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Economy & Market

Bags still hold fort

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Despite entry of latest technologies like BOPP, woven bags are expected to see rise in their demand due to its cost advantage.

Cement is one of the largest bulk materials being handled on our planet. Producing a material in such massive quantities and distributing is a major logistics challenge. That is where bagging and packaging function comes in handy for the cement industry players.

Though there is hardly any change in the material consumed for manufacturing cement packaging, the new technologies and processes are making them high on productivity, safety, fast, leak-proof, and amenable to automation and ease of load and re-load, when compared to yester years when it was dangerous, hazardous and labour-intensive.

Bags are a common way of distribution in the industry, accounting for about 60 per cent of the product shipped to consumers/users. Bulk packaging, though is yet to catch up on a large scale in India, it is being patronised by some major cement manufacturers and bulk consumers.

Up to 1970s, all cement bags used to be made of jute, which had zero moisture resistance and was prone to high spillage during handling and transportation. Since then switchover to plain woven polypropylene (PP) sacks took place. To upgrade PP bags, concept of lamination was introduced which came with an increase in packaging and handling cost. Some manufacturers are also using BOPP laminated bags to enhance brand value.

Though there are several manufacturers of cement packaging bags in the country, most of the highly advanced automated machinery and systems are being imported from countries like Germany, Italy, Switzerland, the US, Taiwan etc.

Latest technologies
Innovation has been the key for growth of global players like Windmoeller & Hoelscher during the recent years, particularly when it has introduced hot air to seal the moisture-proof sacks that used to be closed with adhesives earlier, thereby reducing production costs and technical process limitations. Another global player, FLSmidth offers complete automation solutions by integrating various product types with that of fully automated packing plants, and automating even loading and unloading activities.

Latest technologies help produce much lighter woven sacks for cement packaging without losing on strength or performance of the cement sack. "Hot air sealed Block Bottom bags’ (BB bags) growth worldwide has also seen development of newer concepts. Very interesting solutions are now available in the market, especially Biaxially-Oriented Polypropylene (BOPP) laminated BB bags have picked up very well in the market," says Anuj Sahni, General Manager – Sales & Marketing, Windmoeller & Hoelscher India. These bags allow very high quality printing on the bags, even bags with metalized and holographic films are being used. BB bags with nonwoven fabric lamination and also with inner paper ply are also providing solutions for packing cement.

Referring to the latest and emerging technologies on the horizon, Pranav Desai, Vice President, R&D and Head Construction Development and Innovation Centre (CDIC), Nuvoco Vistas Corp, says, "The concepts of 2 – 3 ply paper bags are emerging gradually. These bags are biodegradable and protect the inside materials well, but only disadvantage being the cost and handling care – which again pushes up the cost."

In the process of introducing some innovative cement and concrete products into the market, Novoco has played the role of a catalyst for development of different kinds of packaging materials and consequently new packaging equipment. Nuvoco was one of the first building materials company to introduce wet ready-to-use premixed range of concrete and mortar "Instamix" in 35 kg bags. "With these ready-to-use concrete and mortar in bags, Nuvoco has ensured cost-effective and easy construction in any location. It is easy to use on site, as placing and spreading is more efficient," Desai adds.

Nuvoco has also introduced tamper proof bags by double stitching them for its Duraguard brand in the north after its market research showed concerns of duplication of the brand. This was done in order to reinforce its quality and commitment to customers.

Other cost-effective development on paper bags and equipment side are introduction of digital pasting technology. Digital pasting is a solution where the glue consumption on paper bags can be reduced drastically without compromising on bag strength, through precise gluing technology.

Cost-effective
A reasonable amount of cost is incurred towards packaging. However, the customer appreciates the benefits of better packaging and is willing to pay the additional price. ?In terms of stacking up of various options, HDPE bags are the most cost-effective, followed by Laminated PP, BOPP and Paper bags, says Desai of Nuvoco.

Three most used variants in cement packaging in India and also most of the globe, are uncoated sewn cement bags, multiwall paper sacks and hot air sealed block bottom bags (BB bags). "Sewn cement bags are lowest priced than BB bags (extrusion coated), and generally paper sacks are costlier. This is the general trend but eventual costs can depend on more variables," says Sahni.

