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Ensuring quality coal

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The coal sector remains beset by problems. It is highly regulated under government control, is monopolistic in nature, faces mining and exploration bottlenecks, particularly in underground mining, has attracted low levels of private investments over the years and faces logistical bottlenecks as well as technological obsolescence.

India ranks third amongst the coal-producing countries of the world in terms of annual coal production. However, in respect of coal resources, it is endowed with less than one per cent of the world`s coal resources. Of the 293.5 Bt of Indian coal resources up to a depth of 1200 m, about 118.1 Bt fall under the proved or confirmed category. This constitutes about five per cent of the world’s proved coal resources.

The cement industry uses coal for cement production as well as for captive power generation. Fuel costs thus, contribute significantly to cement production costs. Currently, the cement sector is not getting fair treatment w.r.t. allocation of coal linkages/coal blocks, and so, a large number of players meet their fuel requirements through procurement of market coal (e-auction and pet coke, etc), as well as international coal and alternate fuels. Market coal prices are much higher than the domestic administered prices and continued dependence on international coal/ market coal is causing a significant increase in cement prices. As cement is a key input in infrastructural development, high fuel costs (due to poor availability of administered price coal by way of linkage) increases its cost and thereby adds to high inflation.

NA Viswanathan, Secretary General, Cement Manufacturers Association, (CMA) says, "In terms of the Report of the Working Group on Cement Industry for the 12th Five- Year- Plan constituted by the Planning Commission, the total coal requirement for cement and CPP under high scenario (growth projection from 9 to 10.75 per cent) is 46.2 MT for cement and 17.8 MT for CPP, totalling 64 MT for the FY 2012-13. In the terminal year of the 12th Five- Year- Plan i.e, 2016-17, the coal requirement indicated in the the report is 69.3 MT for cement and 26.6 MT for the CPP, totalling 95.9 MT. There is a deficit of about 65 per cent of the fuel requirement."

As per the Report of the Working Group on Cement Industry for the 12th Five- Year- Plan, post- 2007, no new linkage has been granted to any cement manufacturer. Thus a lot of manufacturers are deprived of supply of linkage-based coal. Further, Captive Power Plants (CPP) of the cement industry in a way augment the overall power generation capacity in the country; they contribute towards meeting the overall power requirement of the country and thus need to be treated on par with IPPs in terms of fuel linkage. Even in cases where linkage has been granted, actual supply against such linkages is poor. Given the current level of linkage supplies being less than 50 per cent of the industry’s requirements, it is clear that there is going to be a big deficit between coal requirement and the available administered price coal in the 12th Plan. Thus, unless the linkage coal is quickly increased, the fuel supply gap will put upward pressure on cement production costs. On the other hand, as regards equal priority in the grant of coal linkage vis -a-vis other sectors, cement is accorded low priority in allocation of coal linkage vis-a-vis the power and fertiliser sector. Since cement is equally important for the growth of the economy, priority linkage needs to be provided for a hundred per cent requirement to all cement players, at administrative prices. This will enable all players to have equitable treatment with regard to fuel costs.

Highlighting the current demand-supply scenario, Viswanathan had this to say: "The supply of coal to the cement industry through linkage was as high as 75 per cent of the total procurement in 2002-03; this has gradually come down to 35 per cent in 2012-13. The steep reduction in percentage supply has taken place due to change in coal distribution policy, due to which only 75 per cent of the normative requirement of cement industry is to be met through FSA/linkage instead of the earlier 80 per cent; delay in signing of FSA between LOA holders (cement companies) and coal companies; and no meetings of the Standing Linkage Committee (LT) since November 2007 for the sanctioning of linkage to new/enhanced cement capacities."

He adds, "During the FY 2012-13, the coal requirement of the industry was about 44 M.T, about eight per cent of the total coal production of 558 MT in the country. However, the industry was supplied with barely around 16.5 MT of coal from CIL/SCCL against the coal linkage through fuel supply agreements, which is three per cent of the coal produced in the country. The balance fuel requirement of the cement industry had to be met through the imports, e-auction and purchase from the open market, as also usage of alternative fuels like pet coke and lignite at a higher price varying between 35 per cent and 55 per cent."

The coal sector is not yet truly open for commercial mining. Problems and constraints abound in underground mining, like the use of old technology and labour- intensive processes for mining and safety issues. This issue of ICR gives a clear perspective of the issues at hand.

Concrete

Steel: Shielded or Strengthened?

CW explores the impact of pro-steel policies on construction and infrastructure and identifies gaps that need to be addressed.

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Going forward, domestic steel mills are targeting capacity expansion
of nearly 40 per cent through till FY31, adding 80-85 mt, translating
into an investment pipeline of $ 45-50 billion. So, Jhunjhunwala points
out that continuing the safeguard duty will be vital to prevent a surge
in imports and protect domestic prices from external shocks. While in
FY26, the industry operating profit per tonne is expected to hold at
around $ 108, similar to last year, the industry’s earnings must
meaningfully improve from hereon to sustain large-scale investments.
Else, domestic mills could experience a significant spike in industry
leverage levels over the medium term, increasing their vulnerability to
external macroeconomic shocks.(~$ 60/tonne) over the past one month,
compressing the import parity discount to ~$ 23-25/tonne from previous
highs of ~$ 70-90/tonne, adds Jhunjhunwala. With this, he says, “the
industry can expect high resistance to further steel price increases.”

Domestic HRC prices have increased by ~Rs 5,000/tonne
“Aggressive
capacity additions (~15 mt commissioned in FY25, with 5 mt more by
FY26) have created a supply overhang, temporarily outpacing demand
growth of ~11-12 mt,” he says…

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Price hikes, drop in input costs help cement industry to post positive margins: Care Ratings

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Region-wise,the southern region comprises 35% of the total cement capacity, followed by thenorthern, eastern, western and central region comprising 20%, 18%, 14% and 13%of the capacity, respectively.

