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CCUS has not yet reached commercial integration

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MM Rathi, Joint President – Power Plants, Shree Cement, suggests CCUS is the indispensable final lever for cement decarbonisation in India, moving from pilot-stage today to a policy-driven necessity.

In this interview, MM Rathi, Joint President – Power Plants, Shree Cement, offers a candid view on India’s CCUS readiness, the economic and technical challenges of integration, and why policy support and cluster-based infrastructure will be decisive in taking CCUS from pilot stage to commercial reality.

How critical is CCUS to achieving deep decarbonisation in cement compared to other levers?
CCUS is critical and ultimately indispensable for deep decarbonisation in cement. Around 60 per cent to 65 per cent of cement emissions arise from limestone calcination, an inherent chemical process that cannot be addressed through energy efficiency, renewables, or alternative fuels. Clinker substitution using fly ash, slag, and calcined clay can reduce emissions by 20 per cent to 40 per cent, while energy transition measures can abate 30 per cent to 40 per cent of fuel-related emissions. These are cost-effective, scalable, and form the foundation of decarbonisation efforts.
However, these levers alone cannot deliver reductions beyond 60 per cent. Once they reach technical and regional limits, CCUS becomes the only viable pathway to address residual
process emissions. In that sense, CCUS is not an alternative but the final, non-negotiable step toward net-zero cement.

What stage of CCUS readiness is the Indian cement sector currently at?
The Indian cement sector is currently at a pilot to early demonstration stage of CCUS readiness. A few companies have initiated small-scale pilots focused on capturing CO2 from kiln flue gases and exploring utilisation routes such as mineralisation and concrete curing. CCUS has not yet reached commercial integration due to high capture costs (US$ 80–150 per tonne of CO2), lack of transport and storage infrastructure, limited access to storage sites, and absence of long-term policy incentives.
While Europe and North America have begun early commercial deployment, large-scale CCUS adoption in India is more realistically expected post-2035, subject to enabling infrastructure and policy frameworks.

What are the biggest technical challenges of integrating CCUS into existing Indian kilns?
Retrofitting CCUS into existing Indian cement plants presents multiple challenges. Many plants have compact layouts with limited space for capture units, compressors, and CO2 handling systems, requiring modular and carefully phased integration.
Kiln flue gases contain high CO2 concentrations along with dust and impurities, increasing risks of fouling and corrosion and necessitating robust gas pre-treatment. Amine-based capture systems also require significant thermal energy, and improper heat integration can affect clinker output, making waste heat recovery critical.
Additional challenges include higher power and water demand, pressure drops in the gas path, and maintaining kiln stability and product quality. Without careful design, CCUS can impact productivity and reliability.

How does the high cost of CCUS impact cement pricing, and who bears the cost?
At capture costs of US$ 80-150 per tonne of CO2, CCUS can increase cement production costs by US$ 30-60 per tonne, potentially raising cement prices by 20 to 40 per cent. Initially, producers absorb the capital and operating costs, which can compress margins. Over time, without policy support, these costs are likely to be passed on to consumers, affecting affordability in a highly price-sensitive market like India. Policy mechanisms such as subsidies, tax credits, carbon markets, and green finance can significantly reduce this burden and enable cost-sharing across producers, policymakers, and end users.

What role can carbon utilisation play versus geological storage in India?
Carbon utilisation can play a supportive and transitional role, particularly in early CCUS deployment. Applications such as concrete curing and mineralisation can reuse 5 to 10 per cent of captured CO2 while improving material performance. Fuels and chemicals offer niche opportunities but depend on access to low-cost renewable energy. However, utilisation pathways are limited in scale and often involve temporary carbon storage. With India’s cement sector emitting over 200 million tonnes of CO2 annually, utilisation alone cannot deliver deep decarbonisation.
Long-term geological storage offers permanent sequestration at scale. India has significant potential in deep saline aquifers and depleted oil and gas fields, which will be essential for achieving net-zero cement production.

How important is government policy support for CCUS viability?
Government policy support is central to making CCUS commercially viable in India. Without intervention, CCUS costs remain prohibitive and adoption will remain limited to pilots.
Carbon markets can provide recurring revenue streams, while capital subsidies, tax incentives, and concessional financing can reduce upfront risk. Regulatory mandates and green public procurement can further accelerate adoption by creating predictable demand for low-carbon cement. CCUS will not scale through market forces alone; policy design will determine its pace and extent of deployment.

