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Boosting Concrete Workability with Grinding Aids

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Dr SB Hegde highlights how AdoCem® WE++ grinding aid improves cement fineness and reduces water demand, effectively minimising slump loss and enhancing concrete workability retention. The study confirms its role in improving both slump retention and compressive strength over time.

In the production of concrete, maintaining consistent workability is crucial for efficient mixing, transporting, and placing of the material. However, concrete slump loss, or the reduction in workability over time, is a common challenge, particularly in large-scale projects where the concrete mix needs to remain workable for extended periods, such as during long-distance transportation or complex placements. Slump loss greater than 150 mm within 3 hours can lead to difficulties in handling and finishing, impacting both the quality and the efficiency of construction.
One effective solution to control slump loss is the use of grinding aids during the cement production process. This technical note focuses on the application of AdoCem® WE++ grinding aid during the cement grinding of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) to resolve slump loss issues and improve concrete workability retention.

The role of AdoCem® WE++ grinding aid
AdoCem® WE++ is a high-performance grinding aid designed to improve the efficiency of cement grinding by reducing the energy required to achieve a desired fineness. It works by modifying the surface properties of cement particles, reducing agglomeration, and improving the flowability of the material. As a result, it enhances the production process, reduces specific energy consumption, and improves the overall quality of the cement.
In addition to its primary function in cement grinding, AdoCem® WE++ has been shown to have beneficial effects on the physical properties of the cement, particularly in terms of workability and water demand in concrete mixes. By optimising the cement particle size distribution, the grinding aid can reduce water requirements, resulting in better workability retention and lower slump loss over time.

Slump loss problem in concrete
Concrete slump loss is a significant issue
that affects the workability of fresh concrete. Over time, fresh concrete tends to lose its fluidity, which can lead to challenges in handling and placing the mix. The rate of slump loss is influenced by several factors, including:

  • Cement fineness: Finer cement particles tend to absorb more water, requiring higher water-to-cement ratios to maintain a constant slump. This leads to increased slump loss.
  • Cement composition: The chemical composition and particle size distribution of the cement affect hydration rates and, consequently, the workability over time.
  • Environmental conditions: Temperature, humidity, and mixing conditions also play a critical role in slump retention.

In this context, the introduction of AdoCem® WE++ grinding aid helps optimise cement properties, ensuring that the water demand is minimised and workability is better maintained over an extended period, thereby mitigating slump loss.

Research methodology 4.1 Materials

  • Cement: Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) was used in this study.
  • Grinding aid: AdoCem® WE++ was used as the grinding aid, added at dosages of 0.06 per cent, 0.08 per cent, and 0.10 per cent by weight of cement.
  • Concrete mix: A standard concrete mix with a water-to-cement ratio of 0.50 was prepared. The target slump was 150 mm, with slump loss measurements taken at intervals up to 3 hours.

4.2 Experimental setup

  • Cement grinding: OPC was ground in a ball mill, with the addition of AdoCem® WE++ at the specified dosages. The energy consumption, fineness, and particle size distribution of the cement were analysed.
  • Concrete mix preparation: Concrete was mixed using cement treated with AdoCem® WE++ grinding aid, along with conventional mixing procedures.
  • Slump testing: Slump was measured using the standard slump cone test at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 180 minutes after mixing to determine the rate of slump loss.
  • Compressive strength: Concrete cubes (150 mm x 150 mm) were cast, cured, and tested at 7, 28, and 90 days to assess the impact of grinding aids on strength development.

Results and discussion
5.1 Cement fineness and energy consumption
The use of AdoCem® WE++ significantly improved the grinding efficiency, resulting in a more uniform particle size distribution. The cement treated with AdoCem® WE++ showed a Blaine fineness of 320 m²/kg, compared to 300 m²/kg for the control cement, indicating that the grinding aid allowed for finer grinding without increasing energy consumption. This reduced the production costs while improving cement quality.

5.2 Slump retention
The main focus of this study was to evaluate the effect of AdoCem® WE++ on slump retention. Concrete mixes with grinding aid-treated cement showed a notable improvement in slump retention over time compared to the control mix.

  • Control cement (no grinding aid): The control mix experienced a slump loss of 80 mm after
    2 hours.
  • AdoCem® WE++ at 0.06 per cent dosage: Concrete with cement treated with 0.06 per cent AdoCem® WE++ showed a slump loss of 100 mm after 3 hours, a significant improvement over the control mix.
  • AdoCem® WE++ at 0.08 per cent dosage: At a dosage of 0.08 per cent, the slump loss was reduced to 120 mm after 3 hours, demonstrating further improvement.
  • AdoCem® WE++ at 0.10 per cent dosage: The highest dosage of AdoCem® WE++ resulted in the best performance, with only a 150 mm slump loss after 3 hours, which meets the target of maintaining workability over extended periods.

