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Reuse Plastic, Repair Potholes!

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Recycling plastic wastes by mixing them with bitumen can help build stronger, better quality roads at a cheaper cost.

Can you imagine roads without potholes this monsoon? Indeed, India’s pothole menace has been a never-ending one, with the country reporting an increasing number of deaths year-after-year. Speaking of hazards, another is the modern-day problem of disposing plastic. Here’s a solution to tackle both these perils together: Building plastic roads. Such roads not only prevent potholes but are eco-friendly and cheaper to build and maintain.

The roadmap
This technology was first used by Tyagraja College of Engineering in 2002 with a pilot inside the college campus. The technology is patented by TCE, Madurai, under the guidance of Dr R Vasudevan. Tata Steel’s Jamshedpur Utilities and Services Company (JUSCO) then got in touch with Dr Vasudevan in 2009, understood the process, reengineered it and implemented it, as per its own conditions and machineries. "We were the first to do it in eastern India, with a vision to replicate it further in other cities," says Gaurav Anand, Chief Manager, Business Excellence, JUSCO.

Several cities then visited JUSCO to see the successful implementation of this technology. Civic officials from Ranchi, Chas, Giridih and Jamtara visited Jamshedpur in 2017 to learn this technology and replicate it in their respective towns. "We shared all the knowhow, along with the challenges and issues," says Anand. Over 7.5 km of roads have reportedly been made with plastic at these four places. JUSCO had already proved this technology by being a pioneer of building such roads in Jamshedpur in 2011-12. "We were able to facilitate the construction of plastic roads not only in India but overseas as well," avers Anand. "While in India, Ranchi, Bokaro, Dhanbad and districts of Chhattisgarh deployed this technology with our help, countries like South Africa, Kenya, Nigeria and Cyprus also learnt from us and replicated it."

How is it done?
JUSCO collects waste plastics from the source, segregates the waste, shreds it into two to four mm size, and mixes the shredded plastic to make a coating over the aggregates used for road construction, thus providing the road tremendous strength at no extra cost. Plastic gets coated over stone, the hot plastic-coated stone is mixed with bitumen (tar) and the mix is used for road laying. The aggregate mix, used for flexible road construction, is first coated with molten plastics waste and this plastic-coated aggregate is used as raw material. (The plastics used include disposed carry bags, films, cups, etc, with a maximum thickness of 60 micron.) To the hot plastic-coated aggregate (165oC), bitumen (160oC) is added, mixed and used for road construction. The bitumen is not blended with plastic waste. (Read more in "The Process".)

A study of the properties of the plastic waste-coated aggregate bitumen mix show

Even after 96 hours, there is no stripping of the bitumen layer, showing resistance towards stripping and pothole formation.
The Marshall Stability Value increases depending upon the percentage of plastics used for coating from 1,265 kg to approximately 2,500 kg, thus increasing the strength of the road. Field trials are still on.
Extraction of bitumen from the above mix is slow compared to a non-plastic bitumen mix, showing the increased strength of binding of bitumen.
Plastic-coated aggregate has a low percentage of voids and, hence, less oxidation of bitumen and less ravelling and rutting.
Plastic-coated aggregate bitumen mix has low moisture absorption and, hence, no stripping or pothole formation.
The percentage of bitumen needed to form an effective mix can be reduced from 5 per cent to 4.5 per cent. Thus a saving of bitumen, of not less than 10 per cent, is also possible.
When plastic-coated aggregate is soaked in water for 72 hours, there is no stripping. The aggregate gains non-wetting property with respect to water.
Plastic-coated aggregate mixes well with hot bitumen and the blend can be used for road construction. Coated plastic waste helps increase both blending property and binding property.
Roads can be constructed with plastic wastes (8 per cent) in conjunction with bitumen (92 per cent). Test samples of plastic-bitumen roads show reduced penetration and ductility; a higher softening point; less rutting and cold cracking and 260 per cent improved resistance to water-soaking, hence, ideal for subgrade; 100 per cent improvement in the fatigue life of roads; and greatly reduced road cracking.

The advantages
There is hardly any difference in constructing roads with this technology compared to conventional road construction methods. The mixing of shredded plastics is the only additional process. Yet, recycling plastic wastes by mixing them with bitumen can help build stronger, better quality roads at a cheaper cost.

