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Economy & Market

Logistics, a crucial business link

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Of late, logistics is being looked upon in a different light. Better technology is being used for truck movement, and greater attention is being paid towards ease of working for drivers.

The distribution of cement to the end user from the manufacturer is a major cost factor in the landed cost of cement at the user?s end. Approximately 30-35 per cent of the cost of cement can be attributed to the cost of distribution, which begins at the gates of the cement facility. Currently, for every 50-kg bag of cement, the logistics cost comes to around Rs 19-25 by road and Rs 14-17 by the Railways, depending on the distance involved.

For example, the country?s third-largest cement maker, Ambuja Cements, opted for sea-routes to transport its cement from Gujarat to its southern market. Today, 70 per cent of the cement movement worldwide is by sea compared to just 3-4 per cent in India. However, the scenario is changing, with most of the big players like Ambuja, UltraTech, Sanghi and ABG Cement having set up their bulk terminals.

The most inexpensive method of moving cement is in bulk by water, but the optimum solution is always a combination of methods. In today?s technologically advanced world, it is possible to use the power of information technology to arrive at such optimum solutions using mathematical modelling and algorithms. About 3 per cent of the gross revenue is spent on inward logistics while outward logistics accounts for another portion of 15 per cent.

Inward logistics includes coal and limestone transportation, while outward logistics is mostly the final product, cement. Some companies also incur outbound logistics cost of transporting clinker to their grinding plants. For plants that are closer to the collieries, the inbound transportation costs are less. For plants located far away from the collieries they have the option to import coal.

In case of final product, the costs of handling and secondary movement are very high. Although transportation by sea is the cheapest option, unless there is right connectivity from the port to the consuming centre, the gains are minimal. In the past, the freight cost could be optimised on imported coal but the case no more exists since import of coal is a matter of the past. The costs of handling and secondary movement are very high in cement transport. Although transportation by sea is the cheapest option, unless there is right connectivity from the port to the consuming centre, the gains are minimal. In case of final product, companies which have plants located closer to the markets as well as to the source of raw materials have an advantage over their peers, as this leads to lower freight costs. Also, plants located in coastal belts find it much cheaper to transport cement by the sea route in order to cater to the coastal markets such as Mumbai and the states of Gujarat and Tamil Nadu.

GST and Logistics cost
The new GST regime will drive efficiency in logistics, and yield tax savings. Complex and cascading indirect taxes have been one of the key reasons impacting the competitiveness of Indian manufacturers over the years. Alongside operational efficiency, tax avoidance has influenced the supply chain decisions of corporates, resulting in small and inefficient warehouses and high logistics costs. Once the GST is introduced, ?tax avoidance? will no longer influence decisions concerning distribution network and total warehouse space can be reduced partially.

As far as tax savings are concerned, elimination of the cascading effect of taxes will be taken more seriously. There will be phasing out of the 2 per cent CST for companies who move goods across state borders for sale. There will be optimisation of warehouses and consolidation of inventories for companies which historically choose to set up multiple warehouses across states so as to avoid paying CST. Elimination of check posts offers additional cost savings – while most states have replaced octroi with a local body tax (LBT), it has still not reduced the waiting time for vehicles. Similarly, at check posts on state borders, different requirements for documentation and tax payment lead to considerable delays.

While GST will subsume taxes such as octroi and LBT, a parallel dismantling of check posts too will ensure faster transit of goods, and in turn, reduce companies? need to maintain buffer inventories.

Dismantling of check posts will boost logistical gains. Estimates suggest that a quarter of the journey time is typically spent at check posts, state borders, city entrances, and other regulatory stoppages. This adds to the cost of transporting goods and forces companies to maintain buffer inventories. Dismantling of check posts is critical to maximise benefits from the GST rollout. Such a move will structurally benefit firms, especially those which have a large, pan-India distribution network.

To ensure faster transit of goods through check posts, implementing e-permit/e-tolling systems could be one alternative. Such systems work on radio-frequency identification technology, where the tax status of goods being transported is automatically scanned as the vehicle passes through the check post. Pilot studies are already being conducted in states like Haryana and Gujarat. The relevance of automation is also highlighted by some stark statistics. While vehicles at one of India?s major check posts (Walayar, Kerala) spend at least 6-8 hours in transit (going up to a full day if traffic is heavy), Karnataka provides a breather by allowing vehicles to be moved in less than an hour by opting for online declaration of goods and electronic scanning of vehicles.

Broadly, CRISIL Research believes that eliminating check post delays will cut transportation costs by 10-15 per cent and trim inventory carrying costs, owing to more certainty in transit times. This will result in additional savings of 0.4-0.8 per cent of net sales for players across sectors. This, including the direct cost savings, will take the overall logistics costs savings to up to1.5-2 per cent of sales for companies. However, the proposed additional tax of 1 per cent by states on supply of goods in lieu of CST for 2 years could delay dismantling of check-posts.