5.3 Hydration behaviour and setting time
The addition of AdoCem® WE++ appeared to slightly delay the initial setting time compared to the control mix. This delay in setting time helps to extend the period during which the concrete remains workable, thereby reducing the risk of excessive slump loss. The improved hydration behaviour
also contributed to better overall consistency in the concrete mix.

5.4 Compressive strength
Concrete cubes made with cement treated by AdoCem® WE++ exhibited slightly higher compressive strength compared to the control mix. At 28 days, the compressive strength of the AdoCem® WE++ mixes were 5 per cent to 8 per cent higher, indicating that the grinding aid not only improved workability but also contributed to more efficient cement hydration and stronger concrete.

Conclusion
The addition of AdoCem® WE++ grinding aid during the cement grinding process significantly improves the workability retention of concrete, effectively maintaining slump loss over a 3-hour period. By optimising the particle size distribution of cement, AdoCem® WE++ reduces water demand and enhances the stability of the concrete mix, thereby ensuring that the slump remains within the desired range (150 mm) for an extended period. Furthermore, the grinding aid improves cement efficiency, reduces energy consumption during grinding, and enhances the strength development of concrete.
This study demonstrates that AdoCem® WE++ is an effective solution for mitigating concrete slump loss, making it a valuable tool for construction projects where concrete workability must be maintained over longer periods. The optimal dosage of AdoCem® WE++ for achieving the best performance in terms of slump retention and strength is around 0.1 per cent by weight of cement.

About the author:
Dr SB Hegde, a global cement industry leader with over 30 years of experience, is a Professor at Jain College of Engineering, India, and a Visiting Professor at Pennsylvania State University, USA.

Economy & Market

Smart Pumping for Rock Blasting

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SEEPEX introduces BN pumps with Smart Joint Access (SJA) to improve efficiency, reliability, and inspection speed in demanding rock blasting operations.
Designed for abrasive and chemical media, the solution supports precise dosing, reduced downtime, and enhanced operational safety.

SEEPEX has introduced BN pumps with Smart Joint Access (SJA), engineered for the reliable and precise transfer of abrasive, corrosive, and chemical media in mining and construction. Designed for rock blasting, the pump features a large inspection opening for quick joint checks, a compact footprint for mobile or skid-mounted installations, and flexible drive and material options for consistent performance and uptime.

“Operators can inspect joints quickly and rely on precise pumping of shear-sensitive and abrasive emulsions,” said Magalie Levray, Global Business Development Manager Mining at SEEPEX. “This is particularly critical in rock blasting, where every borehole counts for productivity.” Industry Context

Rock blasting is essential for extracting hard rock and shaping safe excavation profiles in mining and construction. Accurate and consistent loading of explosive emulsions ensures controlled fragmentation, protects personnel, and maximizes productivity. Even minor deviations in pumping can cause delays or reduce product quality. BN pumps with SJA support routine maintenance and pre-operation checks by allowing fast verification of joint integrity, enabling more efficient operations.

Always Inspection Ready

Smart Joint Access is designed for inspection-friendly operations. The large inspection opening in the suction housing provides direct access to both joints, enabling rapid pre-operation checks while maintaining high operational reliability. Technicians can assess joint condition quickly, supporting continuous, reliable operation.

Key Features

  • Compact Footprint: Fits truck-mounted mobile units, skid-mounted systems, and factory installations.
  • Flexible Drive Options: Compact hydraulic drive or electric drive configurations.
  • Hydraulic Efficiency: Low-displacement design reduces oil requirements and supports low total cost of ownership.
  • Equal Wall Stator Design: Ensures high-pressure performance in a compact footprint.
  • Material Flexibility: Stainless steel or steel housings, chrome-plated rotors, and stators in NBR, EPDM, or FKM.

Operators benefit from shorter inspection cycles, reliable dosing, seamless integration, and fast delivery through framework agreements, helping to maintain uptime in critical rock blasting processes.

Applications – Optimized for Rock Blasting

BN pumps with SJA are designed for mining, tunneling, quarrying, civil works, dam construction, and other sectors requiring precise handling of abrasive or chemical media. They provide robust performance while enabling fast, reliable inspection and maintenance.With SJA, operators can quickly access both joints without disassembly, ensuring emulsions are transferred accurately and consistently. This reduces downtime, preserves product integrity, and supports uniform dosing across multiple bore holes.

With the Smart Joint Access inspection opening, operators can quickly access and assess the condition of both joints without disassembly, enabling immediate verification of pump readiness prior to blast hole loading. This allows operators to confirm that emulsions are transferred accurately and consistently, protecting personnel, minimizing product degradation, and maintaining uniform dosing across multiple bore holes.

The combination of equal wall stator design, compact integration, flexible drives, and progressive cavity pump technology ensures continuous, reliable operation even in space-limited, high-pressure environments.

