Connect with us

Concrete

Utilisation of Alternative Fuels and Raw Materials in Indian Cement Industry: The Current Scenario and Future Prospects

Published

on

Shares

With the net zero target confirmed for India, the Indian cement sector needs to optimise its efforts in utilising alternative fuels and raw materials, as these two factors are instrumental in determining the industry’s contribution in the nation’s carbon neutral future

Climate Change, fast depleting natural resources like limestone, increased cost of conventional fuels like petcoke and coal, have become a matter of great concern for cement industry all over the world. Recently, our Hon’ble Prime Minister of India Shri Narendra Modi has committed to cut the CO2 emissions in the COP 26 summit at Glasgow in November 2021 and has set a Net Zero Carbon target for India by the year 2070. Cement industry, generating 7 per cent of anthropogenic CO2 emissions will also have to move towards the path of decarbonisation. The process emissions from calcination are hard to abate, however, the emissions from fuel combustion can be avoided by replacing fossil fuels with alternative fuels.
Cement industry is making enormous efforts to enhance the utilisation of alternative fuels by co-processing of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes/by-products from various industries like pharma industry, paint industry, processed municipal solid waste from local bodies, etc. However, one of the pressing issues is to enhance the utilisation of alternative fuels to achieve TSR of 25 per cent by 2030 without impacting the productivity, product quality and environment emissions.
Niti Aayog has also focused on implementation of a circular economy in India by preparing comprehensive action plans for different wastes available in our country. Implementation of Circular Economy will not only help in reducing the dependence on natural resources but also help in gaining economic advantage to the industry. Rapid industrialisation has resulted in generation of large quantities of industrial wastes such as fly ash in thermal power plants, slag from steel industry, red mud from aluminium industry, copper slag from copper industry, dolochar from sponge iron industry, lime sludge from paper industry. Some of these wastes have high potential for utilization as raw mix / blending components in cement manufacturing and are being gainfully utilised in the cement industry. Cement industry plays a central role in the Circular Economy framework and is a key component of industrial waste management in India.
Utilisation of Alternative Fuels and Raw Materials (AFR) in cement industry, therefore, helps in reduction in carbon footprint, increased sustainability, avoiding consumption of fossil fuel and its associated higher cost as well as implementation of a circular economy in India.
Status of Alternative Fuel Utilisation in Indian Cement Industry
The utilisation of alternative fuels in cement kilns started in Year 2000 with the active support of the Central Pollution Control Board. With persistent efforts of the cement industry, Government of India and other stakeholders, the Thermal Substitution Rate (TSR) has now increased to ~5 per cent as compared to 0.6 per cent in 2010. The Indian cement industry has been using large quantities of wastes such as non-recyclable hazardous and other wastes, segregated combustible fractions from Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW), plastics wastes, tyre wastes, surplus biomass etc. as alternative fuel in cement plants. Some of the hazardous and non-hazardous wastes presently used in cement plants are:
Hazardous waste: textile ETP sludge, tannery ETP sludge, TDI tar, paint sludge, process waste, waste residue, chemical sludge, process sludge, phosphate sludge, chemical sludge from ETP, insulation waste, mixed salt, organic residue, liquid organic residue, spent solvent, benzofuran and waste lubricant oil.
Non-hazardous waste: Tyre chips, RDF, plastic waste, FMCG expired products, wood/bamboo chips, carbon black, biomass like rice husk, groundnut husk, cashew nut husk, poppy straw, opium marc etc.
The availability and characterisation of some of the non-hazardous waste and hazardous waste are given in Tables 1 and 2 respectively.
The leading cement companies in India have achieved Thermal substitution rate (%TSR) in the range of 3 – 7 per cent on an average annually as shown in Table 3. However, some cement plants in India have achieved high %TSR up to 15 – 25 per cent.

Thermal substitution rate of India is comparable with other countries such as 100 per cent TSR in Australia, 100 per cent TSR in France and South Korea is equivalent to 4 per cent, 8 per cent and 25 per cent TSR in India respectively. This indicates that TSR in India is still reasonably good considering high cement production capacity but still has huge potential to achieve high TSR.