"The technology is about utilising the lowest-end plastic waste, which hardly has any recycling value and would have otherwise polluted water bodies, choked the nallahs and killed animals if consumed by them," highlights Anand. "The biggest advantage of plastic roads can be seen during the monsoon, when there is water-logging on the road and still no potholes are formed." He elaborates that the main reason is that the aggregates used in this construction are pre-laminated or coated with plastics, which stops rainwater from percolating through, hence contributing to longevity. Besides, it ensures better quality, water-resistant, maintenance-friendly roads, among other benefits. In fact, its longevity is twice that of bitumen-only roads. Further, it is maintenance-free for the first five years.

Other qualities of plastic-tar roads include:
Strength of the road increases by 100 per cent (increased Marshall Stability Value)
Better resistance towards rainwater and water stagnation
No stripping and no potholes
Increased binding and better bonding of the mix
Increased load-withstanding property (withstanding increased load transport)
Consumption of bitumen decreases by not less than 10 per cent
Reduction in pores in aggregate and, hence, less rutting and ravelling
Better soundness
Maintenance cost of the road is almost nil
Road life is doubled
No leaching of plastics
No effect of radiation like UV

Environmental benefits include:
The waste plastic is used only for the lamination of stone aggregate. There is no evolution of any gas during the process. There is no air or land pollution
There is no evolution of CO2 (only melting of plastics)
If 1 km of single-lane plastic tar road is laid, one tonne of plastic is used; this helps avoid the evolution of three tonne of CO2, which may otherwise result owing to the burning of plastics
Investment, cost and returns
There is no additional investment using this technology. In fact, there is a reduction in the cost and saving of bitumen. When comparing a road constructed with this technology, the cost is about Rs.50,000 less than a conventional road, considering the construction of a road surface area of 4,000 sq m, highlights Anand.

Where 1 tonne of bitumen costs Rs 50,000, the same volume of waste plastic would cost Rs 10,000. About 10 per cent of bitumen can be substituted by plastic. When calculated, using plastic wastes would save about 1 tonne of bitumen or Rs 40,000 net for one km of a four-m-wide road. Further, there is no maintenance expenditure for five years.

The returns include a clean environment, free from plastic waste; better roads without any deformation from rain or traffic load; saving natural resources; and using plastic waste effectively in an eco-friendly manner.

Time to act
As this activity requires a positive cross-functional relationship between the PWD and municipal bodies, it requires clear-cut responsibilities of activities to be undertaken by both departments. Indeed, it’s time for India to use its plastic to make (not litter) roads!

– SERAPHINA D’SOUZA FROM CONSTRUCTION WORLD

blurb
JUSCO collects waste plastics from the source, segregates the waste, shreds it into two to four mm size, and mixes the shredded plastic to make a coating over the aggregates used for road construction, thus providing the road tremendous strength at no extra cost.

The Process
Mixing by mini hot-mix plant:

Step 1: Plastic waste made out of PE, PP and PS is cut into a size between 2.36 mm and 4.75 mm using a shredding machine.
Step 2: The bitumen is to be heated to a maximum of 170 degree Celsius for good binding and to prevent weak bonding. (Monitoring the temperature is important)
Step 3: At the mixing chamber, the shredded plastic waste is to be added to the hot aggregate. It gets coated uniformly over the aggregate within 30 seconds, giving an oily look. Thus, plastic-coated aggregate is obtained.
Step 4: Hot bitumen is then added over the plastic-coated aggregate and the resulting mix is used for road construction. The road-laying temperature is between 110 degree Celsius and 120 degree Celsius. The roller used is eight-tonne capacity.

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Concrete

We engineer smarter systems to reduce waste

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Naveen Kumar Sharma, AVP – Sales and Marketing, Toshniwal Industries, talks about redefining instrumentation with customised, digitally enabled solutions engineered for harsh plant environments.

For over six decades, Toshniwal Industries has played a pioneering role in advancing process instrumentation for Indian manufacturing. In this exclusive conversation with Kanika Mathur, Naveen Kumar Sharma, AVP – Sales & Marketing, explains how the company designs kiln and grinding plant solutions tailored to the unique demands of the cement industry. As plants transition to higher AFR use and smarter automation, Toshniwal’s technologies offer greater reliability, accuracy and predictive insight.

