Economy & Market
Low-Carbon Future: Reimagining Cement
Published
4 months agoon
By
admin
Milind Khangan, Manager – Marketing, Vertex Market Research, discusses how cement, India’s hard-to-abate sector, is paving the path to Net Zero.
The Indian cement industry, the world’s second-largest, holds an installed capacity of around 700 million tonnes per annum (MTPA) and is fundamental to India’s infrastructure growth and urbanisation. However, it remains one of the country’s most challenging ‘hard-to-abate’ sectors, contributing nearly 7–8 per cent of national industrial CO2 emissions.
With India’s commitment to achieving Net-Zero by 2070, decarbonising cement production has become a national strategic priority. The sector’s transformation can be understood through the 3Cs of Decarbonisation — Cut emissions, Cement innovation, and Carbon capture and utilisation. Together, these pillars, underpinned by digital optimisation, automation and enabling policy frameworks, represent a structured pathway towards deep emission reduction while maintaining industrial competitiveness. Government-backed pilot projects and public-private testbeds are helping transition the sector from demonstration to early commercial adoption, creating a foundation for large-scale transformation.
Cut: Cutting operational emissions (near-term, high ROI)
The first pillar ‘Cut’ focuses on immediate, high-impact interventions targeting emissions from fuel combustion and electricity use, which collectively account for around 30 per cent of the industry’s total emissions.
Fuel switching and AFR
Co-processing Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF), industrial waste, and biomass is steadily replacing coal and other high-carbon fossil fuels. This approach not only lowers Scope 1 emissions but also contributes to waste management in urban and industrial clusters.
- Ambuja Cements increased its AFR consumption in kilns to 9.4 per cent in H1 FY25 from 7 per cent in H1 FY24, indicating an improved Thermal Substitution Rate (TSR).
- Securing consistent, reliable and high-quality RDF feedstock through municipal partnerships has become a strategic priority.
Waste Heat Recovery (WHR)
WHR systems convert residual heat from the pyroprocess into captive electricity, reducing Scope 2 emissions and enhancing thermal efficiency. Increasingly, WHR is being integrated with renewable energy (RE) sources to stabilise green power supply.
- As of March 2025, UltraTech Cement held 342 MW of WHR capacity, contributing to a total green energy portfolio of 1.36 GW, including solar and wind.
- Dalmia Bharat increased its renewable energy share to 39 per cent in Q2 FY25, targeting 45 per cent by the end of the fiscal year.
- In August 2025, UltraTech commissioned a 7.5 MW Hybrid Round-the-Clock (RTC) project (solar + wind + battery) in Gujarat in August 2025 to stabilise renewable energy supply.
Energy efficiency and process optimisation
Advanced digitised process controls, AI-driven kiln optimisation, and predictive maintenance
systems reduce clinker overburn, stabilise AFR use, and optimise thermal efficiency. Closed-loop kiln control using AI/ML is increasingly identified as a strategic differentiator.
- AI and machine learning-based closed-loop kiln control delivers thermal energy savings of 5-10 per cent and reduces downtime.
- Imubit reported clinker production efficiency improvements of 5-10 per cent and fuel consumption reductions of 3-5 per cent by deployment of Closed-Loop AI Optimisation (AIO).
Renewable power procurement
Vertex Market Research expects the expansion of on-site solar, wind, and open-access corporate PPAs is reducing reliance on grid electricity and mitigating Scope 2 emissions. The trend is shifting towards hybrid and RTC renewable solutions integrating solar, wind, and battery systems.
- UltraTech added 269 MW of renewable capacity in Q4 FY25, meeting approximately 46 per cent of its power requirements. The total capacity consists of 1,021 MW of solar, wind, and hybrid energy sources and 342 MW of WHRS.
- In its FY25 annual report, Dalmia Bharat announced that its total operational renewable energy (RE) capacity target is set to increase from 267 MW to 595 MW by the end of fiscal year 2026.
Green hydrogen integration
Supported by the National Green Hydrogen Mission, pilot projects are underway to explore green hydrogen as a substitute fuel in kilns and grinding units. While widespread commercial deployment is anticipated post-2030, early trials in calciners and low-temperature operations are creating a technological base for future zero-carbon heat applications.
Decarbonisation targets and commitments
Indian majors are aligning their climate goals with the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi).
- Ambuja and ACC are committed to Net Zero by 2050 and are the only 2 cement companies in India undergoing Net Zero target validation from the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi).
- UltraTech and Ambuja Cement aim for a 27 per cent reduction in Scope 1 CO2 emissions by 2032 and have already achieved a 12 per cent reduction.
