Economy & Market
The 3Cs of Decarbonisation
Published
7 months agoon
By
admin
Dr Avijit Mondal, Scientist, NTPC Energy Technology Research Alliance (NETRA), explores the holistic pathway to decarbonise the cement industry and build a resilient, low-carbon future for India.
The global climate discourse has placed the spotlight firmly on hard-to-abate sectors, and the cement industry is one of the most critical among them. Cement is the backbone of modern infrastructure, but it also accounts for nearly 7-8 per cent of global CO2 emissions. As economies continue to grow, the demand for cement will persist-making decarbonisation strategies not just desirable but indispensable.
In this context, the 3Cs of decarbonisation – Cut emissions, Cement innovations, and Carbon capture and utilisation (CCU) – offer a comprehensive framework for reshaping the industry’s future.
1. Cut emissions: Driving efficiency and clean energy integration
The first step is to cut emissions at the source. Cement production is energy-intensive, and approximately 40 per cent of emissions come from fuel combustion in kilns. The rest originates from the calcination of limestone during clinker production. Cutting emissions, therefore, requires both process optimisation and energy transition.
- Energy efficiency: Adoption of waste heat recovery systems, improved kiln design, and digitalisation-driven process control can reduce the thermal and electrical energy footprint.
- Alternative fuels: Replacing coal and petcoke with biomass, agricultural residues, and refuse-derived fuels can significantly lower carbon intensity.
- Green power integration: Utilisation of solar, wind, and hybrid renewable solutions in auxiliary operations (grinding, material handling, etc.) ensures indirect emissions are reduced.
Case studies
- Ambuja Cements (India) has installed waste heat recovery systems across multiple plants, reducing dependency on fossil fuels and cutting CO2 emissions.
- CEMEX (Mexico) has adopted alternative fuels at a massive scale, with some plants operating on more than 80 per cent non-fossil fuel share.
For countries like India, where cement demand is still growing, integrating efficiency measures with renewable energy can yield rapid decarbonisation gains.
2. Cement innovations: Rethinking the product itself
The second ‘C’ focuses on redefining what cement is and how it is made. Since clinker production is the largest source of process emissions, lowering clinker factor is central to innovation.
- Blended cements: Increased utilisation of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as fly ash, slag, silica fume and calcined clays can replace a portion of clinker while maintaining strength and durability.
- Novel binders: Research is advancing in alternative binders like geopolymers and limestone calcined clay cement (LC3), which can reduce emissions by up to 40 per cent compared to ordinary
Portland cement. - Circular economy integration: Industrial by-products (steel slag, red mud and other
mineral wastes) can be valorised into cementitious materials, reducing both environmental burden and resource dependency. - Digital innovations: AI-driven mix design optimisation can ensure maximum performance with lower carbon content.
Case studies
- NTPC Ltd (India) has been a pioneer in fly ash utilisation, supplying millions of tonnes annually to cement manufacturers, turning a waste product into a valuable resource.
- Dalmia Cement (India) has adopted a carbon-negative vision by pushing for low-clinker cement and exploring alternative binders.
- LC3 Project (Switzerland, India, and Cuba) demonstrated at pilot scale that calcined clay + limestone blends can reduce emissions by 30-40 per cent, offering a scalable solution for emerging economies.
In India, the synergy between power plants and cement units highlights how industrial symbiosis can accelerate innovation.
3. Carbon capture and utilisation: Closing the loop
Even with aggressive efficiency measures and material innovations, residual emissions from calcination will remain a challenge. This is where CCU technologies come in.
- Carbon capture: Advanced post-combustion capture systems (amine scrubbing, oxy-fuel combustion and emerging solid sorbents) are being piloted globally in cement kilns.
- Carbon utilisation: Captured CO2 can be converted into value-added products-carbonated aggregates, synthetic fuels, or even used in curing processes for concrete. Such solutions not only mitigate emissions but also create new revenue streams.
- Carbon storage: Where utilisation is not feasible, geological storage offers a long-term abatement pathway.