Woven cement sacks are used multiple times after their primary function for mobilizing sand, aggregates, rubble, bricks and other materials. Also the family of plastics used for producing woven sacks are single family polyolefins, so recyclability is very easy. Besides, plastic has other benefits and is an outstanding material. "We believe that woven bag consumption for cement packaging will keep growing due to above reasons, especially in India," Sahni adds.

But the eventual cost to end users or cement companies depends on various other factors besides only the direct bag costs, i.e., bursting of bags, leakers, pilferage, counterfeiting etc., besides business opportunities in terms of margins, sales turnover, brand value etc. "We have seen cement companies prefer BB bags or multiwall solutions once the end user does a detailed analysis of eventual costs and benefits," Sahni says. The final solution being used also depends on availability of raw materials, logistics available, storage conditions, climatic conditions, and the biggest of them all, i.e., solutions preferred by the end user.

Sustainable packaging is the underlying principle that Nuvoco follows which is replicated through our Laminated PP, moisture and tamper proof cement bags.

"Today, across industry, approximately three per cent of the cement produced is lost in the supply chain and this loss is largely attributed to the cement bags being stored in open environments and use of hooks for unloading across the supply chain, making them vulnerable to damages," says Desai.

Automation
Use of automation in cement packaging is an imperative. "All our packaging machines are calibrated to discharge exact quantity of cement, ensuring higher consistency, speed and accuracy," says Desai.

A packaging solution which has strict dimensional tolerance control and has lesser number of ply would be more suited for automated filling systems. Automated systems are designed to handle a given specification of bags, if bags deviate from these specifications then the automated bag handling systems may show errors or stoppages, says Sahni.

Also cement packing is air assisted, the more the number of layers a packaging solution will have the more difficult it generally gets for the air to escape from the bag, thus reducing filling speeds. Well-designed perforation systems on multiply bags or high-porous paper can help overcome this problem, Sahni adds. Automation is being equally applied to loading and reloading of trucks to avoid congestion in factories.

The housing segment accounts for approximately 65 per cent of the cement consumption, with Affordable housing and Independent House Builders (IHBs) being major consumers. "The IHB’s tend to buy in small lots with constraints in storage space and security of the material. Hence the retail packaging dominates over bulk packaging at an overall level," Desai says.

The demand dynamics could change when we talk about large projects, where the concept of smart silos (capacity up to 8 MT) is picking up and contractors are shifting towards buying bulk cement. Also, with the increase in ready-mix usage, the share of bulk cement is gradually increasing, adds Desai.

Looking ahead
A well-designed packaging can help a cement producer work on all the issues positively and effectively- environmental impact, speed, product protection, shelf life, customer education and brand recall. Thus, the importance of bagging and packaging cannot be over estimated.

Coming to demand side dynamics, the past two years have witnessed a robust demand for cement and the momentum is expected to sustain on account of increased budgetary allocation towards infrastructure (including roads and railways), rural development and affordable housing demand in rural and urban areas especially under PMAY scheme, predicts Desai.

Cement demand has a strong co-relation with the GDP growth with an empirically established ratio of 1.2x to 1.3x, thus providing an outlook of approximately 8 per cent CAGR over next three years.

– B.S. SRINIVASALU REDDY

Factors to be considered for best packaging
The factors one should consider while searching for the best packaging production are:

  • Sack geometry
  • Sack converting
  • Sack design
  • Appearance
  • Stack design

Each aspect can be more or less important depending on the region and market the customer is looking for. Furthermore, different applications, availability of the respective materials, or even regional differences, sometimes with historical root causes may influence the decision. The supplier must be able to provide machines for the production of each sack type and after installation service. -Windmoeller & Hoelscher

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Economy & Market

Smart Pumping for Rock Blasting

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SEEPEX introduces BN pumps with Smart Joint Access (SJA) to improve efficiency, reliability, and inspection speed in demanding rock blasting operations.
Designed for abrasive and chemical media, the solution supports precise dosing, reduced downtime, and enhanced operational safety.