Tell us how are your process instruments and condition monitoring system customised for cement kilns and grinding plant operations?
Toshniwal is a company with a legacy of over 65 years, and our experience has taught us that cement kilns and grinding units are fundamentally different in their operational demands. As an Indian company, we understand the unique requirements of Indian cement manufacturers. We work closely with our customers, engage deeply with their technical teams, and study operational challenges in real-time.
Based on these insights, we customise our solutions for both kiln and grinding applications. This tailoring is not just at a product level, but at a solution level—engineering design, instrumentation logic, and process optimisation. Our primary objective, for both the industry and our customers, is to reduce yield loss. Every customisation we implement is driven by this goal. We engineer smarter systems to reduce waste, improve consistency and increase plant reliability.
Ultimately, our solutions are built on an understanding that cement manufacturers require robust, practical and maintainable instruments. We design with this mindset so plants can operate more efficiently, with better control and higher profitability.

With the rising use of AFR, how do your solutions support thermal zone reliability and process time?
Our solutions are built around four core parameters: energy efficiency, yield loss reduction, product quality and environmental responsibility. These pillars drive our engineering decisions and define how our technologies support cement plants, especially as they adopt alternative fuels and raw materials (AFR).
We strongly believe in energy conservation. Every product we offer—whether for thermal monitoring, kiln control or flame optimisation—is engineered to improve energy performance. Reducing yield loss is another principle deeply embedded in our solutions, because production interruptions and material losses directly affect plant profitability and clinker quality.
We are also highly conscious of the end-product quality delivered by our customers to their markets. Consistency in burning, heat transfer, and thermal profiling directly influences clinker characteristics, and our instruments help maintain this stability.
Lastly, and most importantly, we care about the environment. We want to leave a greener world for the next generation. This mindset aligns with India’s digitalisation movement, advocated by our Prime Minister. Digital technologies are crucial for optimising AFR use, process stability, emissions and kiln efficiency. We are proud to contribute to this transition.
By optimising flame patterns, energy use, and pollution, our solutions deliver direct and indirect savings. Plants benefit from lower operational losses, reduced maintenance, and improved reliability, especially in pyroprocessing zones.

Tell us how do you address harsh environment challenges in cement plants, say dust, temperature, etc. with your sensor and monitoring?
This is a very important question because cement plants, steel plants, and power plants operate in extremely harsh environments. There are two major categories of specifications that we must respect while designing solutions: technical specifications and environmental specifications. Technical specifications relate to performance accuracy, measurement integrity, responsiveness and process safety. Environmental specifications, on the other hand, relate to high temperatures, heavy dust, humidity, vibrations and corrosive atmospheres. Our solutions are engineered to withstand both. We customise sensors, housings, mounting mechanisms and protective systems so that our instruments operate at 100 per cent functionality in harsh conditions. We ensure that the plant experiences minimal downtime from our systems. That is our engineering philosophy—solutions must work reliably in real-world environments, not just in ideal laboratory conditions.

What retrofit pathways do you offer for older cement lines to upgrade measurement and monitoring systems and how is the Indian market responding?
Every solution we provide is scalable and digitally adaptable. Technology evolves rapidly, and our offerings evolve with it. When we upgrade instruments or monitoring systems, we design them to integrate with existing plant infrastructure, so customers do not have to rebuild everything from scratch. Once our solution is installed, software upgrades or performance improvements can often be deployed without major cost. This ensures that customers continue to benefit from ongoing technological advancements. The Indian market has responded positively to this approach. Plant operators appreciate solutions that are future-ready and dynamic rather than static. Scalability helps them maintain competitiveness, extend asset life, and move toward smart manufacturing with confidence.