Status of Alternative Raw Materials Utilisation in Indian Cement Industry
Cement industry uses a number of wastes and by-products as supplementary raw materials in cement raw mix which are referred to as alternative raw materials. Industrial and mineral wastes from mineral processing industries, such as metallurgy, petrochemicals, chemicals, paper and pulp account for nearly 275 million tonnes per annum. The more important wastes are fly ash from thermal power plants, slag from steel industry, metallurgical slags from non-ferrous industry, press mud from sugar industry, paper sludge from pulp and paper industry, phospho- chalk and phosphogypsum from fertilizer industry, red mud from aluminium industry, wollastonite mineral and ore tailings, catalyst fines, foundry sand and leather sludge from tannery effluent treatment plants. It is essential that the composition of the alternative raw materials considered for the cement raw mix be compatible with the materials they intend to replace or supplement. Marble slurry/dust, waste generated by the marble processing industries, particularly in the state of Rajasthan. Physical, chemical and mineralogical evaluation of these wastes showed their similarity with conventional limestone and could be used in cement and construction industry. Due to their compatibility with cement system, marble waste materials could be used in cement manufacture (i) as raw material in Portland clinker making (ii) in blended cement (iii) in the development of various building products such as marble coating, tiles and bricks (iv) as fine aggregate in concrete etc. High moisture content and inconsistent quality of marble wastes are the main factors for their limited use in cement manufacturing units.
Waste generated by different industries and their characteristics, which has the potential to be used in the Indian cement industry is shown in Tables 4 and 5 respectively.

ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN
INCREASING %TSR IN CEMENT INDUSTRY

The major issues faced by cement plants in enhancing AF utilization up to 25% TSR and above are:

  • Non homogeneity of MSW based RDF is one of the prominent issues faced by the industry. Although the quality of RDF has improved in recent years due to initiatives taken by the Government of India and local bodies. Some other alternatives to utilize MSW like MSW/RDF gasification to produce synthesis gas of consistent quality can be explored. Countries like China are already using gasification techniques to produce homogeneous synthesis gas.
  • High chloride content in the alternative fuel or raw material creates problems of coating/jamming. In order to achieve TSR of 25 per cent, cement plants will have to install kiln by-pass systems which needs substantial investment and adverse impact on unit cost of cement production. Handling of by-pass dust with high chlorine concentration will also be a critical task.
  • Lack of database on inventory of alternative fuels as well as district and sector wise break up is a major hurdle in sourcing the waste and eventually in increasing TSR.
  • Efficient shredding system is important to have proper output size of AF and avoid jamming issues. Pre-processing and handling of wastes bring the overall cost close to the price of conventional fuel in India and sometimes even higher in cement plants.
  • Plants need to upgrade their present testing laboratories which requires investment and skilled manpower. Upgradation of lab facilities includes sample preparation, testing of characterisation of hazardous waste like calorific value, proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, chlorine, fluorine and phosphorus, heavy metals, flash point, mixing compatibility, reactive sulphide, cyanide or halides.
  • Skill development of CCR operators to handle several types of waste in their calciners/kilns is also required.