Can CCUS be scaled across mid-sized and older plants?
In the near term, CCUS is most viable for large, modern integrated plants due to economies of scale, better layout flexibility, and access to waste heat recovery. Mid-sized plants may adopt CCUS selectively over time through modular systems and shared CO2 infrastructure, though retrofit costs can be 30 to 50 per cent higher. For older plants nearing the end of their operational life, CCUS retrofitting is generally not economical, and decarbonisation efforts are better focused on efficiency, fuels, and clinker substitution.

Will CCUS become a competitive advantage or a regulatory necessity?
Over the next decade, CCUS is expected to shift from a competitive advantage to a regulatory necessity. In the short term, early adopters can access green finance, premium procurement opportunities, and sustainability leadership positioning. Beyond 2035, as emissions regulations tighten, CCUS will become essential for addressing process emissions. By 2050, it is likely to be a mandatory component of the cement sector’s net-zero pathway rather than a strategic choice.

– Kanika Mathur

Concrete

Cement Makers Reaffirm Commitment to Sustainable Growth

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World Environment Day spotlight on innovation and circularity

On World Environment Day, the Indian cement industry reiterated its commitment to supporting India’s climate ambitions through sustainable manufacturing, resource efficiency and the adoption of cleaner technologies.

The Cement Manufacturers’ Association (CMA) said the sector remains aligned with the Government of India’s Net Zero commitments and is accelerating efforts to reduce its environmental footprint while supporting the country’s infrastructure and development agenda.

Parth Jindal, President, CMA and Managing Director, JSW Cement, said the industry is increasingly adopting cleaner technologies, improving energy efficiency and expanding the use of alternative fuels and raw materials. He also highlighted the growing importance of circular economy practices, where industrial by-products and waste streams from one sector are utilised as resources in another.

“The Indian Cement Industry is aligned to the Government’s commitments on carbon mitigation and is accelerating the adoption of cleaner technologies, resource efficiency and circular economy practices while actively exploring the potential of Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS) as a critical pathway for deep decarbonisation,” said Jindal.

He added that coprocessing industrial waste and by-products helps conserve natural resources, reduce disposal requirements and lower the environmental footprint across multiple sectors.

According to Jindal, sustainability is no longer limited to manufacturing processes but is increasingly influencing investment decisions, innovation strategies and long-term growth plans within the industry.

Echoing similar views, Dr Raghavpat Singhania, Vice President, CMA and Managing Director, JK Cement, said sustainable development extends beyond emissions reduction and must also focus on responsible resource utilisation and waste minimisation.

“Sustainability in the built environment cannot be measured by emissions alone. It is equally about how efficiently we use resources, how effectively we minimise waste and how responsibly we create the infrastructure that will serve future generations,” said Singhania.

He noted that the cement industry is advancing its sustainability agenda through greater resource efficiency, increased circularity, technological innovation and continuous improvements in manufacturing practices. As a key contributor to India’s infrastructure development, the sector has a critical role to play in balancing economic growth with environmental responsibility.

On the occasion of World Environment Day, industry leaders reaffirmed their commitment to supporting India’s climate goals while delivering the materials required for resilient, durable and sustainable infrastructure.

 

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Concrete

Building a Greener Future Together

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Environmental sustainability requires immediate action, not just long-term commitments and discussions. Recycling, circular economy practices, and technology-driven waste management can help industries reduce environmental impact while supporting sustainable growth.

Author: Jignesh Kundaria, Director and CEO, Fornnax Technology

World Environment Day serves as an important reminder that environmental sustainability can no longer remain confined to discussions, reports, or long-term commitments. The environmental challenges facing the world today demand immediate, measurable, and collective action. Across industries and communities, waste generation continues to outpace our ability to process it responsibly, placing increasing pressure on ecosystems, natural resources, public health, and the well-being of future generations.

One of the most significant shifts required today is a change in how society perceives waste. Rather than being viewed as a material to be discarded, waste must be recognised as a valuable resource that can contribute to both economic growth and environmental protection when managed through the right technologies and systems. This mindset forms the foundation of the circular economy model that countries across the world are increasingly adopting to reduce landfill dependence, recover valuable materials, and create more sustainable industrial ecosystems.

India has made meaningful progress in strengthening awareness around sustainability, recycling, and environmental responsibility over the past decade. Significant efforts are being made to formalise the recycling sector through improved infrastructure, technology adoption, policy implementation, and broader stakeholder participation. These developments are creating a stronger foundation for responsible waste management and resource recovery across the country.