Sales of high-tonnage, high-performance trucks will get a fillip. Realigning supply chains and dismantling of checkposts is expected to take at least two-three years after GST is implemented. This will drive demand for larger, more efficient trucks such as multi-axle vehicles and tractor-trailers as loads consolidate on primary routes. These vehicles will carry heavier cargo per trip and reduce overall shipment costs for companies on primary routes. Accordingly, we envisage a faster shift to 31-tonne MAVs from 25-tonne MAVs and to 40-tonne trailers from 35-tonne trailers.

We also expect players to shift from traditional, low-cost trucks to slightly mid-premium trucks (higher-powered trucks with better cabin comfort that cost at least 15 per cent higher but aid in faster turnaround times). While most commercial vehicle manufacturers began launching mid-premium and premium trucks four-five years ago (like Tata?s Prima series, Mahindra?s trucks, Eicher?s Pro range, etc.), these models failed to gain significant market share (they still comprise just 5-7 per cent of total revenues in the MHCV segment) as faster transportation was required to make these models a viable option. Consolidation of truck loads and dismantling of check posts can aid seamless transport and drive demand for such trucks.

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Economy & Market

Smart Pumping for Rock Blasting

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SEEPEX introduces BN pumps with Smart Joint Access (SJA) to improve efficiency, reliability, and inspection speed in demanding rock blasting operations.
Designed for abrasive and chemical media, the solution supports precise dosing, reduced downtime, and enhanced operational safety.

SEEPEX has introduced BN pumps with Smart Joint Access (SJA), engineered for the reliable and precise transfer of abrasive, corrosive, and chemical media in mining and construction. Designed for rock blasting, the pump features a large inspection opening for quick joint checks, a compact footprint for mobile or skid-mounted installations, and flexible drive and material options for consistent performance and uptime.

“Operators can inspect joints quickly and rely on precise pumping of shear-sensitive and abrasive emulsions,” said Magalie Levray, Global Business Development Manager Mining at SEEPEX. “This is particularly critical in rock blasting, where every borehole counts for productivity.” Industry Context

Rock blasting is essential for extracting hard rock and shaping safe excavation profiles in mining and construction. Accurate and consistent loading of explosive emulsions ensures controlled fragmentation, protects personnel, and maximizes productivity. Even minor deviations in pumping can cause delays or reduce product quality. BN pumps with SJA support routine maintenance and pre-operation checks by allowing fast verification of joint integrity, enabling more efficient operations.

Always Inspection Ready

Smart Joint Access is designed for inspection-friendly operations. The large inspection opening in the suction housing provides direct access to both joints, enabling rapid pre-operation checks while maintaining high operational reliability. Technicians can assess joint condition quickly, supporting continuous, reliable operation.

Key Features

  • Compact Footprint: Fits truck-mounted mobile units, skid-mounted systems, and factory installations.
  • Flexible Drive Options: Compact hydraulic drive or electric drive configurations.
  • Hydraulic Efficiency: Low-displacement design reduces oil requirements and supports low total cost of ownership.
  • Equal Wall Stator Design: Ensures high-pressure performance in a compact footprint.
  • Material Flexibility: Stainless steel or steel housings, chrome-plated rotors, and stators in NBR, EPDM, or FKM.

Operators benefit from shorter inspection cycles, reliable dosing, seamless integration, and fast delivery through framework agreements, helping to maintain uptime in critical rock blasting processes.

Applications – Optimized for Rock Blasting

BN pumps with SJA are designed for mining, tunneling, quarrying, civil works, dam construction, and other sectors requiring precise handling of abrasive or chemical media. They provide robust performance while enabling fast, reliable inspection and maintenance.With SJA, operators can quickly access both joints without disassembly, ensuring emulsions are transferred accurately and consistently. This reduces downtime, preserves product integrity, and supports uniform dosing across multiple bore holes.

With the Smart Joint Access inspection opening, operators can quickly access and assess the condition of both joints without disassembly, enabling immediate verification of pump readiness prior to blast hole loading. This allows operators to confirm that emulsions are transferred accurately and consistently, protecting personnel, minimizing product degradation, and maintaining uniform dosing across multiple bore holes.

The combination of equal wall stator design, compact integration, flexible drives, and progressive cavity pump technology ensures continuous, reliable operation even in space-limited, high-pressure environments.

From Inspection to Operation

A leading explosives provider implemented BN pumps with SJA in open pit and underground operations. By replacing legacy pumps, inspection cycles were significantly shortened, allowing crews to complete pre-operation checks and return mobile units to productive work faster. Direct joint access through SJA enabled immediate verification, consistent emulsion dosing, and reduced downtime caused by joint-related deviations.