NCB’s EXPERIENCE

  • NCB has vast experience of analytical studies, trial runs and system design for AFR utilization. Recently, NCB has carried out studies for feasibility of utilization of Tyre Derived Fuel (TDF) and system design to handle multi fuels for various cement plants in India. Recently, a detailed project report has been prepared to achieve 25 per cent TSR through RDF in kiln main burner for a cement plant in Southern India. Feasibility studies for liquid alternative fuels were also carried out in the recent past.
  • Presently, NCB is carrying out Project Management Consultancy project for Installation of Tyre Chips Storage, Feeding and Dosing System as well as enhancing AFR utilisation at cement plants. NCB has also undertaken a research project on design and development of Transfer Chute, which will be able to handle variation in characteristics of different kinds of solid wastes like RDF without any issues of chute jamming. NCB has also carried out studies on utilisation scenarios of 15 inorganic industrial wastes including lime sludge, wolstanite, leather sludge, jarosite, LD slag, red mud and marble slurry in cement manufacture as well as aggregate in concrete. NCB is also involved in preparing action plans for Phosphogypsum, FGD gypsum and C&D waste for the concerned ministries.
  • NCB is fully equipped to undertake any studies related to AFR utilisation owing to its vast experience coupled with state of art testing and evaluation facilities and has been providing its services to the industry in India and abroad.
  • Utilisation of AFR is a win-win situation for cement industry, society and the Government in India. Uncertainty in availability, higher cost of conventional fuels, and climate change are some of the key drivers to enhance AFR utilisation in India. Improving the quality of potential alternative fuels like RDF at minimal cost and making AF/RDF available to cement industry within their reach will make alternative fuels a lucrative option for cement industry. Waste management models adopted in Kerala and Indore, should be replicated in local bodies of other States. Promoting AFR usage will address the menace of the ever-growing problem of waste management, which poses serious environmental and ecological problems in the country.

About the author:
Dr. BN Mohapatra is the Director General of National Council for Cement and Building Materials (NCCBM). He is a Phd in Cement Mineral Chemistry, enriched with 13 years of research and development and over 22 years of industry experience with a strong academic relations with premier institutes. He is the chairman of the Cement Sectoral Committee of the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE).

Images Sources: Google Images

Concrete

ABB Extends Drive Lifespan at ACC Cement Plant Without Production Shutdown

Published

on

By

Shares

ABB reconditions 25 drives at ACC’s Jamul cement plant, avoiding 16 tonnes of CO₂ emissions while improving reliability through predictive maintenance.
Chhattisgarh

ABB has signed a multi-year Motion OneCare service agreement with ACC Limited, part of the Adani Group, to modernise ageing industrial drives at its Jamul cement plant in Chhattisgarh, improving operational reliability while avoiding approximately 16 tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions without disrupting production.

Announced on 27 October 2026, the agreement combines scheduled drive reconditioning, digital condition monitoring and energy appraisals to extend equipment lifespan, improve plant uptime and optimise maintenance costs. The initiative marks a shift from conventional equipment replacement towards a more resource-efficient approach to industrial asset management.

The first phase, completed in April 2026, involved the on-site reconditioning of 25 ABB ACS800 variable speed drives without a major plant shutdown. By retaining the existing cabinets and restoring the drive modules rather than replacing entire panels, ABB helped ACC preserve capital investment, minimise material consumption and avoid approximately 16 tonnes of CO₂ emissions.

A second phase, covering an additional 25 ACS800 drive modules, is scheduled for the fourth quarter of 2026. The programme is designed to improve long-term equipment reliability while allowing maintenance activities to be aligned with the plant’s operational schedules.

The ACS800 drives, installed at Jamul in 2010, had delivered more than a decade of near-continuous service in demanding cement manufacturing conditions. However, ageing electrical components and changing fault patterns had begun to affect their ability to meet the plant’s reliability requirements.

Rather than opting for complete equipment replacement, ACC engaged ABB’s certified engineers to conduct a comprehensive asset health assessment. The evaluation found that the existing cabinets and enclosures remained structurally sound, making targeted reconditioning a technically viable and cost-effective alternative to full replacement.

Drawing on nearly two decades of experience with ACC’s equipment and operating requirements, ABB developed a maintenance framework tailored to the plant’s shutdown windows, budget cycles and production priorities.

The Motion OneCare agreement incorporates planned equipment restoration, condition-based monitoring and energy assessments, enabling ACC to adopt a more systematic approach to maintaining critical electrical infrastructure.

As part of the programme, ACC has implemented ABB Ability™ Digital Powertrain Insights to monitor drive performance and identify emerging operational issues before they result in equipment failures.