From Inspection to Operation

A leading explosives provider implemented BN pumps with SJA in open pit and underground operations. By replacing legacy pumps, inspection cycles were significantly shortened, allowing crews to complete pre-operation checks and return mobile units to productive work faster. Direct joint access through SJA enabled immediate verification, consistent emulsion dosing, and reduced downtime caused by joint-related deviations.

“The inspection opening gives immediate confidence that each joint is secure before proceeding to bore holes,” said a site technician. “It allows us to act quickly, keeping blasting schedules on track.”

Framework agreements ensured rapid pump supply and minimal downtime, supporting multi-site operations across continents

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Concrete

Digital process control is transforming grinding

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Satish Maheshwari, Chief Manufacturing Officer, Shree Cement, delves into how digital intelligence is transforming cement grinding into a predictive, stable, and energy-efficient operation.

Grinding sits at the heart of cement manufacturing, accounting for the largest share of electrical energy consumption. In this interview, Satish Maheshwari, Chief Manufacturing Officer, Shree Cement, explains how advanced grinding technologies, data-driven optimisation and process intelligence are transforming mill performance, reducing power consumption and supporting the industry’s decarbonisation goals.

How has the grinding process evolved in Indian cement plants to meet rising efficiency and sustainability expectations?
Over the past decade, Indian cement plants have seen a clear evolution in grinding technology, moving from conventional open-circuit ball mills to high-efficiency closed-circuit systems, Roller Press–Ball Mill combinations and Vertical Roller Mills (VRMs). This shift has been supported by advances in separator design, improved wear-resistant materials, and the growing use of digital process automation. As a result, grinding units today operate as highly controlled manufacturing systems where real-time data, process intelligence and efficient separation work together to deliver stable and predictable performance.
From a sustainability perspective, these developments directly reduce specific power consumption, improve equipment reliability and lower the carbon footprint per tonne of cement produced.

How critical is grinding optimisation in reducing specific power consumption across ball mills and VRMs?
Grinding is the largest consumer of electrical energy in a cement plant, which makes optimisation one of the most effective levers for improving energy efficiency. In ball mill systems, optimisation through correct media selection, charge design, diaphragm configuration, ventilation management and separator tuning can typically deliver power savings of 5 per cent to 8 per cent. In VRMs, fine-tuning airflow balance, grinding pressure, nozzle ring settings, and circulating load can unlock energy reductions in the range of 8 per cent to 12 per cent. Across both systems, sustained operation under stable conditions is critical. Consistency in mill loading and operating parameters improves quality control, reduces wear, and enables long-term energy efficiency, making stability a key operational KPI.

What challenges arise in maintaining consistent cement quality when using alternative raw materials and blended compositions?
The increased use of alternative raw materials and supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) introduces variability in chemistry, moisture, hardness, and loss on ignition. This variability makes it more challenging to maintain consistent fineness, particle size distribution, throughput and downstream performance parameters such as setting time, strength development and workability.
As clinker substitution levels rise, grinding precision becomes increasingly important. Even small improvements in consistency enable higher SCM utilisation without compromising cement performance.
Addressing these challenges requires stronger feed homogenisation, real-time quality monitoring and dynamic adjustment of grinding parameters so that output quality remains stable despite changing input characteristics.

How is digital process control changing the way grinding performance is optimised?
Digital process control is transforming grinding from an operator-dependent activity into a predictive, model-driven operation. Technologies such as online particle size and residue analysers, AI-based optimisation platforms, digital twins for VRMs and Roller Press systems, and advanced process control solutions are redefining how performance is managed.
At the same time, workforce roles are evolving. Operators are increasingly focused on interpreting data trends through digital dashboards and responding proactively rather than relying on manual interventions. Together, these tools improve mill stability, enable faster response to disturbances, maintain consistent fineness, and reduce specific energy consumption while minimising manual effort.

How do you see grinding technologies supporting the industry’s low-clinker and decarbonisation goals?
Modern grinding technologies are central to the industry’s decarbonisation efforts. They enable higher incorporation of SCMs such as fly ash, slag, and limestone, improve particle fineness and reactivity, and reduce overall power consumption. Efficient grinding makes it possible to maintain consistent cement quality at lower clinker factors. Every improvement in energy intensity and particle engineering directly contributes to lower CO2 emissions.
As India moves toward low-carbon construction, precision grinding will remain a foundational capability for delivering sustainable, high-performance cement aligned with national and global climate objectives.

How much potential does grinding optimisation hold for immediate energy
and cost savings?
The potential for near-term savings is substantial. Without major capital investment, most plants can achieve 5 per cent to 15 per cent power reduction through measures such as improving separator efficiency, optimising ventilation, refining media grading, and fine-tuning operating parameters.
With continued capacity expansion across India, advanced optimisation tools will help ensure that productivity gains are not matched by proportional increases in energy demand. Given current power costs, this translates into direct and measurable financial benefits, making grinding optimisation one of the fastest-payback operational initiatives available to cement manufacturers today.

