation one of the fastest-payback operational initiatives available to cement manufacturers today.
Concrete
Refractory demands in our kiln have changed
Published
3 weeks agoon
February 20, 2026By
admin
Radha Singh, Senior Manager (P&Q), Shree Digvijay Cement, points out why performance, predictability and life-cycle value now matter more than routine replacement in cement kilns.
As Indian cement plants push for higher throughput, increased alternative fuel usage and tighter shutdown cycles, refractory performance in kilns and pyro-processing systems is under growing pressure. In this interview, Radha Singh, Senior Manager (P&Q), Shree Digvijay Cement, shares how refractory demands have evolved on the ground and how smarter digital monitoring is improving kiln stability, uptime and clinker quality.
How have refractory demands changed in your kiln and pyro-processing line over the last five years?
Over the last five years, refractory demands in our kiln and pyro line have changed. Earlier, the focus was mostly on standard grades and routine shutdown-based replacement. But now, because of higher production loads, more alternative fuels and raw materials (AFR) usage and greater temperature variation, the expectation from refractory has increased.
In our own case, the current kiln refractory has already completed around 1.5 years, which itself shows how much more we now rely on materials that can handle thermal shock, alkali attack and coating fluctuations. We have moved towards more stable, high-performance linings so that we don’t have to enter the kiln frequently for repairs.
Overall, the shift has been from just ‘installation and run’ to selecting refractories that give longer life, better coating behaviour and more predictable performance under tougher operating conditions.
What are the biggest refractory challenges in the preheater, calciner and cooler zones?
• Preheater: Coating instability, chloride/sulphur cycles and brick erosion.
• Calciner: AFR firing, thermal shock and alkali infiltration.
• Cooler: Severe abrasion, red-river formation and mechanical stress on linings.
Overall, the biggest challenge is maintaining lining stability under highly variable operating conditions.
How do you evaluate and select refractory partners for long-term performance?
In real plant conditions, we don’t select a refractory partner just by looking at price. First, we see their past performance in similar kilns and whether their material has actually survived our operating conditions. We also check how strong their technical support is during shutdowns, because installation quality matters as much as the material itself.
Another key point is how quickly they respond during breakdowns or hot spots. A good partner should be available on short notice. We also look at their failure analysis capability, whether they can explain why a lining failed and suggest improvements.
On top of this, we review the life they delivered in the last few campaigns, their supply reliability and their willingness to offer plant-specific custom solutions instead of generic grades. Only a partner who supports us throughout the life cycle, which includes selection, installation, monitoring and post-failure analysis, fits our long-term requirement.
Can you share a recent example where better refractory selection improved uptime or clinker quality?
Recently, we upgraded to a high-abrasion basic brick at the kiln outlet. Earlier we had frequent chipping and coating loss. With the new lining, thermal stability improved and the coating became much more stable. As a result, our shutdown interval increased and clinker quality remained more consistent. It had a direct impact on our uptime.
How is increased AFR use affecting refractory behaviour?
Increased AFR use is definitely putting more stress on the refractory. The biggest issue we see daily is the rise in chlorine, alkalis and volatiles, which directly attack the lining, especially in the calciner and kiln inlet. AFR firing is also not as stable as conventional fuel, so we face frequent temperature fluctuations, which cause more thermal shock and small cracks in the lining.
Another real problem is coating instability. Some days the coating builds too fast, other days it suddenly drops, and both conditions impact refractory life. We also notice more dust circulation and buildup inside the calciner whenever the AFR mix changes, which again increases erosion.
Because of these practical issues, we have started relying more on alkali-resistant, low-porosity and better thermal shock–resistant materials to handle the additional stress coming from AFR.
What role does digital monitoring or thermal profiling play in your refractory strategy?
Digital tools like kiln shell scanners, IR imaging and thermal profiling help us detect weakening areas much earlier. This reduces unplanned shutdowns, helps identify hotspots accurately and allows us to replace only the critical sections. Overall, our maintenance has shifted from reactive to predictive, improving lining life significantly.
How do you balance cost, durability and installation speed during refractory shutdowns?
We focus on three points:
• Material quality that suits our thermal profile and chemistry.
• Installation speed, in fast turnarounds, we prefer monolithic.
• Life-cycle cost—the cheapest material is not the most economical. We look at durability, future downtime and total cost of ownership.
This balance ensures reliable performance without unnecessary expenditure.
What refractory or pyro-processing innovations could transform Indian cement operations?
Some promising developments include:
• High-performance, low-porosity and nano-bonded refractories
• Precast modular linings to drastically reduce shutdown time
• AI-driven kiln thermal analytics
• Advanced coating management solutions
• More AFR-compatible refractory mixes
These innovations can significantly improve kiln stability, efficiency and maintenance planning across the industry.
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