“The inspection opening gives immediate confidence that each joint is secure before proceeding to bore holes,” said a site technician. “It allows us to act quickly, keeping blasting schedules on track.”

Framework agreements ensured rapid pump supply and minimal downtime, supporting multi-site operations across continents

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Concrete

Digital process control is transforming grinding

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Satish Maheshwari, Chief Manufacturing Officer, Shree Cement, delves into how digital intelligence is transforming cement grinding into a predictive, stable, and energy-efficient operation.

Grinding sits at the heart of cement manufacturing, accounting for the largest share of electrical energy consumption. In this interview, Satish Maheshwari, Chief Manufacturing Officer, Shree Cement, explains how advanced grinding technologies, data-driven optimisation and process intelligence are transforming mill performance, reducing power consumption and supporting the industry’s decarbonisation goals.

How has the grinding process evolved in Indian cement plants to meet rising efficiency and sustainability expectations?
Over the past decade, Indian cement plants have seen a clear evolution in grinding technology, moving from conventional open-circuit ball mills to high-efficiency closed-circuit systems, Roller Press–Ball Mill combinations and Vertical Roller Mills (VRMs). This shift has been supported by advances in separator design, improved wear-resistant materials, and the growing use of digital process automation. As a result, grinding units today operate as highly controlled manufacturing systems where real-time data, process intelligence and efficient separation work together to deliver stable and predictable performance.
From a sustainability perspective, these developments directly reduce specific power consumption, improve equipment reliability and lower the carbon footprint per tonne of cement produced.

How critical is grinding optimisation in reducing specific power consumption across ball mills and VRMs?
Grinding is the largest consumer of electrical energy in a cement plant, which makes optimisation one of the most effective levers for improving energy efficiency. In ball mill systems, optimisation through correct media selection, charge design, diaphragm configuration, ventilation management and separator tuning can typically deliver power savings of 5 per cent to 8 per cent. In VRMs, fine-tuning airflow balance, grinding pressure, nozzle ring settings, and circulating load can unlock energy reductions in the range of 8 per cent to 12 per cent. Across both systems, sustained operation under stable conditions is critical. Consistency in mill loading and operating parameters improves quality control, reduces wear, and enables long-term energy efficiency, making stability a key operational KPI.

What challenges arise in maintaining consistent cement quality when using alternative raw materials and blended compositions?
The increased use of alternative raw materials and supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) introduces variability in chemistry, moisture, hardness, and loss on ignition. This variability makes it more challenging to maintain consistent fineness, particle size distribution, throughput and downstream performance parameters such as setting time, strength development and workability.
As clinker substitution levels rise, grinding precision becomes increasingly important. Even small improvements in consistency enable higher SCM utilisation without compromising cement performance.
Addressing these challenges requires stronger feed homogenisation, real-time quality monitoring and dynamic adjustment of grinding parameters so that output quality remains stable despite changing input characteristics.

How is digital process control changing the way grinding performance is optimised?
Digital process control is transforming grinding from an operator-dependent activity into a predictive, model-driven operation. Technologies such as online particle size and residue analysers, AI-based optimisation platforms, digital twins for VRMs and Roller Press systems, and advanced process control solutions are redefining how performance is managed.
At the same time, workforce roles are evolving. Operators are increasingly focused on interpreting data trends through digital dashboards and responding proactively rather than relying on manual interventions. Together, these tools improve mill stability, enable faster response to disturbances, maintain consistent fineness, and reduce specific energy consumption while minimising manual effort.

How do you see grinding technologies supporting the industry’s low-clinker and decarbonisation goals?
Modern grinding technologies are central to the industry’s decarbonisation efforts. They enable higher incorporation of SCMs such as fly ash, slag, and limestone, improve particle fineness and reactivity, and reduce overall power consumption. Efficient grinding makes it possible to maintain consistent cement quality at lower clinker factors. Every improvement in energy intensity and particle engineering directly contributes to lower CO2 emissions.
As India moves toward low-carbon construction, precision grinding will remain a foundational capability for delivering sustainable, high-performance cement aligned with national and global climate objectives.

How much potential does grinding optimisation hold for immediate energy
and cost savings?
The potential for near-term savings is substantial. Without major capital investment, most plants can achieve 5 per cent to 15 per cent power reduction through measures such as improving separator efficiency, optimising ventilation, refining media grading, and fine-tuning operating parameters.
With continued capacity expansion across India, advanced optimisation tools will help ensure that productivity gains are not matched by proportional increases in energy demand. Given current power costs, this translates into direct and measurable financial benefits, making grinding optimisation one of the fastest-payback operational initiatives available to cement manufacturers today.