Cement: Product and process innovations (medium-term structural change)
The second pillar ‘Cement’ centres on re-engineering materials, clinker ratios, and manufacturing processes to achieve structural emission reduction. It aims to reduce clinker intensity and embodied carbon, thereby addressing the intrinsic process emissions (around 60 per cent of total CO2 output).
Clinker substitution and SCMs
While fly ash and slag remain key SCMs, their long-term availability could decline as the power and steel sectors decarbonise. Consequently, the industry is diversifying into calcined clays, silica fume, and limestone fillers to sustain clinker replacement rates. Multi-component (ternary and quaternary) blends are being tested to maximise emission reduction potential.
Limestone calcined clay cement (LC3)
LC3 technology enables up to 50 per cent clinker replacement using locally available clays and limestone, achieving 30–40 per cent lower CO2 emissions without significant cost escalation.
- In July 2025, JK Cement and JK Lakshmi launched India’s first commercial LC3 under BIS IS 18189:2023.
- Early implementation of LC3 in infrastructure projects such as the Noida International Airport signals growing market acceptance.
Novel kiln concepts
The calcination process is a major source of process emissions. To address calcination-related emissions, innovations such as electrified calciners and Electric Arc Calciners (EAC) are being piloted.
- The collaboration between Dalmia Cement and SaltX Technology is focused on advancing the Electric Arc Calciner (EAC) pilot project in India. These pilots are heavily dependent on low-cost renewable electricity. Although at a pre-commercial stage, such technologies are vital for achieving deep decarbonisation beyond 2035.
Blended products portfolio and cement use efficiency (CUE)
The GCCA India–TERI Decarbonisation Roadmap (March 2025) projects that optimised mix designs and multi-blend cements could reduce India’s cement demand from 1,440 MT to 944 MT by 2047, a 34 per cent reduction. Efficient structural design, increased Ready-Mix Concrete (RMC) use, and multi-component blends will be critical enablers.
Recarbonation and circular concrete
Concrete naturally reabsorbs CO2 during its lifecycle, a process termed recarbonation. GCCA India estimates that recarbonation could offset up to 5.9 per cent of cumulative cement sector emissions by 2070. Recycling concrete aggregates can accelerate this process, closing material loops and promoting circularity.
Carbon: CCUS and carbon management (long-term, residual emissions)
The ‘Carbon’ pillar addresses intrinsic process emissions from clinker calcination, which cannot be fully eliminated through fuel switching, process optimisation or clinker substitution.
Carbon capture and utilisation (CCU) and testbeds
India’s approach prioritises CCU over storage (CCS) to convert captured CO2 into value-added products to offset high CAPEX, improving project economics.
India prioritises CCU over storage, converting captured CO2 into value-added products to offset high CAPEX. DST-supported public-private pilot projects validate indigenous technologies such as oxygen-enhanced calcination and solvent-based capture. Pilot-scale operations (1–2 tpd) target products including lightweight concrete blocks, precipitated calcium carbonate, and formic acid.
- In May 2025, the Department of Science and Technology (DST) launched five CCU testbeds for the cement sector under a public–private partnership (PPP) framework.
- These pilots (1–2 TPD scale) are testing oxygen-enhanced calcination and solvent-based capture technologies, with utilisation routes for precipitated calcium carbonate, lightweight blocks, and formic acid.
Policy and financial levers
The Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS), established under the Energy Conservation (Amendment) Act 2022, mandates GHG intensity reduction for large cement plants. This creates
financial incentives for low-carbon investments and CCUS adoption.
- The Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS), established under the Energy Conservation (Amendment) Act, 2022, is now being implemented. The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) released notifications in mid-2025, setting GHG Emission Intensity (GEI) targets for large entities. Cement is a compliance sector with targets for 2 per cent reduction in GEI for FY 2025-26, increasing in subsequent years.
- Cement plants are mandated to meet GHG Emission Intensity reduction targets, creating a financial incentive for CCUS adoption and low-carbon cement production. The establishment of a domestic carbon market provides the critical price signal for high-CAPEX solutions such as CCUS. This creates a direct financial mandate for CCUS and low-carbon investment.
Hub-and-cluster infrastructure
Developing shared CCU infrastructure across cement clusters or hubs can lower capital intensity per plant. High-density cement regions such as Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Gujarat and Rajasthan are under evaluation for hub-and-cluster carbon management models, in alignment with GCCA India’s recommendations.