The digital platform provides continuous visibility into parameters such as temperature, current, vibration and fault patterns. These insights allow maintenance teams to detect early signs of equipment deterioration, schedule interventions more effectively and reduce the likelihood of unexpected downtime.

Amit Gupta, Local Division Manager, Motion Services, ABB India, said: “We know what unchecked wear costs over time: a small inefficiency that eats away at ROI for years. At Jamul, the evidence pointed clearly to assets with productive life still in them.”

“Our job was to restore them properly and give the team the tools to stay ahead of the next problem. At ABB, we don’t just fix what fails. We want to protect what works.”

The initiative also demonstrates the growing relevance of circular economy principles in cement manufacturing, where extending the service life of existing industrial equipment can reduce capital expenditure, material consumption and the environmental impact associated with manufacturing replacement components.

According to ABB, drive reconditioning can reduce lifecycle emissions by 50 to 80 per cent compared with complete equipment replacement. By preserving functional components and restoring critical modules, the process helps retain the economic and material value of existing industrial assets.

The addition of energy appraisals in subsequent phases will further expand the programme beyond equipment restoration, enabling ACC to assess drive performance, identify energy-saving opportunities and improve operating efficiency.

For cement manufacturers, variable speed drives play an important role in controlling motors and optimising energy consumption across production processes. Maintaining their reliability and efficiency is essential for minimising operational disruptions and managing electricity costs.

Vinod Bahety, CEO – Cement Business, Adani Group, said: “Moving from reactive firefighting to a structured maintenance plan was exactly what this operation needed. That kind of peace of mind doesn’t come easily. It comes from a partner that understands how your business runs.”

“We didn’t need a full system overhaul; we needed expert support, actionable insights, and a plan we could execute around our schedule. That’s what we got.”

The project supports ACC’s broader strategy to improve manufacturing efficiency through digital transformation, preventive maintenance and sustainable asset management.

ACC, a subsidiary of Ambuja Cements and part of the Adani Group, operates 20 cement manufacturing facilities and 119 ready-mix concrete plants across India. The company has been advancing initiatives focused on renewable energy, circular economy practices and technology-driven operational improvements.

Alongside Ambuja Cements, ACC is part of a large-scale building materials business committed to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050, with near-term and net-zero targets validated by the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi).

The Jamul initiative aligns with these sustainability objectives by demonstrating how equipment life extension and digital monitoring can contribute to resource efficiency without requiring large-scale replacement of existing infrastructure.

ABB, a global technology company specialising in electrification and automation, brings more than 140 years of industrial expertise and employs approximately 110,000 people worldwide. Its Motion Services business supports industrial customers through equipment maintenance, modernisation, digital monitoring and lifecycle management solutions.

The agreement also reflects a wider shift in industrial maintenance practices, with manufacturers increasingly adopting predictive technologies to improve equipment availability, manage costs and reduce unplanned shutdowns.

With 25 drives already reconditioned and another 25 scheduled for restoration, ABB’s collaboration with ACC illustrates how targeted modernisation, digital monitoring and circular maintenance practices can extend the operational life of critical equipment while supporting more efficient and sustainable cement production.

Continue Reading

Concrete

ABB Drives Digital Transformation at TCI MAX Cement Plant in J&K

Published

on

By

Shares

ABB deploys advanced process control at TCI MAX’s Srinagar cement plant to improve clinker quality, energy efficiency and sustainable manufacturing.

Kashmir 

ABB has deployed its advanced process control technology at TCI MAX Cement’s Srinagar facility in Jammu and Kashmir, marking the region’s first reported implementation of advanced process control (APC) in cement manufacturing and strengthening efforts towards more efficient, digitally enabled production.

Announced on 5 November 2026, the deployment of ABB Ability™ Expert Optimizer at the facility, operated by Trumboo Industries Pvt. Ltd., aims to improve process stability, clinker quality, energy efficiency and overall plant productivity. The implementation forms part of TCI MAX’s strategy to modernise its manufacturing operations through automation and digital technologies.