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Concrete

Refractory demands in our kiln have changed

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Radha Singh, Senior Manager (P&Q), Shree Digvijay Cement, points out why performance, predictability and life-cycle value now matter more than routine replacement in cement kilns.

As Indian cement plants push for higher throughput, increased alternative fuel usage and tighter shutdown cycles, refractory performance in kilns and pyro-processing systems is under growing pressure. In this interview, Radha Singh, Senior Manager (P&Q), Shree Digvijay Cement, shares how refractory demands have evolved on the ground and how smarter digital monitoring is improving kiln stability, uptime and clinker quality.

How have refractory demands changed in your kiln and pyro-processing line over the last five years?
Over the last five years, refractory demands in our kiln and pyro line have changed. Earlier, the focus was mostly on standard grades and routine shutdown-based replacement. But now, because of higher production loads, more alternative fuels and raw materials (AFR) usage and greater temperature variation, the expectation from refractory has increased.
In our own case, the current kiln refractory has already completed around 1.5 years, which itself shows how much more we now rely on materials that can handle thermal shock, alkali attack and coating fluctuations. We have moved towards more stable, high-performance linings so that we don’t have to enter the kiln frequently for repairs.
Overall, the shift has been from just ‘installation and run’ to selecting refractories that give longer life, better coating behaviour and more predictable performance under tougher operating conditions.

What are the biggest refractory challenges in the preheater, calciner and cooler zones?
• Preheater: Coating instability, chloride/sulphur cycles and brick erosion.
• Calciner: AFR firing, thermal shock and alkali infiltration.
• Cooler: Severe abrasion, red-river formation and mechanical stress on linings.
Overall, the biggest challenge is maintaining lining stability under highly variable operating conditions.

How do you evaluate and select refractory partners for long-term performance?
In real plant conditions, we don’t select a refractory partner just by looking at price. First, we see their past performance in similar kilns and whether their material has actually survived our operating conditions. We also check how strong their technical support is during shutdowns, because installation quality matters as much as the material itself.
Another key point is how quickly they respond during breakdowns or hot spots. A good partner should be available on short notice. We also look at their failure analysis capability, whether they can explain why a lining failed and suggest improvements.
On top of this, we review the life they delivered in the last few campaigns, their supply reliability and their willingness to offer plant-specific custom solutions instead of generic grades. Only a partner who supports us throughout the life cycle, which includes selection, installation, monitoring and post-failure analysis, fits our long-term requirement.

Can you share a recent example where better refractory selection improved uptime or clinker quality?
Recently, we upgraded to a high-abrasion basic brick at the kiln outlet. Earlier we had frequent chipping and coating loss. With the new lining, thermal stability improved and the coating became much more stable. As a result, our shutdown interval increased and clinker quality remained more consistent. It had a direct impact on our uptime.

How is increased AFR use affecting refractory behaviour?
Increased AFR use is definitely putting more stress on the refractory. The biggest issue we see daily is the rise in chlorine, alkalis and volatiles, which directly attack the lining, especially in the calciner and kiln inlet. AFR firing is also not as stable as conventional fuel, so we face frequent temperature fluctuations, which cause more thermal shock and small cracks in the lining.
Another real problem is coating instability. Some days the coating builds too fast, other days it suddenly drops, and both conditions impact refractory life. We also notice more dust circulation and buildup inside the calciner whenever the AFR mix changes, which again increases erosion.
Because of these practical issues, we have started relying more on alkali-resistant, low-porosity and better thermal shock–resistant materials to handle the additional stress coming from AFR.

What role does digital monitoring or thermal profiling play in your refractory strategy?
Digital tools like kiln shell scanners, IR imaging and thermal profiling help us detect weakening areas much earlier. This reduces unplanned shutdowns, helps identify hotspots accurately and allows us to replace only the critical sections. Overall, our maintenance has shifted from reactive to predictive, improving lining life significantly.

How do you balance cost, durability and installation speed during refractory shutdowns?
We focus on three points:
• Material quality that suits our thermal profile and chemistry.
• Installation speed, in fast turnarounds, we prefer monolithic.
• Life-cycle cost—the cheapest material is not the most economical. We look at durability, future downtime and total cost of ownership.
This balance ensures reliable performance without unnecessary expenditure.

What refractory or pyro-processing innovations could transform Indian cement operations?
Some promising developments include:
• High-performance, low-porosity and nano-bonded refractories
• Precast modular linings to drastically reduce shutdown time
• AI-driven kiln thermal analytics
• Advanced coating management solutions
• More AFR-compatible refractory mixes

These innovations can significantly improve kiln stability, efficiency and maintenance planning across the industry.

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