However, achieving long-term environmental impact requires collaboration from all stakeholders. Industries, policymakers, technology providers, and communities must work together with greater accountability to strengthen recycling ecosystems, encourage responsible waste management practices, and create sustainable outcomes through consistent execution rather than temporary interventions.

As someone closely associated with the recycling industry, I firmly believe that technology will play a decisive role in addressing future environmental challenges. Advanced recycling systems have the potential to recover valuable resources, reduce pollution, minimise landfill burdens, and conserve energy, creating a more sustainable future for generations to come. This belief is deeply reflected in Fornnax’s motto, “Committed to Create a Green Future,” which embodies our commitment to building long-term environmental value through innovation and responsible action.

At the same time, technology alone cannot deliver meaningful change. Real progress requires intent, awareness, participation, and a shared sense of responsibility. Sustainable development can only be achieved when innovation is supported by collective action and a genuine commitment to environmental stewardship.

On this World Environment Day, let us move beyond conversations and take meaningful steps towards creating a cleaner, greener, and more sustainable planet. By embracing innovation, strengthening recycling ecosystems, and acting responsibly today, we can create lasting environmental impact and secure a better future for generations to come.

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Concrete

Dalmia Bharat Acquires Jaiprakash Associates Cement Assets for ₹2,850 Crore

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Dalmia Cement executed a Business Transfer Agreement with Jaiprakash Associates and Adani Infra, to acquire 5.2 MnTPA of cement capacity across Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.

Dalmia Cement (Bharat) announced on May 22, 2026 that it had signed a Business Transfer Agreement with Jaiprakash Associates Limited and Adani Infra (India) Limited for the acquisition of cement plants located at Rewa in Madhya Pradesh and Churk, Chunar and Sadwa in Uttar Pradesh. The deal was struck at an enterprise value of ₹2,850 crore and is expected to close within two weeks of execution.

The acquired assets from Jaiprakash Associates include 5.2 MnTPA of cement capacity and 3.3 MnTPA of clinker capacity. The package also covers 99 MW of thermal power capacity and railway sidings at Rewa, Chunar, and a common siding at Churk. This infrastructure gives the acquisition immediate operational utility beyond just production tonnage.

The transaction has a long backstory. Dalmia Cement had originally entered into a framework agreement with Jaiprakash Associates in December 2022, covering the sale of these business assets along with a long-term clinker supply arrangement. However, before the deal could be completed, Jaiprakash Associates was admitted to insolvency proceedings under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code. The earlier agreements could not be consummated as a result.

In an official statement, Puneet Dalmia, Managing Director & CEO, Dalmia Bharat, said, “I am very excited about addition of these assets in our portfolio. This serves as a great strategic fit for Dalmia. It helps us move forward in our journey to be a pan India player and provide a strong head start to serve the high potential markets in Central region. I am optimistic that the expansion potential of these assets along with close proximity with Dalmia’s captive mines will help us create a capacity hub for the future”.

Following the approval of Adani Group’s resolution plan for Jaiprakash Associates under the IBC framework, Dalmia approached the new management to revive discussions. The fresh Business Transfer Agreement was executed to settle all pending disputes, legal proceedings, and arbitration matters arising from the original framework agreement with Jaiprakash Associates.

Expanding market reach

Dalmia added, “Our familiarity with these assets under the earlier tolling arrangement gives us a deep understanding of the facilities and helps us establish strong connect with channel partners and vendors. We believe that this will help us in faster ramp up of capacities and quicker inroads into the market. As we look forward, I am very confident that we will be able to leverage the strengths of Dalmia to operate these assets in a manner where we can maximise value creation for all our stakeholders.”

With the addition of these plants, Dalmia Bharat’s total installed cement capacity will rise to 54.7 MnTPA upon consummation. The company has further expansion projects underway at Belgaum, Pune, and Kadapa, which are expected to take overall capacity to 66.7 MnTPA by Q2 to Q3 FY28.

The Central India location of the Jaiprakash Associates plants gives Dalmia Bharat faster access to markets in Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh than a greenfield build would have allowed. The company also cited debottlenecking and brownfield expansion as near-term opportunities at the acquired sites. Dalmia Bharat said the assets were expected to contribute positively to EBITDA and overall returns, given the pricing environment in the region and the company’s cost structure.

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