Conclusion
Indian cement industry is entering a decisive decade of transformation. Through the 3Cs approach, the sector is not merely mirroring global practices but crafting a contextually tailored, India-specific roadmap to Net-Zero.
Near-term measures under Cut can be rapidly scaled, Cement innovations will drive material efficiency and cost competitiveness, and high-tech Carbon management will mitigate unavoidable and residual emissions. Success hinges on sustained policy continuity, financial incentives, functional carbon credit trading scheme, and close coordination among industry leaders, government agencies, and R&D institutions. The collective goal is to translate pilot projects into scalable business models that preserve competitiveness while achieving verifiable emission reductions and positioning India as a global benchmark in low-carbon cement manufacturing.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR:
Milind Khandan, Manager – Marketing, Vertex Market Research, comes with over five years of experience in market research, lead generation and team management.
SEEPEX introduces BN pumps with Smart Joint Access (SJA) to improve efficiency, reliability, and inspection speed in demanding rock blasting operations.
Designed for abrasive and chemical media, the solution supports precise dosing, reduced downtime, and enhanced operational safety.
SEEPEX has introduced BN pumps with Smart Joint Access (SJA), engineered for the reliable and precise transfer of abrasive, corrosive, and chemical media in mining and construction. Designed for rock blasting, the pump features a large inspection opening for quick joint checks, a compact footprint for mobile or skid-mounted installations, and flexible drive and material options for consistent performance and uptime.

“Operators can inspect joints quickly and rely on precise pumping of shear-sensitive and abrasive emulsions,” said Magalie Levray, Global Business Development Manager Mining at SEEPEX. “This is particularly critical in rock blasting, where every borehole counts for productivity.” Industry Context
Rock blasting is essential for extracting hard rock and shaping safe excavation profiles in mining and construction. Accurate and consistent loading of explosive emulsions ensures controlled fragmentation, protects personnel, and maximizes productivity. Even minor deviations in pumping can cause delays or reduce product quality. BN pumps with SJA support routine maintenance and pre-operation checks by allowing fast verification of joint integrity, enabling more efficient operations.
Always Inspection Ready
Smart Joint Access is designed for inspection-friendly operations. The large inspection opening in the suction housing provides direct access to both joints, enabling rapid pre-operation checks while maintaining high operational reliability. Technicians can assess joint condition quickly, supporting continuous, reliable operation.
Key Features
- Compact Footprint: Fits truck-mounted mobile units, skid-mounted systems, and factory installations.
- Flexible Drive Options: Compact hydraulic drive or electric drive configurations.
- Hydraulic Efficiency: Low-displacement design reduces oil requirements and supports low total cost of ownership.
- Equal Wall Stator Design: Ensures high-pressure performance in a compact footprint.
- Material Flexibility: Stainless steel or steel housings, chrome-plated rotors, and stators in NBR, EPDM, or FKM.
Operators benefit from shorter inspection cycles, reliable dosing, seamless integration, and fast delivery through framework agreements, helping to maintain uptime in critical rock blasting processes.
Applications – Optimized for Rock Blasting
BN pumps with SJA are designed for mining, tunneling, quarrying, civil works, dam construction, and other sectors requiring precise handling of abrasive or chemical media. They provide robust performance while enabling fast, reliable inspection and maintenance.With SJA, operators can quickly access both joints without disassembly, ensuring emulsions are transferred accurately and consistently. This reduces downtime, preserves product integrity, and supports uniform dosing across multiple bore holes.
With the Smart Joint Access inspection opening, operators can quickly access and assess the condition of both joints without disassembly, enabling immediate verification of pump readiness prior to blast hole loading. This allows operators to confirm that emulsions are transferred accurately and consistently, protecting personnel, minimizing product degradation, and maintaining uniform dosing across multiple bore holes.
The combination of equal wall stator design, compact integration, flexible drives, and progressive cavity pump technology ensures continuous, reliable operation even in space-limited, high-pressure environments.
From Inspection to Operation
A leading explosives provider implemented BN pumps with SJA in open pit and underground operations. By replacing legacy pumps, inspection cycles were significantly shortened, allowing crews to complete pre-operation checks and return mobile units to productive work faster. Direct joint access through SJA enabled immediate verification, consistent emulsion dosing, and reduced downtime caused by joint-related deviations.
“The inspection opening gives immediate confidence that each joint is secure before proceeding to bore holes,” said a site technician. “It allows us to act quickly, keeping blasting schedules on track.”