Following the integration of ABB’s advanced process control solution and supporting IT infrastructure, TCI MAX has reported improvements in operational productivity, product quality and sustainability-related performance indicators. The technology focuses on optimising the cement pyro process, a critical stage of production involving high-temperature processing and clinker formation.

Waseem Ahmed Trumboo, Director, Trumboo Industries Pvt. Ltd., said: “Introducing advanced process control at TCI MAX is an important step in how we are evolving our operations. Our focus is on improving the stability and efficiency of our processes while maintaining consistent clinker quality. We have been encouraged by the performance of the solution during commissioning and by the support from the ABB team, and we look forward to realizing its full potential.”

ABB Ability™ Expert Optimizer combines advanced process control, model predictive control (MPC) and artificial intelligence (AI) to continuously monitor and optimise manufacturing operations. By analysing process conditions, predicting operational behaviour and automatically adjusting key parameters, the system enables more consistent production while reducing process variability.

In cement manufacturing, maintaining stable pyro-processing conditions is essential for achieving uniform clinker quality and optimising thermal energy consumption. Fluctuations in operating parameters can affect fuel efficiency, production output and product consistency.

The deployment is designed to address these challenges through real-time process optimisation, helping operators maintain more stable kiln operations while improving the utilisation of fuel, electricity and raw materials.

Kapil Agarwal, Senior Vice President and Local Division Manager, Process Industries Division, ABB India, said: “Cement producers are increasingly looking to adopt digital technologies to achieve greater consistency and efficiency while addressing their sustainability priorities. ABB Ability™ Expert Optimizer brings advanced process control and deep cement process expertise together to help operators make their processes more stable and efficient. We are pleased to support TCI MAX as it takes this important step in its digital transformation.”

The technology also supports sustainability objectives by optimising fuel consumption, improving electrical energy efficiency and minimising process waste. More stable operations can contribute to lower energy intensity and reduced emissions associated with cement production.

For TCI MAX, the investment represents a move towards data-driven manufacturing, where automated control systems complement operator expertise to improve production performance and operational reliability.

The implementation is particularly significant for Jammu and Kashmir’s cement industry, as it introduces advanced process optimisation technology to a regional manufacturing facility. Its deployment could demonstrate the potential for wider adoption of digital automation across cement plants seeking to modernise their operations.

The project builds on ABB’s experience in delivering advanced process control solutions to cement manufacturers worldwide. Through the integration of industrial automation, predictive technologies and process engineering expertise, the company supports manufacturers in improving resource efficiency and maintaining consistent production quality.

As cement producers face increasing pressure to manage energy costs, improve productivity and reduce their environmental footprint, technologies such as AI-enabled process control and predictive optimisation are becoming important components of plant modernisation strategies.

ABB’s Expert Optimizer provides a platform for addressing these priorities by enabling automated adjustments based on changing process conditions, reducing reliance on manual intervention and supporting more efficient plant operation.

ABB, a global technology company specialising in electrification and automation, has more than 140 years of industrial experience and approximately 110,000 employees worldwide. Its Automation business employs around 26,000 people and provides technologies and services across process, hybrid and maritime industries.

The TCI MAX deployment reinforces ABB’s growing role in the digital transformation of cement manufacturing in India, where improving process efficiency and reducing energy consumption remain critical to the industry’s long-term sustainability.

With the advanced process control system now implemented at its Srinagar facility, TCI MAX aims to build on the initial operational improvements and further optimise production efficiency, clinker consistency and environmental performance.

Continue Reading

Concrete

Ramco Cements’ Hard Worker Wins Eight Awards at ‘Love of Advertising Awards 2026’

Published

on

By

Shares

Ramco Cements’ Hard Worker brand wins eight awards for excellence in advertising, packaging and brand identity at the Love of Advertising Awards 2026.

Hyderabad 

The Ramco Cements Limited’s construction chemicals brand, Hard Worker, has secured eight awards at the Love of Advertising Awards 2026, recognising its creative excellence across television, digital advertising, packaging design and brand identity.