SEEPEX has introduced BN pumps with Smart Joint Access (SJA), engineered for the reliable and precise transfer of abrasive, corrosive, and chemical media in mining and construction. Designed for rock blasting, the pump features a large inspection opening for quick joint checks, a compact footprint for mobile or skid-mounted installations, and flexible drive and material options for consistent performance and uptime.

“Operators can inspect joints quickly and rely on precise pumping of shear-sensitive and abrasive emulsions,” said Magalie Levray, Global Business Development Manager Mining at SEEPEX. “This is particularly critical in rock blasting, where every borehole counts for productivity.” Industry Context

Rock blasting is essential for extracting hard rock and shaping safe excavation profiles in mining and construction. Accurate and consistent loading of explosive emulsions ensures controlled fragmentation, protects personnel, and maximizes productivity. Even minor deviations in pumping can cause delays or reduce product quality. BN pumps with SJA support routine maintenance and pre-operation checks by allowing fast verification of joint integrity, enabling more efficient operations.

Always Inspection Ready

Smart Joint Access is designed for inspection-friendly operations. The large inspection opening in the suction housing provides direct access to both joints, enabling rapid pre-operation checks while maintaining high operational reliability. Technicians can assess joint condition quickly, supporting continuous, reliable operation.

Key Features

  • Compact Footprint: Fits truck-mounted mobile units, skid-mounted systems, and factory installations.
  • Flexible Drive Options: Compact hydraulic drive or electric drive configurations.
  • Hydraulic Efficiency: Low-displacement design reduces oil requirements and supports low total cost of ownership.
  • Equal Wall Stator Design: Ensures high-pressure performance in a compact footprint.
  • Material Flexibility: Stainless steel or steel housings, chrome-plated rotors, and stators in NBR, EPDM, or FKM.

Operators benefit from shorter inspection cycles, reliable dosing, seamless integration, and fast delivery through framework agreements, helping to maintain uptime in critical rock blasting processes.

Applications – Optimized for Rock Blasting

BN pumps with SJA are designed for mining, tunneling, quarrying, civil works, dam construction, and other sectors requiring precise handling of abrasive or chemical media. They provide robust performance while enabling fast, reliable inspection and maintenance.With SJA, operators can quickly access both joints without disassembly, ensuring emulsions are transferred accurately and consistently. This reduces downtime, preserves product integrity, and supports uniform dosing across multiple bore holes.

With the Smart Joint Access inspection opening, operators can quickly access and assess the condition of both joints without disassembly, enabling immediate verification of pump readiness prior to blast hole loading. This allows operators to confirm that emulsions are transferred accurately and consistently, protecting personnel, minimizing product degradation, and maintaining uniform dosing across multiple bore holes.

The combination of equal wall stator design, compact integration, flexible drives, and progressive cavity pump technology ensures continuous, reliable operation even in space-limited, high-pressure environments.

From Inspection to Operation

A leading explosives provider implemented BN pumps with SJA in open pit and underground operations. By replacing legacy pumps, inspection cycles were significantly shortened, allowing crews to complete pre-operation checks and return mobile units to productive work faster. Direct joint access through SJA enabled immediate verification, consistent emulsion dosing, and reduced downtime caused by joint-related deviations.

“The inspection opening gives immediate confidence that each joint is secure before proceeding to bore holes,” said a site technician. “It allows us to act quickly, keeping blasting schedules on track.”

Framework agreements ensured rapid pump supply and minimal downtime, supporting multi-site operations across continents

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Concrete

Digital process control is transforming grinding

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Satish Maheshwari, Chief Manufacturing Officer, Shree Cement, delves into how digital intelligence is transforming cement grinding into a predictive, stable, and energy-efficient operation.

Grinding sits at the heart of cement manufacturing, accounting for the largest share of electrical energy consumption. In this interview, Satish Maheshwari, Chief Manufacturing Officer, Shree Cement, explains how advanced grinding technologies, data-driven optimisation and process intelligence are transforming mill performance, reducing power consumption and supporting the industry’s decarbonisation goals.

