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AAC production in cement plant

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Cement companies can manufacture AAC blocks and can compete with stand alone AAC units in the country.
The raw materials required for AAC production are readily available in any cement manufacturing plant. The process does not require installation of a steam boiler or a power plant and can utilise the waste-heat from the clinker cooler exhaust gases for steam curing of aerated concrete. The method also earns carbon credits not only for the green product being made, but also for waste-heat utilisation. Although, there are more than 35 standalone AAC manufacturing units in India, very limited attempts have been made to manufacture AAC by the cement plants. One reason behind this is the lack of awareness about the new technologies that were developed recently in this field. DS Venkatesh elaborates on the technology offered by Cemeng for AAC production in a cement plant.

What is AAC
AAC is lightweight autoclaved aerated concrete, which is completely cured, inert and stable form of calcium silicate hydrate. It is a structural material, approximately one quarter in weight of the conventional concrete. It is composed of minute cells/air pockets, which give the material its lightweight and high thermal insulation characteristics. It is available as blocks and as pre-cast reinforced units for building floors, roofs, walls and lintels.

Raw material
Raw materials for AAC vary with the manufacturer and the location. The kinds of materials that could be used are detailed in the ASTM C1386 specifications. They include some, or all, of the following: fine silica sand; Class F fly ash; hydraulic cements; calcined lime; gypsum; expansive agents such as finely ground aluminium powder or paste; and water.

AAC is produced by mixing quartz sand and/or pulverised fly ash (PFA), lime, cement, gypsum/anhydrite, water and aluminium and is hardened by steam-curing in autoclaves. The silica is obtained from silica sand, fly ash (PFA), crushed silica rock and/or stone. It is possible to obtain silica as a by-product coming from other processes such as foundry sand or burgee from glass grinding; although, it can be used only if the levels of alkali or other impurities are not too high. The calcium is obtained from quick lime, hydrated lime and cement. Gypsum acts as a catalyst and enhances the properties of AAC. Careful regulation of the amount of aluminium powder gives accurate control over the density of the final product.

Cement with the least per cent of clinker would be the cheapest and suitable, e.g., Portland limestone cement. If milling of siliceous material is required, Cemeng suggests grinding of a composite mix of siliceous materials together with cement clinker, lime and gypsum/anhydrous. The ground material can be stored in a single bin. It also eliminates the need for multiple handling of individual constituents and weigh batchers. Cemeng employs a PSRG mill function in open circuit to produce the desired fineness of the composite mix.

Process flow
Cemeng has simplified the process flow to minimise the number of equipment and material handling requirements in mini AAC plants. The process gets rid of ?wet cutting? the green cake as it is possible only if the plant is involved in exclusive production of smaller blocks. Other AAC products with or without reinforcement certainly require ?dry milling? of cured cakes for profiling. Cemeng moulds for AAC are wheel-mounted units with a base plate and sliding sidewalls. There is no need for rotation or dismantling and re-assembling of side plates. Loaded moulds are transferred directly into the autoclaves for steam curing. Cemeng autoclaves generate the required steam in the autoclave itself. Separate boiler is not required. For mini AAC plants, Cemeng suggests after-cutting/milling of cured blocks for economic benefits.

The important unit operations involved in AAC production are gravimetric proportioning and mixing of constituents with water to form the slurry. This is followed with secondary mixing with expansive agents, pouring the slurry into casting moulds and then allowing sufficient time for initial hydration. Once the material is hydrated it gains enough strength to support its own weight and can undergo de-moulding/cutting. The cakes are then transferred into autoclave for high pressure steam curing. Once cooled, the autoclaved blocks are ready for after-cutting/milling as per the required profile. The AAC cost depends mainly on the cost of mineral binders and the expansive agents used. The cost of silica can vary from location to location.

Cement plant and Cemeng mini AAC production line
Cemeng mini AAC production line can be installed in an existing cement plant. Cement plants are already processing and handling both siliceous and mineral binder constituents, except for lime and sand. Also, ground raw meal, preheater ESP dust, pre-calcined meal from bottom most stage of preheater can partially or wholly replace lime. Sand may be replaced by ground slag and cinder. Clinker dust from cooler ESP and gypsum can replace cement. Besides, clinker cooler exhaust air may be effectively utilised for production of steam required for autoclaving, thus eliminating the need for a separate boiler set up.