Framework agreements ensured rapid pump supply and minimal downtime, supporting multi-site operations across continents
Concrete
Digital process control is transforming grinding
Published
2 weeks agoon
February 20, 2026By
admin
Satish Maheshwari, Chief Manufacturing Officer, Shree Cement, delves into how digital intelligence is transforming cement grinding into a predictive, stable, and energy-efficient operation.
Grinding sits at the heart of cement manufacturing, accounting for the largest share of electrical energy consumption. In this interview, Satish Maheshwari, Chief Manufacturing Officer, Shree Cement, explains how advanced grinding technologies, data-driven optimisation and process intelligence are transforming mill performance, reducing power consumption and supporting the industry’s decarbonisation goals.
How has the grinding process evolved in Indian cement plants to meet rising efficiency and sustainability expectations?
Over the past decade, Indian cement plants have seen a clear evolution in grinding technology, moving from conventional open-circuit ball mills to high-efficiency closed-circuit systems, Roller Press–Ball Mill combinations and Vertical Roller Mills (VRMs). This shift has been supported by advances in separator design, improved wear-resistant materials, and the growing use of digital process automation. As a result, grinding units today operate as highly controlled manufacturing systems where real-time data, process intelligence and efficient separation work together to deliver stable and predictable performance.
From a sustainability perspective, these developments directly reduce specific power consumption, improve equipment reliability and lower the carbon footprint per tonne of cement produced.
How critical is grinding optimisation in reducing specific power consumption across ball mills and VRMs?
Grinding is the largest consumer of electrical energy in a cement plant, which makes optimisation one of the most effective levers for improving energy efficiency. In ball mill systems, optimisation through correct media selection, charge design, diaphragm configuration, ventilation management and separator tuning can typically deliver power savings of 5 per cent to 8 per cent. In VRMs, fine-tuning airflow balance, grinding pressure, nozzle ring settings, and circulating load can unlock energy reductions in the range of 8 per cent to 12 per cent. Across both systems, sustained operation under stable conditions is critical. Consistency in mill loading and operating parameters improves quality control, reduces wear, and enables long-term energy efficiency, making stability a key operational KPI.
What challenges arise in maintaining consistent cement quality when using alternative raw materials and blended compositions?
The increased use of alternative raw materials and supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) introduces variability in chemistry, moisture, hardness, and loss on ignition. This variability makes it more challenging to maintain consistent fineness, particle size distribution, throughput and downstream performance parameters such as setting time, strength development and workability.
As clinker substitution levels rise, grinding precision becomes increasingly important. Even small improvements in consistency enable higher SCM utilisation without compromising cement performance.
Addressing these challenges requires stronger feed homogenisation, real-time quality monitoring and dynamic adjustment of grinding parameters so that output quality remains stable despite changing input characteristics.
How is digital process control changing the way grinding performance is optimised?
Digital process control is transforming grinding from an operator-dependent activity into a predictive, model-driven operation. Technologies such as online particle size and residue analysers, AI-based optimisation platforms, digital twins for VRMs and Roller Press systems, and advanced process control solutions are redefining how performance is managed.
At the same time, workforce roles are evolving. Operators are increasingly focused on interpreting data trends through digital dashboards and responding proactively rather than relying on manual interventions. Together, these tools improve mill stability, enable faster response to disturbances, maintain consistent fineness, and reduce specific energy consumption while minimising manual effort.
How do you see grinding technologies supporting the industry’s low-clinker and decarbonisation goals?
Modern grinding technologies are central to the industry’s decarbonisation efforts. They enable higher incorporation of SCMs such as fly ash, slag, and limestone, improve particle fineness and reactivity, and reduce overall power consumption. Efficient grinding makes it possible to maintain consistent cement quality at lower clinker factors. Every improvement in energy intensity and particle engineering directly contributes to lower CO2 emissions.
As India moves toward low-carbon construction, precision grinding will remain a foundational capability for delivering sustainable, high-performance cement aligned with national and global climate objectives.
How much potential does grinding optimisation hold for immediate energy
and cost savings?
The potential for near-term savings is substantial. Without major capital investment, most plants can achieve 5 per cent to 15 per cent power reduction through measures such as improving separator efficiency, optimising ventilation, refining media grading, and fine-tuning operating parameters.
With continued capacity expansion across India, advanced optimisation tools will help ensure that productivity gains are not matched by proportional increases in energy demand. Given current power costs, this translates into direct and measurable financial benefits, making grinding optimisation one of the fastest-payback operational initiatives available to cement manufacturers today.
Concrete
Refractory demands in our kiln have changed
Published
2 weeks agoon
February 20, 2026By
admin
Radha Singh, Senior Manager (P&Q), Shree Digvijay Cement, points out why performance, predictability and life-cycle value now matter more than routine replacement in cement kilns.