How has the grinding process evolved in Indian cement plants to meet rising efficiency and sustainability expectations?
Over the past decade, Indian cement plants have seen a clear evolution in grinding technology, moving from conventional open-circuit ball mills to high-efficiency closed-circuit systems, Roller Press–Ball Mill combinations and Vertical Roller Mills (VRMs). This shift has been supported by advances in separator design, improved wear-resistant materials, and the growing use of digital process automation. As a result, grinding units today operate as highly controlled manufacturing systems where real-time data, process intelligence and efficient separation work together to deliver stable and predictable performance.
From a sustainability perspective, these developments directly reduce specific power consumption, improve equipment reliability and lower the carbon footprint per tonne of cement produced.

How critical is grinding optimisation in reducing specific power consumption across ball mills and VRMs?
Grinding is the largest consumer of electrical energy in a cement plant, which makes optimisation one of the most effective levers for improving energy efficiency. In ball mill systems, optimisation through correct media selection, charge design, diaphragm configuration, ventilation management and separator tuning can typically deliver power savings of 5 per cent to 8 per cent. In VRMs, fine-tuning airflow balance, grinding pressure, nozzle ring settings, and circulating load can unlock energy reductions in the range of 8 per cent to 12 per cent. Across both systems, sustained operation under stable conditions is critical. Consistency in mill loading and operating parameters improves quality control, reduces wear, and enables long-term energy efficiency, making stability a key operational KPI.

What challenges arise in maintaining consistent cement quality when using alternative raw materials and blended compositions?
The increased use of alternative raw materials and supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) introduces variability in chemistry, moisture, hardness, and loss on ignition. This variability makes it more challenging to maintain consistent fineness, particle size distribution, throughput and downstream performance parameters such as setting time, strength development and workability.
As clinker substitution levels rise, grinding precision becomes increasingly important. Even small improvements in consistency enable higher SCM utilisation without compromising cement performance.
Addressing these challenges requires stronger feed homogenisation, real-time quality monitoring and dynamic adjustment of grinding parameters so that output quality remains stable despite changing input characteristics.

How is digital process control changing the way grinding performance is optimised?
Digital process control is transforming grinding from an operator-dependent activity into a predictive, model-driven operation. Technologies such as online particle size and residue analysers, AI-based optimisation platforms, digital twins for VRMs and Roller Press systems, and advanced process control solutions are redefining how performance is managed.
At the same time, workforce roles are evolving. Operators are increasingly focused on interpreting data trends through digital dashboards and responding proactively rather than relying on manual interventions. Together, these tools improve mill stability, enable faster response to disturbances, maintain consistent fineness, and reduce specific energy consumption while minimising manual effort.

How do you see grinding technologies supporting the industry’s low-clinker and decarbonisation goals?
Modern grinding technologies are central to the industry’s decarbonisation efforts. They enable higher incorporation of SCMs such as fly ash, slag, and limestone, improve particle fineness and reactivity, and reduce overall power consumption. Efficient grinding makes it possible to maintain consistent cement quality at lower clinker factors. Every improvement in energy intensity and particle engineering directly contributes to lower CO2 emissions.
As India moves toward low-carbon construction, precision grinding will remain a foundational capability for delivering sustainable, high-performance cement aligned with national and global climate objectives.

How much potential does grinding optimisation hold for immediate energy
and cost savings?
The potential for near-term savings is substantial. Without major capital investment, most plants can achieve 5 per cent to 15 per cent power reduction through measures such as improving separator efficiency, optimising ventilation, refining media grading, and fine-tuning operating parameters.
With continued capacity expansion across India, advanced optimisation tools will help ensure that productivity gains are not matched by proportional increases in energy demand. Given current power costs, this translates into direct and measurable financial benefits, making grinding optimisation one of the fastest-payback operational initiatives available to cement manufacturers today.

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Concrete

Refractory demands in our kiln have changed

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Radha Singh, Senior Manager (P&Q), Shree Digvijay Cement, points out why performance, predictability and life-cycle value now matter more than routine replacement in cement kilns.

As Indian cement plants push for higher throughput, increased alternative fuel usage and tighter shutdown cycles, refractory performance in kilns and pyro-processing systems is under growing pressure. In this interview, Radha Singh, Senior Manager (P&Q), Shree Digvijay Cement, shares how refractory demands have evolved on the ground and how smarter digital monitoring is improving kiln stability, uptime and clinker quality.