AAC production capacity, on a thumb rule basis, can be considered as twenty cubic meter per day for every 100 tpd production capacity of the clinkerisation unit. This is based on steam production using gases only from the from clinker cooler exhaust.

Manufacturing process
To make AAC, sand is ground to the required fineness in a ball mill and is stored along with other raw materials. The raw materials are then batched by weight and are delivered to the mixer. Measured amounts of water and expansive agent is added to the mixer to prepare a cementitious slurry.

Preparation of slurry
Slurry preparation is a batch process. When AAC is being made from dry constituents, Cemeng employs separate weighbin augur dosers for each constituent the Cemeng weighbin augur doser, which uses a combination of weight and volumetric filling. A vertical auger looks like a corkscrew. The auger rotates in the hopper filled with lose powder. As it turns, it drives the powder through the bottom of the hopper into a narrow tube, where the powder is drawn down by a turning screw. The auger runs through the narrow tube, creating a tight fit. As the screw turns, it pulls the prescribed amount of powder down the tube. The agitator keeps the feed flowing to the centre of the auger. You can control the amount of powder delivered by setting the number of revolution made by the auger.

The augur screw discharges into a tubular disc conveyor for conveying and transferring directly into the AAC mixer. Subsequently, aluminium paste is added, secondary mixing is carried out and the final slurry is discharged into the AAC moulds.

Casting in moulds
Steel moulds are prepared to receive fresh AAC. If reinforced AAC panels are to be produced, steel reinforcing cages are secured within the moulds. After mixing, the slurry is poured into the moulds. The expansive agent creates small, finely dispersed voids in the fresh mixture, which increases the volume by about 50 per cent within three hours. The moulding of AAC in the mould box, holding for initial strength and de-moulding prior to autoclaving is an important step in reducing the material handling. Conventionally, the base of the moulds-box and three sides are welded together with only one side plate of mountable type. This calls for mould rotation to load the green mould on to the mountable side plate.

Cemeng moulds for AAC are trolley-mounted units with a base plate and sliding sidewalls. During casting, the sidewalls are slided inwards to form a box holding the slurry. The sidewalls keep space all around the green cake for the passage of steam. No rotation or dismantling of the side plates and reassembling are required. After curing in autoclaves, the cake is picked up by a grab and is transferred to the trolley.

Cemeng also offers ?FlexiMold? wherein rectangular shaped pre-stitched permeable cloth bags with open top are held at the base of the trolley. The flexibag is filled half with slurry and the top half is left empty to allow for expansion. As the green cake attains strength, it attains the shape of the flexibag. The telescopic brackets are then lowered. The bracket is held in its lowest position when the trolley is moved into the autoclave. The green cake along with FlexiMold is left undisturbed. After curing, the trolley is moved out and the cured cake in the moulding bag is lifted and transferred to storage. FlexiMold serves as a protective cover for cured block and it is also disposable. The size of the green cake can be set as required and several green cakes can be mounted on a single trolley.

Autoclaving
Autoclaving is steam curing at high temperature and pressure. It is required to achieve the desired structural properties and dimensional stability. The chemical reactions that produce the final calcium silicate hydrate structure happen in the autoclave. The process takes about eight to 12 hours under pressure of about 174 psi (12 bar) and a temperature of about 360?F (180?C), depending on the grade of material produced. Preferably, two autoclaves are used with the casting and precuring section in between. The mixing station is located near the discharge end of the autoclave. The thermic fluid reservoir is located at the feed end of the autoclave. This permits the precuring shed to store the cast moulds for the required duration. The waste heat from grate cooler exhaust is utilised for the heating the thermic fluid in a simple heat exchanger. It is estimated that at least 350-400 kg/hr of steam could be generated per 100 tpd production capacity of clinkerisation unit. To initiate the curing cycle, the thermic fluid, heated to 205?C, is passed through the coils in the reservoir at the bottom of each autoclave to generate steam. The hot steam pressure rises up to 1.75Mpa.