As Indian cement plants push for higher throughput, increased alternative fuel usage and tighter shutdown cycles, refractory performance in kilns and pyro-processing systems is under growing pressure. In this interview, Radha Singh, Senior Manager (P&Q), Shree Digvijay Cement, shares how refractory demands have evolved on the ground and how smarter digital monitoring is improving kiln stability, uptime and clinker quality.
How have refractory demands changed in your kiln and pyro-processing line over the last five years?
Over the last five years, refractory demands in our kiln and pyro line have changed. Earlier, the focus was mostly on standard grades and routine shutdown-based replacement. But now, because of higher production loads, more alternative fuels and raw materials (AFR) usage and greater temperature variation, the expectation from refractory has increased.
In our own case, the current kiln refractory has already completed around 1.5 years, which itself shows how much more we now rely on materials that can handle thermal shock, alkali attack and coating fluctuations. We have moved towards more stable, high-performance linings so that we don’t have to enter the kiln frequently for repairs.
Overall, the shift has been from just ‘installation and run’ to selecting refractories that give longer life, better coating behaviour and more predictable performance under tougher operating conditions.
What are the biggest refractory challenges in the preheater, calciner and cooler zones?
• Preheater: Coating instability, chloride/sulphur cycles and brick erosion.
• Calciner: AFR firing, thermal shock and alkali infiltration.
• Cooler: Severe abrasion, red-river formation and mechanical stress on linings.
Overall, the biggest challenge is maintaining lining stability under highly variable operating conditions.
How do you evaluate and select refractory partners for long-term performance?
In real plant conditions, we don’t select a refractory partner just by looking at price. First, we see their past performance in similar kilns and whether their material has actually survived our operating conditions. We also check how strong their technical support is during shutdowns, because installation quality matters as much as the material itself.
Another key point is how quickly they respond during breakdowns or hot spots. A good partner should be available on short notice. We also look at their failure analysis capability, whether they can explain why a lining failed and suggest improvements.
On top of this, we review the life they delivered in the last few campaigns, their supply reliability and their willingness to offer plant-specific custom solutions instead of generic grades. Only a partner who supports us throughout the life cycle, which includes selection, installation, monitoring and post-failure analysis, fits our long-term requirement.
Can you share a recent example where better refractory selection improved uptime or clinker quality?
Recently, we upgraded to a high-abrasion basic brick at the kiln outlet. Earlier we had frequent chipping and coating loss. With the new lining, thermal stability improved and the coating became much more stable. As a result, our shutdown interval increased and clinker quality remained more consistent. It had a direct impact on our uptime.
How is increased AFR use affecting refractory behaviour?
Increased AFR use is definitely putting more stress on the refractory. The biggest issue we see daily is the rise in chlorine, alkalis and volatiles, which directly attack the lining, especially in the calciner and kiln inlet. AFR firing is also not as stable as conventional fuel, so we face frequent temperature fluctuations, which cause more thermal shock and small cracks in the lining.
Another real problem is coating instability. Some days the coating builds too fast, other days it suddenly drops, and both conditions impact refractory life. We also notice more dust circulation and buildup inside the calciner whenever the AFR mix changes, which again increases erosion.
Because of these practical issues, we have started relying more on alkali-resistant, low-porosity and better thermal shock–resistant materials to handle the additional stress coming from AFR.
What role does digital monitoring or thermal profiling play in your refractory strategy?
Digital tools like kiln shell scanners, IR imaging and thermal profiling help us detect weakening areas much earlier. This reduces unplanned shutdowns, helps identify hotspots accurately and allows us to replace only the critical sections. Overall, our maintenance has shifted from reactive to predictive, improving lining life significantly.
How do you balance cost, durability and installation speed during refractory shutdowns?
We focus on three points:
• Material quality that suits our thermal profile and chemistry.
• Installation speed, in fast turnarounds, we prefer monolithic.
• Life-cycle cost—the cheapest material is not the most economical. We look at durability, future downtime and total cost of ownership.
This balance ensures reliable performance without unnecessary expenditure.
What refractory or pyro-processing innovations could transform Indian cement operations?
Some promising developments include:
• High-performance, low-porosity and nano-bonded refractories
• Precast modular linings to drastically reduce shutdown time
• AI-driven kiln thermal analytics
• Advanced coating management solutions
• More AFR-compatible refractory mixes
These innovations can significantly improve kiln stability, efficiency and maintenance planning across the industry.
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