Case studies
- Lafarge Holcim’s plant in Brevik (Norway) is building the world’s first full-scale carbon capture facility for cement, capable of capturing 400,000 tonnes of CO2 annually.
- Dalmia Cement (India) has announced plans to build a large-scale carbon capture facility at its Tamil Nadu plant, with a target of capturing 500,000 tonnes of CO2 per year.
- Solidia Technologies (USA) has developed a process where concrete cures with CO2 instead of water, permanently locking in carbon while reducing cement use.
These pilots demonstrate that CCU is not a distant dream – it is already being tested and scaled.
The road ahead
The cement industry’s decarbonisation journey is both a technological and policy challenge. A mix of regulatory frameworks, carbon pricing, green financing and stakeholder collaboration will be essential to accelerate adoption of the 3Cs.
For India, which is expected to remain the second-largest producer and consumer of cement, the 3Cs framework aligns with national goals of Net Zero by 2070. As power and cement sectors increasingly converge-through ash utilisation, renewable integration, and CCU-the scope for cross-industry partnerships is immense.
Ultimately, the 3Cs of decarbonisation represent more than strategies; they embody the industry’s commitment to building not just infrastructure, but a sustainable future.
References:
• L. Marques, M. Vieira, J. Condeo, H. Sousa, C. Henriques, M. M. Mateus, “Review of Power-to-Liquid (PtL) Technology for Renewable Methanol (e-MeOH): Recent Developments, Emerging Trends and Prospects for the Cement Plant Industry,” None, 2024. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202409.0956.v1
• V. Mittal, L. Dosan, “System Dynamics Modelling of Cement Industry Decarbonization Pathways: An Analysis of Carbon Reduction Strategies,” Sustainability, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17157128
• I. Bolbot, O. Slovikovskyi, “Multi-Physics Modelling and Adaptive Control of Gas Burner Systems for Enhanced Energy Efficiency and Emission Reduction in Cement Drying Processes,” None, 2025. https://doi.org/10.33042/2079-424x.2025.64.2.01
• K. Sun, J. Sun, C. Bu, L. Jiang, C. Zhao, “Historical Drivers and Reduction Paths of CO2 Emissions in Jiangsus Cement Industry,” C++ Conference, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3390/c11010020
• T. Nayab, T. Ahmed, “CO2 Mitigation of a Cement Industry in North Macedonia, Balkans Peninsula: A Short Review,” Environmental Contaminants Reviews, 2024. https://doi.org/10.26480/ecr.01.2024.32.36
• F. Branger, P. Quirion, “Reaping the Carbon Rent: Abatement and Overallocation Profits in the European Cement Industry, Insights from an LMDI Decomposition Analysis,” RELX Group (Netherlands), 2014. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2497474
• J. A. Brefo, A. K. Osei, J. A. Opoku, “Sustainable Low-Carbon Cement Technologies for Reducing U.S. Construction Carbon Emissions,” None, 2025. https://doi.org/10.51594/estj.v6i6.1954
• J. Glvez Martos, R. Chaliulina, A. Elhoweris, J. A. Mwanda, A. Hakki, Y. Alhorr, “Techno-Economic Assessment of Calcium Sulfoaluminate Clinker Production Using Elemental Sulfur as Raw Material,” Elsevier BV, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126888
• Q. Su et al., “Life Cycle Assessment and Environmental Load Management in the Cement Industry,” Systems, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13070611
• K. Kaptan, S. Cunha, J. Aguiar, “A Review: Construction and Demolition Waste as a Novel Source for CO2 Reduction in Portland Cement Production for Concrete,” Sustainability, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16020585
ABOUT THE AUTHOR:
Dr Avijit Mondal, Scientist, NTPC Energy Technology Research Alliance (NETRA), has an extensive research experience in materials processing, powder metallurgy, and advanced characterisation techniques.
Concrete
Cement Makers Reaffirm Commitment to Sustainable Growth
Published
21 hours agoon
June 5, 2026By
admin
World Environment Day spotlight on innovation and circularity
On World Environment Day, the Indian cement industry reiterated its commitment to supporting India’s climate ambitions through sustainable manufacturing, resource efficiency and the adoption of cleaner technologies.