After-cutting/milling of cured AAC Blocks
Steam cured AAC blocks can be transported directly to the marketing yards. After-cutting can be carried out by the stockists or at the construction site itself. Existing granite/stone cutting and polishing units at different cities in the marketing zone can be used to saw the AAC blocks to the required size/dimensions. It is always possible to saw cut the large size AAC blocks to the required size at the construction site. Any broken pieces could be used as lightweight filler, thus nothing is wasted.

Conclusion
Every cement plant has to take green initiatives to safeguard sustainability. Using waste-heat for steam generation is highly cost effective and adds to the profits of AAC production. Besides, the plant will also be a captive consumer of cement. Every cement plant can produce AAC at considerably lower cost and can compete with standalone AAC units. AAC products can save time, labour, cement and sand during construction.

References
Eco-Care Building products: www.primeaac.com
Raw material formulae: Dearye Brick machine
Silica, calcium joined in premium products, by Sandy Herod Pit and Quarry Dec 1987 Pg.72 – 74
Brick manufacture in a Cement Plant by DS Venkatesh, Cemtec Engineering, Secunderabad. Indian Cement Review May 1989, Pages ICR-19 to ICR-25 Green Concrete by Yuvraj Patil, Flycrete. Indian Cement Review, May 2014 ?Let us employ PSRG Milling Technology? by DS Venkatesh, Indian Cement Industry Desk Book, March 2014. www.victoryenergy.com

DS Venkatesh,
Freelance Industrial Consultant
Email: dsvenkatesh40@gmail.com
Former CEO and Director of Cemtec Engineering at Secunderabad, DS Venkatesh is currently working as a freelance industrial consultant. He started as a Design Engineer at ACC and later had a long stint at Holtec-India holding several responsible positions. He has been one of the lead consultants to many rotary based mini cement plants and expansions.

DS Venkatesh has provided technical know-how, design and manufacturing drawings for cement production machinery to many Indian machinery manufacturers. Re-engineering and retrofitting of plant/machinery for enhanced productivity is his forte. His work has helped in enhancement of PSRG milling technology applied in media grinding.

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Concrete

ABB Extends Drive Lifespan at ACC Cement Plant Without Production Shutdown

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ABB reconditions 25 drives at ACC’s Jamul cement plant, avoiding 16 tonnes of CO₂ emissions while improving reliability through predictive maintenance.
Chhattisgarh

ABB has signed a multi-year Motion OneCare service agreement with ACC Limited, part of the Adani Group, to modernise ageing industrial drives at its Jamul cement plant in Chhattisgarh, improving operational reliability while avoiding approximately 16 tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions without disrupting production.

Announced on 27 October 2026, the agreement combines scheduled drive reconditioning, digital condition monitoring and energy appraisals to extend equipment lifespan, improve plant uptime and optimise maintenance costs. The initiative marks a shift from conventional equipment replacement towards a more resource-efficient approach to industrial asset management.

The first phase, completed in April 2026, involved the on-site reconditioning of 25 ABB ACS800 variable speed drives without a major plant shutdown. By retaining the existing cabinets and restoring the drive modules rather than replacing entire panels, ABB helped ACC preserve capital investment, minimise material consumption and avoid approximately 16 tonnes of CO₂ emissions.

A second phase, covering an additional 25 ACS800 drive modules, is scheduled for the fourth quarter of 2026. The programme is designed to improve long-term equipment reliability while allowing maintenance activities to be aligned with the plant’s operational schedules.

The ACS800 drives, installed at Jamul in 2010, had delivered more than a decade of near-continuous service in demanding cement manufacturing conditions. However, ageing electrical components and changing fault patterns had begun to affect their ability to meet the plant’s reliability requirements.

Rather than opting for complete equipment replacement, ACC engaged ABB’s certified engineers to conduct a comprehensive asset health assessment. The evaluation found that the existing cabinets and enclosures remained structurally sound, making targeted reconditioning a technically viable and cost-effective alternative to full replacement.