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Concrete

Refractory demands in our kiln have changed

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Radha Singh, Senior Manager (P&Q), Shree Digvijay Cement, points out why performance, predictability and life-cycle value now matter more than routine replacement in cement kilns.

As Indian cement plants push for higher throughput, increased alternative fuel usage and tighter shutdown cycles, refractory performance in kilns and pyro-processing systems is under growing pressure. In this interview, Radha Singh, Senior Manager (P&Q), Shree Digvijay Cement, shares how refractory demands have evolved on the ground and how smarter digital monitoring is improving kiln stability, uptime and clinker quality.

How have refractory demands changed in your kiln and pyro-processing line over the last five years?
Over the last five years, refractory demands in our kiln and pyro line have changed. Earlier, the focus was mostly on standard grades and routine shutdown-based replacement. But now, because of higher production loads, more alternative fuels and raw materials (AFR) usage and greater temperature variation, the expectation from refractory has increased.
In our own case, the current kiln refractory has already completed around 1.5 years, which itself shows how much more we now rely on materials that can handle thermal shock, alkali attack and coating fluctuations. We have moved towards more stable, high-performance linings so that we don’t have to enter the kiln frequently for repairs.
Overall, the shift has been from just ‘installation and run’ to selecting refractories that give longer life, better coating behaviour and more predictable performance under tougher operating conditions.

What are the biggest refractory challenges in the preheater, calciner and cooler zones?
• Preheater: Coating instability, chloride/sulphur cycles and brick erosion.
• Calciner: AFR firing, thermal shock and alkali infiltration.
• Cooler: Severe abrasion, red-river formation and mechanical stress on linings.
Overall, the biggest challenge is maintaining lining stability under highly variable operating conditions.

How do you evaluate and select refractory partners for long-term performance?
In real plant conditions, we don’t select a refractory partner just by looking at price. First, we see their past performance in similar kilns and whether their material has actually survived our operating conditions. We also check how strong their technical support is during shutdowns, because installation quality matters as much as the material itself.
Another key point is how quickly they respond during breakdowns or hot spots. A good partner should be available on short notice. We also look at their failure analysis capability, whether they can explain why a lining failed and suggest improvements.
On top of this, we review the life they delivered in the last few campaigns, their supply reliability and their willingness to offer plant-specific custom solutions instead of generic grades. Only a partner who supports us throughout the life cycle, which includes selection, installation, monitoring and post-failure analysis, fits our long-term requirement.

Can you share a recent example where better refractory selection improved uptime or clinker quality?
Recently, we upgraded to a high-abrasion basic brick at the kiln outlet. Earlier we had frequent chipping and coating loss. With the new lining, thermal stability improved and the coating became much more stable. As a result, our shutdown interval increased and clinker quality remained more consistent. It had a direct impact on our uptime.

How is increased AFR use affecting refractory behaviour?
Increased AFR use is definitely putting more stress on the refractory. The biggest issue we see daily is the rise in chlorine, alkalis and volatiles, which directly attack the lining, especially in the calciner and kiln inlet. AFR firing is also not as stable as conventional fuel, so we face frequent temperature fluctuations, which cause more thermal shock and small cracks in the lining.
Another real problem is coating instability. Some days the coating builds too fast, other days it suddenly drops, and both conditions impact refractory life. We also notice more dust circulation and buildup inside the calciner whenever the AFR mix changes, which again increases erosion.
Because of these practical issues, we have started relying more on alkali-resistant, low-porosity and better thermal shock–resistant materials to handle the additional stress coming from AFR.

What role does digital monitoring or thermal profiling play in your refractory strategy?
Digital tools like kiln shell scanners, IR imaging and thermal profiling help us detect weakening areas much earlier. This reduces unplanned shutdowns, helps identify hotspots accurately and allows us to replace only the critical sections. Overall, our maintenance has shifted from reactive to predictive, improving lining life significantly.

How do you balance cost, durability and installation speed during refractory shutdowns?
We focus on three points:
• Material quality that suits our thermal profile and chemistry.
• Installation speed, in fast turnarounds, we prefer monolithic.
• Life-cycle cost—the cheapest material is not the most economical. We look at durability, future downtime and total cost of ownership.
This balance ensures reliable performance without unnecessary expenditure.

What refractory or pyro-processing innovations could transform Indian cement operations?
Some promising developments include:
• High-performance, low-porosity and nano-bonded refractories
• Precast modular linings to drastically reduce shutdown time
• AI-driven kiln thermal analytics
• Advanced coating management solutions
• More AFR-compatible refractory mixes

These innovations can significantly improve kiln stability, efficiency and maintenance planning across the industry.

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