The Cement Manufacturers’ Association (CMA) said the sector remains aligned with the Government of India’s Net Zero commitments and is accelerating efforts to reduce its environmental footprint while supporting the country’s infrastructure and development agenda.

Parth Jindal, President, CMA and Managing Director, JSW Cement, said the industry is increasingly adopting cleaner technologies, improving energy efficiency and expanding the use of alternative fuels and raw materials. He also highlighted the growing importance of circular economy practices, where industrial by-products and waste streams from one sector are utilised as resources in another.
“The Indian Cement Industry is aligned to the Government’s commitments on carbon mitigation and is accelerating the adoption of cleaner technologies, resource efficiency and circular economy practices while actively exploring the potential of Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS) as a critical pathway for deep decarbonisation,” said Jindal.
He added that coprocessing industrial waste and by-products helps conserve natural resources, reduce disposal requirements and lower the environmental footprint across multiple sectors.
According to Jindal, sustainability is no longer limited to manufacturing processes but is increasingly influencing investment decisions, innovation strategies and long-term growth plans within the industry.
Echoing similar views, Dr Raghavpat Singhania, Vice President, CMA and Managing Director, JK Cement, said sustainable development extends beyond emissions reduction and must also focus on responsible resource utilisation and waste minimisation.

“Sustainability in the built environment cannot be measured by emissions alone. It is equally about how efficiently we use resources, how effectively we minimise waste and how responsibly we create the infrastructure that will serve future generations,” said Singhania.
He noted that the cement industry is advancing its sustainability agenda through greater resource efficiency, increased circularity, technological innovation and continuous improvements in manufacturing practices. As a key contributor to India’s infrastructure development, the sector has a critical role to play in balancing economic growth with environmental responsibility.
On the occasion of World Environment Day, industry leaders reaffirmed their commitment to supporting India’s climate goals while delivering the materials required for resilient, durable and sustainable infrastructure.
Environmental sustainability requires immediate action, not just long-term commitments and discussions. Recycling, circular economy practices, and technology-driven waste management can help industries reduce environmental impact while supporting sustainable growth.
Author: Jignesh Kundaria, Director and CEO, Fornnax Technology
World Environment Day serves as an important reminder that environmental sustainability can no longer remain confined to discussions, reports, or long-term commitments. The environmental challenges facing the world today demand immediate, measurable, and collective action. Across industries and communities, waste generation continues to outpace our ability to process it responsibly, placing increasing pressure on ecosystems, natural resources, public health, and the well-being of future generations.
One of the most significant shifts required today is a change in how society perceives waste. Rather than being viewed as a material to be discarded, waste must be recognised as a valuable resource that can contribute to both economic growth and environmental protection when managed through the right technologies and systems. This mindset forms the foundation of the circular economy model that countries across the world are increasingly adopting to reduce landfill dependence, recover valuable materials, and create more sustainable industrial ecosystems.
India has made meaningful progress in strengthening awareness around sustainability, recycling, and environmental responsibility over the past decade. Significant efforts are being made to formalise the recycling sector through improved infrastructure, technology adoption, policy implementation, and broader stakeholder participation. These developments are creating a stronger foundation for responsible waste management and resource recovery across the country.
However, achieving long-term environmental impact requires collaboration from all stakeholders. Industries, policymakers, technology providers, and communities must work together with greater accountability to strengthen recycling ecosystems, encourage responsible waste management practices, and create sustainable outcomes through consistent execution rather than temporary interventions.
As someone closely associated with the recycling industry, I firmly believe that technology will play a decisive role in addressing future environmental challenges. Advanced recycling systems have the potential to recover valuable resources, reduce pollution, minimise landfill burdens, and conserve energy, creating a more sustainable future for generations to come. This belief is deeply reflected in Fornnax’s motto, “Committed to Create a Green Future,” which embodies our commitment to building long-term environmental value through innovation and responsible action.
At the same time, technology alone cannot deliver meaningful change. Real progress requires intent, awareness, participation, and a shared sense of responsibility. Sustainable development can only be achieved when innovation is supported by collective action and a genuine commitment to environmental stewardship.