Drawing on nearly two decades of experience with ACC’s equipment and operating requirements, ABB developed a maintenance framework tailored to the plant’s shutdown windows, budget cycles and production priorities.

The Motion OneCare agreement incorporates planned equipment restoration, condition-based monitoring and energy assessments, enabling ACC to adopt a more systematic approach to maintaining critical electrical infrastructure.

As part of the programme, ACC has implemented ABB Ability™ Digital Powertrain Insights to monitor drive performance and identify emerging operational issues before they result in equipment failures.

The digital platform provides continuous visibility into parameters such as temperature, current, vibration and fault patterns. These insights allow maintenance teams to detect early signs of equipment deterioration, schedule interventions more effectively and reduce the likelihood of unexpected downtime.

Amit Gupta, Local Division Manager, Motion Services, ABB India, said: “We know what unchecked wear costs over time: a small inefficiency that eats away at ROI for years. At Jamul, the evidence pointed clearly to assets with productive life still in them.”

“Our job was to restore them properly and give the team the tools to stay ahead of the next problem. At ABB, we don’t just fix what fails. We want to protect what works.”

The initiative also demonstrates the growing relevance of circular economy principles in cement manufacturing, where extending the service life of existing industrial equipment can reduce capital expenditure, material consumption and the environmental impact associated with manufacturing replacement components.

According to ABB, drive reconditioning can reduce lifecycle emissions by 50 to 80 per cent compared with complete equipment replacement. By preserving functional components and restoring critical modules, the process helps retain the economic and material value of existing industrial assets.

The addition of energy appraisals in subsequent phases will further expand the programme beyond equipment restoration, enabling ACC to assess drive performance, identify energy-saving opportunities and improve operating efficiency.

For cement manufacturers, variable speed drives play an important role in controlling motors and optimising energy consumption across production processes. Maintaining their reliability and efficiency is essential for minimising operational disruptions and managing electricity costs.

Vinod Bahety, CEO – Cement Business, Adani Group, said: “Moving from reactive firefighting to a structured maintenance plan was exactly what this operation needed. That kind of peace of mind doesn’t come easily. It comes from a partner that understands how your business runs.”

“We didn’t need a full system overhaul; we needed expert support, actionable insights, and a plan we could execute around our schedule. That’s what we got.”

The project supports ACC’s broader strategy to improve manufacturing efficiency through digital transformation, preventive maintenance and sustainable asset management.

ACC, a subsidiary of Ambuja Cements and part of the Adani Group, operates 20 cement manufacturing facilities and 119 ready-mix concrete plants across India. The company has been advancing initiatives focused on renewable energy, circular economy practices and technology-driven operational improvements.

Alongside Ambuja Cements, ACC is part of a large-scale building materials business committed to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050, with near-term and net-zero targets validated by the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi).

The Jamul initiative aligns with these sustainability objectives by demonstrating how equipment life extension and digital monitoring can contribute to resource efficiency without requiring large-scale replacement of existing infrastructure.

ABB, a global technology company specialising in electrification and automation, brings more than 140 years of industrial expertise and employs approximately 110,000 people worldwide. Its Motion Services business supports industrial customers through equipment maintenance, modernisation, digital monitoring and lifecycle management solutions.

The agreement also reflects a wider shift in industrial maintenance practices, with manufacturers increasingly adopting predictive technologies to improve equipment availability, manage costs and reduce unplanned shutdowns.

With 25 drives already reconditioned and another 25 scheduled for restoration, ABB’s collaboration with ACC illustrates how targeted modernisation, digital monitoring and circular maintenance practices can extend the operational life of critical equipment while supporting more efficient and sustainable cement production.

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Concrete

ABB Drives Digital Transformation at TCI MAX Cement Plant in J&K

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ABB deploys advanced process control at TCI MAX’s Srinagar cement plant to improve clinker quality, energy efficiency and sustainable manufacturing.