So how is your organisation leveraging digital technologies in your instrumentation portfolio for cement plants?
Digitalisation is at the core of every product we manufacture. We stand firmly behind the digital movement, not only because it represents efficiency, but because it is the direction in which the Indian industrial ecosystem is evolving. We deploy machine-vision technologies, advanced inline monitoring systems, and solutions capable of visualising the
inside of the furnace. These systems help reduce downtime, enable predictive asset management and provide actionable analytics to customers. All our technologies communicate seamlessly with Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 automation. This allows integration across SCADA, DCS, ERP, and cloud ecosystems. Digitalisation for us is not an add-on—it is foundational to how our instrumentation is built.

What are your key innovation priorities to help Indian cement plant producers hit harder, higher substitution rates, lower emissions and smarter processing?
Sustainability is a national priority, and we are committed to supporting it. Our current portfolio already helps improve efficiency, reduce emissions, and support alternative fuel integration. But our innovation roadmap goes further. We are now developing specialised productivity-oriented software modules that will provide proactive alerts—not just alarms triggered after a fault has occurred. These modules will leverage artificial intelligence and machine learning to detect patterns early. The intention is to help plant teams take corrective actions ahead of time, reducing yield loss and environmental impact. Instead of informing the plant that a disruption has happened, the system will indicate that a disruption will happen, giving operators time to prevent it. We believe that within the next 12 to 18 months, we will launch these predictive solutions in combination with our instrumentation. When implemented, they will significantly improve decision-making, process stability and environmental performance across the Indian cement sector.

– Kanika Mathur

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Concrete

India donates 225t of cement for Myanmar earthquake relief

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On 23 May 2025, the Indian Navy ship UMS Myitkyina arrived at Thilawa (MITT) port carrying 225 tonnes of cement provided by the Indian government to aid post-earthquake rebuilding efforts in Myanmar. As reported by the Global Light of Myanmar, a formal handover of 4500 50kg cement bags took place that afternoon. The Yangon Region authorities managed the loading of the cement onto trucks for distribution to the earthquake-affected zones.

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Concrete

Reclamation of Used Oil for a Greener Future

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In this insightful article, KB Mathur, Founder and Director, Global Technical Services, explores how reclaiming used lubricants through advanced filtration and on-site testing can drive cost savings, enhance productivity, and support a greener industrial future. Read on to discover how oil regeneration is revolutionising sustainability in cement and core industries.

The core principle of the circular economy is to redefine the life cycle of materials and products. Unlike traditional linear models where waste from industrial production is dumped/discarded into the environment causing immense harm to the environment;the circular model seeks to keep materials literally in continuous circulation. This is achievedthrough processes cycle of reduction, regeneration, validating (testing) and reuse. Product once
validated as fit, this model ensures that products and materials are reintroduced into the production system, minimising waste. The result? Cleaner and greener manufacturing that fosters a more sustainable planet for future generations.

The current landscape of lubricants
Modern lubricants, typically derived from refined hydrocarbons, made from highly refined petroleum base stocks from crude oil. These play a critical role in maintaining the performance of machinery by reducing friction, enabling smooth operation, preventing damage and wear. However, most of these lubricants; derived from finite petroleum resources pose an environmental challenge once used and disposed of. As industries become increasingly conscious of their environmental impact, the paramount importance or focus is shifting towards reducing the carbon footprint and maximising the lifespan of lubricants; not just for environmental reasons but also to optimise operational costs.
During operations, lubricants often lose their efficacy and performance due to contamination and depletion of additives. When these oils reach their rejection limits (as they will now offer poor or bad lubrication) determined through laboratory testing, they are typically discarded contributing to environmental contamination and pollution.
But here lies an opportunity: Used lubricants can be regenerated and recharged, restoring them to their original performance level. This not only mitigates environmental pollution but also supports a circular economy by reducing waste and conserving resources.

Circular economy in lubricants
In the world of industrial machinery, lubricating oils while essential; are often misunderstood in terms of their life cycle. When oils are used in machinery, they don’t simply ‘DIE’. Instead, they become contaminated with moisture (water) and solid contaminants like dust, dirt, and wear debris. These contaminants degrade the oil’s effectiveness but do not render it completely unusable. Used lubricants can be regenerated via advanced filtration processes/systems and recharged with the use of performance enhancing additives hence restoring them. These oils are brought back to ‘As-New’ levels. This new fresher lubricating oil is formulated to carry out its specific job providing heightened lubrication and reliable performance of the assets with a view of improved machine condition. Hence, contributing to not just cost savings but leading to magnified productivity, and diminished environmental stress.