How have refractory demands changed in your kiln and pyro-processing line over the last five years?
Over the last five years, refractory demands in our kiln and pyro line have changed. Earlier, the focus was mostly on standard grades and routine shutdown-based replacement. But now, because of higher production loads, more alternative fuels and raw materials (AFR) usage and greater temperature variation, the expectation from refractory has increased.
In our own case, the current kiln refractory has already completed around 1.5 years, which itself shows how much more we now rely on materials that can handle thermal shock, alkali attack and coating fluctuations. We have moved towards more stable, high-performance linings so that we don’t have to enter the kiln frequently for repairs.
Overall, the shift has been from just ‘installation and run’ to selecting refractories that give longer life, better coating behaviour and more predictable performance under tougher operating conditions.

What are the biggest refractory challenges in the preheater, calciner and cooler zones?
• Preheater: Coating instability, chloride/sulphur cycles and brick erosion.
• Calciner: AFR firing, thermal shock and alkali infiltration.
• Cooler: Severe abrasion, red-river formation and mechanical stress on linings.
Overall, the biggest challenge is maintaining lining stability under highly variable operating conditions.

How do you evaluate and select refractory partners for long-term performance?
In real plant conditions, we don’t select a refractory partner just by looking at price. First, we see their past performance in similar kilns and whether their material has actually survived our operating conditions. We also check how strong their technical support is during shutdowns, because installation quality matters as much as the material itself.
Another key point is how quickly they respond during breakdowns or hot spots. A good partner should be available on short notice. We also look at their failure analysis capability, whether they can explain why a lining failed and suggest improvements.
On top of this, we review the life they delivered in the last few campaigns, their supply reliability and their willingness to offer plant-specific custom solutions instead of generic grades. Only a partner who supports us throughout the life cycle, which includes selection, installation, monitoring and post-failure analysis, fits our long-term requirement.

Can you share a recent example where better refractory selection improved uptime or clinker quality?
Recently, we upgraded to a high-abrasion basic brick at the kiln outlet. Earlier we had frequent chipping and coating loss. With the new lining, thermal stability improved and the coating became much more stable. As a result, our shutdown interval increased and clinker quality remained more consistent. It had a direct impact on our uptime.

How is increased AFR use affecting refractory behaviour?
Increased AFR use is definitely putting more stress on the refractory. The biggest issue we see daily is the rise in chlorine, alkalis and volatiles, which directly attack the lining, especially in the calciner and kiln inlet. AFR firing is also not as stable as conventional fuel, so we face frequent temperature fluctuations, which cause more thermal shock and small cracks in the lining.
Another real problem is coating instability. Some days the coating builds too fast, other days it suddenly drops, and both conditions impact refractory life. We also notice more dust circulation and buildup inside the calciner whenever the AFR mix changes, which again increases erosion.
Because of these practical issues, we have started relying more on alkali-resistant, low-porosity and better thermal shock–resistant materials to handle the additional stress coming from AFR.

What role does digital monitoring or thermal profiling play in your refractory strategy?
Digital tools like kiln shell scanners, IR imaging and thermal profiling help us detect weakening areas much earlier. This reduces unplanned shutdowns, helps identify hotspots accurately and allows us to replace only the critical sections. Overall, our maintenance has shifted from reactive to predictive, improving lining life significantly.

How do you balance cost, durability and installation speed during refractory shutdowns?
We focus on three points:
• Material quality that suits our thermal profile and chemistry.
• Installation speed, in fast turnarounds, we prefer monolithic.
• Life-cycle cost—the cheapest material is not the most economical. We look at durability, future downtime and total cost of ownership.
This balance ensures reliable performance without unnecessary expenditure.

What refractory or pyro-processing innovations could transform Indian cement operations?
Some promising developments include:
• High-performance, low-porosity and nano-bonded refractories
• Precast modular linings to drastically reduce shutdown time
• AI-driven kiln thermal analytics
• Advanced coating management solutions
• More AFR-compatible refractory mixes

These innovations can significantly improve kiln stability, efficiency and maintenance planning across the industry.

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