Kashmir 

ABB has deployed its advanced process control technology at TCI MAX Cement’s Srinagar facility in Jammu and Kashmir, marking the region’s first reported implementation of advanced process control (APC) in cement manufacturing and strengthening efforts towards more efficient, digitally enabled production.

Announced on 5 November 2026, the deployment of ABB Ability™ Expert Optimizer at the facility, operated by Trumboo Industries Pvt. Ltd., aims to improve process stability, clinker quality, energy efficiency and overall plant productivity. The implementation forms part of TCI MAX’s strategy to modernise its manufacturing operations through automation and digital technologies.

Following the integration of ABB’s advanced process control solution and supporting IT infrastructure, TCI MAX has reported improvements in operational productivity, product quality and sustainability-related performance indicators. The technology focuses on optimising the cement pyro process, a critical stage of production involving high-temperature processing and clinker formation.

Waseem Ahmed Trumboo, Director, Trumboo Industries Pvt. Ltd., said: “Introducing advanced process control at TCI MAX is an important step in how we are evolving our operations. Our focus is on improving the stability and efficiency of our processes while maintaining consistent clinker quality. We have been encouraged by the performance of the solution during commissioning and by the support from the ABB team, and we look forward to realizing its full potential.”

ABB Ability™ Expert Optimizer combines advanced process control, model predictive control (MPC) and artificial intelligence (AI) to continuously monitor and optimise manufacturing operations. By analysing process conditions, predicting operational behaviour and automatically adjusting key parameters, the system enables more consistent production while reducing process variability.

In cement manufacturing, maintaining stable pyro-processing conditions is essential for achieving uniform clinker quality and optimising thermal energy consumption. Fluctuations in operating parameters can affect fuel efficiency, production output and product consistency.

The deployment is designed to address these challenges through real-time process optimisation, helping operators maintain more stable kiln operations while improving the utilisation of fuel, electricity and raw materials.

Kapil Agarwal, Senior Vice President and Local Division Manager, Process Industries Division, ABB India, said: “Cement producers are increasingly looking to adopt digital technologies to achieve greater consistency and efficiency while addressing their sustainability priorities. ABB Ability™ Expert Optimizer brings advanced process control and deep cement process expertise together to help operators make their processes more stable and efficient. We are pleased to support TCI MAX as it takes this important step in its digital transformation.”

The technology also supports sustainability objectives by optimising fuel consumption, improving electrical energy efficiency and minimising process waste. More stable operations can contribute to lower energy intensity and reduced emissions associated with cement production.

For TCI MAX, the investment represents a move towards data-driven manufacturing, where automated control systems complement operator expertise to improve production performance and operational reliability.

The implementation is particularly significant for Jammu and Kashmir’s cement industry, as it introduces advanced process optimisation technology to a regional manufacturing facility. Its deployment could demonstrate the potential for wider adoption of digital automation across cement plants seeking to modernise their operations.

The project builds on ABB’s experience in delivering advanced process control solutions to cement manufacturers worldwide. Through the integration of industrial automation, predictive technologies and process engineering expertise, the company supports manufacturers in improving resource efficiency and maintaining consistent production quality.

As cement producers face increasing pressure to manage energy costs, improve productivity and reduce their environmental footprint, technologies such as AI-enabled process control and predictive optimisation are becoming important components of plant modernisation strategies.

ABB’s Expert Optimizer provides a platform for addressing these priorities by enabling automated adjustments based on changing process conditions, reducing reliance on manual intervention and supporting more efficient plant operation.

ABB, a global technology company specialising in electrification and automation, has more than 140 years of industrial experience and approximately 110,000 employees worldwide. Its Automation business employs around 26,000 people and provides technologies and services across process, hybrid and maritime industries.

The TCI MAX deployment reinforces ABB’s growing role in the digital transformation of cement manufacturing in India, where improving process efficiency and reducing energy consumption remain critical to the industry’s long-term sustainability.

With the advanced process control system now implemented at its Srinagar facility, TCI MAX aims to build on the initial operational improvements and further optimise production efficiency, clinker consistency and environmental performance.