On this World Environment Day, let us move beyond conversations and take meaningful steps towards creating a cleaner, greener, and more sustainable planet. By embracing innovation, strengthening recycling ecosystems, and acting responsibly today, we can create lasting environmental impact and secure a better future for generations to come.
Concrete
Dalmia Bharat Acquires Jaiprakash Associates Cement Assets for ₹2,850 Crore
Published
2 weeks agoon
May 25, 2026By
admin
Dalmia Cement executed a Business Transfer Agreement with Jaiprakash Associates and Adani Infra, to acquire 5.2 MnTPA of cement capacity across Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.
Dalmia Cement (Bharat) announced on May 22, 2026 that it had signed a Business Transfer Agreement with Jaiprakash Associates Limited and Adani Infra (India) Limited for the acquisition of cement plants located at Rewa in Madhya Pradesh and Churk, Chunar and Sadwa in Uttar Pradesh. The deal was struck at an enterprise value of ₹2,850 crore and is expected to close within two weeks of execution.
The acquired assets from Jaiprakash Associates include 5.2 MnTPA of cement capacity and 3.3 MnTPA of clinker capacity. The package also covers 99 MW of thermal power capacity and railway sidings at Rewa, Chunar, and a common siding at Churk. This infrastructure gives the acquisition immediate operational utility beyond just production tonnage.
The transaction has a long backstory. Dalmia Cement had originally entered into a framework agreement with Jaiprakash Associates in December 2022, covering the sale of these business assets along with a long-term clinker supply arrangement. However, before the deal could be completed, Jaiprakash Associates was admitted to insolvency proceedings under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code. The earlier agreements could not be consummated as a result.
In an official statement, Puneet Dalmia, Managing Director & CEO, Dalmia Bharat, said, “I am very excited about addition of these assets in our portfolio. This serves as a great strategic fit for Dalmia. It helps us move forward in our journey to be a pan India player and provide a strong head start to serve the high potential markets in Central region. I am optimistic that the expansion potential of these assets along with close proximity with Dalmia’s captive mines will help us create a capacity hub for the future”.
Following the approval of Adani Group’s resolution plan for Jaiprakash Associates under the IBC framework, Dalmia approached the new management to revive discussions. The fresh Business Transfer Agreement was executed to settle all pending disputes, legal proceedings, and arbitration matters arising from the original framework agreement with Jaiprakash Associates.
Expanding market reach
Dalmia added, “Our familiarity with these assets under the earlier tolling arrangement gives us a deep understanding of the facilities and helps us establish strong connect with channel partners and vendors. We believe that this will help us in faster ramp up of capacities and quicker inroads into the market. As we look forward, I am very confident that we will be able to leverage the strengths of Dalmia to operate these assets in a manner where we can maximise value creation for all our stakeholders.”
With the addition of these plants, Dalmia Bharat’s total installed cement capacity will rise to 54.7 MnTPA upon consummation. The company has further expansion projects underway at Belgaum, Pune, and Kadapa, which are expected to take overall capacity to 66.7 MnTPA by Q2 to Q3 FY28.
The Central India location of the Jaiprakash Associates plants gives Dalmia Bharat faster access to markets in Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh than a greenfield build would have allowed. The company also cited debottlenecking and brownfield expansion as near-term opportunities at the acquired sites. Dalmia Bharat said the assets were expected to contribute positively to EBITDA and overall returns, given the pricing environment in the region and the company’s cost structure.
Cement Makers Reaffirm Commitment to Sustainable Growth
Building a Greener Future Together
JK Lakshmi Advances LC3 Cement Expansion
Burnpur Cement Reports Standalone Net Loss Of Rs 207.4 Million
Ramco Cements Campaign Wins Six Kyoorius Honours
Cement Makers Reaffirm Commitment to Sustainable Growth
Building a Greener Future Together
JK Lakshmi Advances LC3 Cement Expansion
Burnpur Cement Reports Standalone Net Loss Of Rs 207.4 Million