Organised by the Advertising Club of Trivandrum, the awards were presented at a ceremony held at The Leela Raviz, Kovalam, on 24 October 2026. The recognition highlights Hard Worker’s integrated marketing strategy and its efforts to establish a distinctive presence in India’s competitive construction chemicals market.

The eight awards span multiple creative categories, reflecting the brand’s approach to combining product-focused communication with engaging storytelling, humour and innovative design. Through its campaigns, Hard Worker has sought to simplify technical product benefits and make construction chemicals more accessible and relatable to consumers and construction professionals.

Built around the philosophy of “Hard-working products for hardworking people”, the brand focuses on communicating practical product advantages through memorable advertising narratives while maintaining a consistent identity across different marketing platforms.

Its campaigns for Ramco Hard Worker Eco Plaster and Tile Fix have been central to this approach. The Eco Plaster campaign highlights water conservation through the product’s self-curing properties, positioning it as a solution that supports more efficient construction practices. Meanwhile, Tile Fix promotes specialised tile-fixing solutions by presenting their practical benefits through relatable situations and creative storytelling.

Beyond advertising, Hard Worker has invested in distinctive packaging and brand identity development to improve product recognition and maintain consistency across customer touchpoints. This integrated approach has helped the brand differentiate itself in a category where marketing communication has traditionally focused on technical specifications and functional performance.

A V Dharmakrishnan, CEO, Ramco Cements, said, “Winning eight awards at the Love of Advertising Awards is a proud moment for Ramco Cements and the Hard Worker team. We believe that building a strong brand requires not only quality products but also the ability to communicate their value in a compelling and differentiated manner. Hard Worker’s journey reflects our commitment to combining product performance with innovative marketing to create meaningful connections with our customers and strengthen our presence in the construction chemicals market.”

The recognition comes as building materials manufacturers increasingly focus on brand differentiation, product awareness and customer engagement to strengthen their position in the construction chemicals segment.

By using humour and storytelling to explain product applications and benefits, Hard Worker aims to bridge the communication gap between technical construction solutions and the practical requirements of contractors, applicators and end-users.

Balaji K. Moorthy, Executive Director – Marketing, Ramco Cements, said, “Hard Worker was conceived to bring a fresh perspective to the construction chemicals category, where product communication has traditionally been functional and technical. Our endeavour has been to break through the clutter with distinctive ideas, humour and storytelling, while keeping the product proposition at the heart of every campaign. The recognition across TV and digital advertising, packaging design and brand identity design demonstrates our integrated approach to building the brand. These eight awards are an encouraging recognition of the creative thinking and collaborative effort behind Hard Worker’s marketing initiatives.”

The awards add to Hard Worker’s growing portfolio of creative recognitions and reinforce Ramco Cements’ emphasis on integrating product innovation with strategic marketing.

The brand’s communication initiatives also reflect a wider shift in the construction materials industry, where manufacturers are increasingly adopting consumer-focused marketing strategies to improve product understanding and strengthen relationships with construction professionals.

With its portfolio of construction chemicals, Hard Worker aims to address evolving requirements for durability, application efficiency and construction quality. Its marketing efforts seek to complement these product attributes by building stronger awareness and encouraging the adoption of specialised construction solutions.

Ramco Cements, one of India’s established cement manufacturers, operates across cement and allied building solutions. Through Hard Worker, the company is expanding its presence in the construction chemicals segment with products designed to enhance performance, quality and durability in modern construction applications.

The latest recognition strengthens Hard Worker’s brand visibility and underscores the growing importance of creative communication in promoting technical building materials. Ramco Cements intends to continue combining product development with distinctive marketing initiatives to support the brand’s growth in India’s construction chemicals market.

Continue Reading

Video Thumbnail
▶

    SIGN-UP FOR OUR GENERAL NEWSLETTER

    Trending News

    SUBSCRIBE TO THE NEWSLETTER

     

    Don't miss out on valuable insights and opportunities to connect with like minded professionals.

     


      This will close in 0 seconds