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Concrete

Ramco Cements’ Hard Worker Wins Eight Awards at ‘Love of Advertising Awards 2026’

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Ramco Cements’ Hard Worker brand wins eight awards for excellence in advertising, packaging and brand identity at the Love of Advertising Awards 2026.

Hyderabad 

The Ramco Cements Limited’s construction chemicals brand, Hard Worker, has secured eight awards at the Love of Advertising Awards 2026, recognising its creative excellence across television, digital advertising, packaging design and brand identity.

Organised by the Advertising Club of Trivandrum, the awards were presented at a ceremony held at The Leela Raviz, Kovalam, on 24 October 2026. The recognition highlights Hard Worker’s integrated marketing strategy and its efforts to establish a distinctive presence in India’s competitive construction chemicals market.

The eight awards span multiple creative categories, reflecting the brand’s approach to combining product-focused communication with engaging storytelling, humour and innovative design. Through its campaigns, Hard Worker has sought to simplify technical product benefits and make construction chemicals more accessible and relatable to consumers and construction professionals.

Built around the philosophy of “Hard-working products for hardworking people”, the brand focuses on communicating practical product advantages through memorable advertising narratives while maintaining a consistent identity across different marketing platforms.

Its campaigns for Ramco Hard Worker Eco Plaster and Tile Fix have been central to this approach. The Eco Plaster campaign highlights water conservation through the product’s self-curing properties, positioning it as a solution that supports more efficient construction practices. Meanwhile, Tile Fix promotes specialised tile-fixing solutions by presenting their practical benefits through relatable situations and creative storytelling.

Beyond advertising, Hard Worker has invested in distinctive packaging and brand identity development to improve product recognition and maintain consistency across customer touchpoints. This integrated approach has helped the brand differentiate itself in a category where marketing communication has traditionally focused on technical specifications and functional performance.

A V Dharmakrishnan, CEO, Ramco Cements, said, “Winning eight awards at the Love of Advertising Awards is a proud moment for Ramco Cements and the Hard Worker team. We believe that building a strong brand requires not only quality products but also the ability to communicate their value in a compelling and differentiated manner. Hard Worker’s journey reflects our commitment to combining product performance with innovative marketing to create meaningful connections with our customers and strengthen our presence in the construction chemicals market.”

The recognition comes as building materials manufacturers increasingly focus on brand differentiation, product awareness and customer engagement to strengthen their position in the construction chemicals segment.

By using humour and storytelling to explain product applications and benefits, Hard Worker aims to bridge the communication gap between technical construction solutions and the practical requirements of contractors, applicators and end-users.

Balaji K. Moorthy, Executive Director – Marketing, Ramco Cements, said, “Hard Worker was conceived to bring a fresh perspective to the construction chemicals category, where product communication has traditionally been functional and technical. Our endeavour has been to break through the clutter with distinctive ideas, humour and storytelling, while keeping the product proposition at the heart of every campaign. The recognition across TV and digital advertising, packaging design and brand identity design demonstrates our integrated approach to building the brand. These eight awards are an encouraging recognition of the creative thinking and collaborative effort behind Hard Worker’s marketing initiatives.”

The awards add to Hard Worker’s growing portfolio of creative recognitions and reinforce Ramco Cements’ emphasis on integrating product innovation with strategic marketing.

The brand’s communication initiatives also reflect a wider shift in the construction materials industry, where manufacturers are increasingly adopting consumer-focused marketing strategies to improve product understanding and strengthen relationships with construction professionals.

With its portfolio of construction chemicals, Hard Worker aims to address evolving requirements for durability, application efficiency and construction quality. Its marketing efforts seek to complement these product attributes by building stronger awareness and encouraging the adoption of specialised construction solutions.

Ramco Cements, one of India’s established cement manufacturers, operates across cement and allied building solutions. Through Hard Worker, the company is expanding its presence in the construction chemicals segment with products designed to enhance performance, quality and durability in modern construction applications.

The latest recognition strengthens Hard Worker’s brand visibility and underscores the growing importance of creative communication in promoting technical building materials. Ramco Cements intends to continue combining product development with distinctive marketing initiatives to support the brand’s growth in India’s construction chemicals market.

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