Save oil, save environment
At Global Technical Services (GTS), we specialise in the regeneration of hydraulic oils and gear oils used in plant operations. While we don’t recommend the regeneration of engine oils due to the complexity of contaminants and additives, our process ensures the continued utility of oils in other applications, offering both cost-saving and environmental benefits.

Regeneration process
Our regeneration plant employs state-of-the-art advanced contamination removal systems including fine and depth filters designed to remove dirt, wear particles, sludge, varnish, and water. Once contaminants are removed, the oil undergoes comprehensive testing to assess its physico-chemical properties and contamination levels. The test results indicate the status of the regenerated oil as compared to the fresh oil.
Depending upon the status the oil is further supplemented with high performance additives to bring it back to the desired specifications, under the guidance of an experienced lubrication technologist.
Contamination Removal ? Testing ? Additive Addition
(to be determined after testing in oil test laboratory)

The steps involved in this process are as follows:
1. Contamination removal: Using advanced filtration techniques to remove contaminants.
2. Testing: Assessing the oil’s properties to determine if it meets the required performance standards.
3. Additive addition: Based on testing results, performance-enhancing additives are added to restore the oil’s original characteristics.

On-site oil testing laboratories
The used oil from the machine passes through 5th generation fine filtration to be reclaimed as ‘New Oil’ and fit to use as per stringent industry standards.
To effectively implement circular economy principles in oil reclamation from used oil, establishing an on-site oil testing laboratory is crucial at any large plants or sites. Scientific testing methods ensure that regenerated oil meets the specifications required for optimal machine performance, making it suitable for reuse as ‘New Oil’ (within specified tolerances). Hence, it can be reused safely by reintroducing it in the machines.
The key parameters to be tested for regenerated hydraulic, gear and transmission oils (except Engine oils) include both physical and chemical characteristics of the lubricant:

  • Kinematic Viscosity
  • Flash Point
  • Total Acid Number
  • Moisture / Water Content
  • Oil Cleanliness
  • Elemental Analysis (Particulates, Additives and Contaminants)
  • Insoluble

The presence of an on-site laboratory is essential for making quick decisions; ensuring that test reports are available within 36 to 48 hours and this prevents potential mechanical issues/ failures from arising due to poor lubrication. This symbiotic and cyclic process helps not only reduce waste and conserve oil, but also contributes in achieving cost savings and playing a big role in green economy.

Conclusion
The future of industrial operations depends on sustainability, and reclaiming used lubricating oils plays a critical role in this transformation. Through 5th Generation Filtration processes, lubricants can be regenerated and restored to their original levels, contributing to both environmental preservation and economic efficiency.
What would happen if we didn’t recycle our lubricants? Let’s review the quadruple impacts as mentioned below:
1. Oil Conservation and Environmental Impact: Used lubricating oils after usage are normally burnt or sold to a vendor which can be misused leading to pollution. Regenerating oils rather than discarding prevents unnecessary waste and reduces the environmental footprint of the industry. It helps save invaluable resources, aligning with the principles of sustainability and the circular economy. All lubricating oils (except engine oils) can be regenerated and brought to the level of ‘As New Oils’.
2. Cost Reduction Impact: By extending the life of lubricants, industries can significantly cut down on operating costs associated with frequent oil changes, leading to considerable savings over time. Lubricating oils are expensive and saving of lubricants by the process of regeneration will overall be a game changer and highly economical to the core industries.
3. Timely Decisions Impact: Having an oil testing laboratory at site is of prime importance for getting test reports within 36 to 48 hours enabling quick decisions in critical matters that may
lead to complete shutdown of the invaluable asset/equipment.
4. Green Economy Impact: Oil Regeneration is a fundamental part of the green economy. Supporting industries in their efforts to reduce waste, conserve resources, and minimise pollution is ‘The Need of Our Times’.

About the author:
KB Mathur, Founder & Director, Global Technical Services, is a seasoned mechanical engineer with 56 years of experience in India’s oil industry and industrial reliability. He pioneered ‘Total Lubrication Management’ and has been serving the mining and cement sectors since 1999.

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