The cement industry is expected to post positive margins on decent price hikes over the months, falling raw material prices and marked drop in overall production costs, said an analysis of Care Ratings.

Wholesale and retail prices of cement have increased 11.9% and 12.4%, respectively, in the current financial year. As whole prices have remained elevated in most of the markets in the months of FY20, against the corresponding period of the previous year.

Similarly, electricity and fuel cost have declined 11.9% during 9M FY20 due to drop in crude oil prices. Logistics costs, the biggest cost for cement industry, has also dropped 7.7% (selling and distribution) as the Railways extended the benefit of exemption from busy season surcharge. Moreover, the cost of raw materials, too, declined 5.1% given the price of limestone had fallen 11.3% in the same aforementioned period, the analysis said.

According to Care Ratings, though the overall sales revenue has increased only 1.3%, against 16% growth in the year-ago period, the overall expenditure has declined 3.2% which has benefited the industry largely given the moderation in sales.

Even though FY20 has been subdued in terms of production and demand, the fall in cost of production has still supported the cement industry by clocking in positive margins, the rating agency said.

Cement demand is closely linked to the overall economic growth, particularly the housing and infrastructure sector. The cement sector will be seeing a sharp growth in volumes mainly due to increasing demand from affordable housing and other government infrastructure projects like roads, metros, airports, irrigation.

The government’s newly introduced National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP), with its target of becoming a $5-trillion economy by 2025, is a detailed road map focused on economic revival through infrastructure development.

The NIP covers a gamut of sectors; rural and urban infrastructure and entails investments of Rs.102 lakh crore to be undertaken by the central government, state governments and the private sector. Of the total projects of the NIP, 42% are under implementation while 19% are under development, 31% are at the conceptual stage and 8% are yet to be classified.

The sectors that will be of focus will be roads, railways, power (renewable and conventional), irrigation and urban infrastructure. These sectors together account for 79% of the proposed investments in six years to 2025. Given the government’s thrust on infrastructure creation, it is likely to benefit the cement industry going forward.

Similarly, the Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana, aimed at providing affordable housing, will be a strong driver to lift cement demand. Prices have started correcting Q4 FY20 onwards due to revival in demand of the commodity, the agency said in its analysis.

Industry’s sales revenue has grown at a CAGR of 7.3% during FY15-19 but has grown only 1.3% in the current financial year. Tepid demand throughout the country in the first half of the year has led to the contraction of sales revenue. Fall in the total expenditure of cement firms had aided in improving the operating profit and net profit margins of the industry (OPM was 15.2 during 9M FY19 and NPM was 3.1 during 9M FY19). Interest coverage ratio, too, has improved on an overall basis (ICR was 3.3 during 9M FY19).

According to Cement Manufacturers Association, India accounts for over 8% of the overall global installed capacity. Region-wise, the southern region comprises 35% of the total cement capacity, followed by the northern, eastern, western and central region comprising 20%, 18%, 14% and 13% of the capacity, respectively.

Installed capacity of domestic cement makers has increased at a CAGR of 4.9% during FY16-20. Manufacturers have been able to maintain a capacity utilisation rate above 65% in the past quinquennium. In the current financial year due to the prolonged rains in many parts of the country, the capacity utilisation rate has fallen from 70% during FY19 to 66% currently (YTD).

Source:moneycontrol.com

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Wonder Cement shows journey of cement with new campaign

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The campaign also marks Wonder Cement being the first ever cement brand to enter the world of IGTV…

ETBrandEquity

Cement manufacturing company Wonder Cement, has announced the launch of a digital campaign ‘Har Raah Mein Wonder Hai’. The campaign has been designed specifically to run on platforms such as Instagram, Facebook and YouTube.

#HarRaahMeinWonderHai is a one-minute video, designed and conceptualised by its digital media partner Triature Digital Marketing and Technologies Pvt Ltd. The entire journey of the cement brand from leaving the factory, going through various weather conditions and witnessing the beauty of nature and wonders through the way until it reaches the destination i.e., to the consumer is very intriguing and the brand has tried to showcase the same with the film.

Sanjay Joshi, executive director, Wonder Cement, said, "Cement as a product poses a unique marketing challenge. Most consumers will build their homes once and therefore buy cement once in a lifetime. It is critical for a cement company to connect with their consumers emotionally. As a part of our communication strategy, it is our endeavor to reach out to a large audience of this country through digital. Wonder Cement always a pioneer in digital, with the launch of our IGTV campaign #HarRahMeinWonderHai, is the first brand in the cement category to venture into this space. Through this campaign, we have captured the emotional journey of a cement bag through its own perspective and depicted what it takes to lay the foundation of one’s dreams and turn them into reality."

The story begins with a family performing the bhoomi poojan of their new plot. It is the place where they are investing their life-long earnings; and planning to build a dream house for the family and children. The family believes in the tradition of having a ‘perfect shuruaat’ (perfect beginning) for their future dream house. The video later highlights the process of construction and in sequence it is emphasising the value of ‘Perfect Shuruaat’ through the eyes of a cement bag.

Tarun Singh Chauhan, management advisor and brand consultant, Wonder Cement, said, "Our objective with this campaign was to show that the cement produced at the Wonder Cement plant speaks for itself, its quality, trust and most of all perfection. The only way this was possible was to take the perspective of a cement bag and showing its journey of perfection from beginning till the end."

According to the company, the campaign also marks Wonder Cement being the first ever cement brand to enter the world of IGTV. No other brand in this category has created content specific to the platform.

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