Economy & Market
The Circle of Life
Published
1 year agoon
By
admin
The circular economy offers a transformative approach for the cement industry, focusing on resource efficiency, waste minimisation, and sustainable practices. ICR finds out why integrating alternative materials, reducing carbon emissions and embracing innovative technologies, is crucial for the cement sector.
The circular economy is an innovative model aimed at minimising waste and maximising the use of resources by closing the loop of product life cycles through greater resource efficiency, recycling, and reusing. Unlike the traditional linear economy, which follows a ‘take-make-dispose’ pattern, the circular economy emphasises a restorative approach that seeks to maintain the value of products, materials and resources in the economy for as long as possible.
In the context of the cement industry, which is known for its resource-intensive processes and substantial environmental footprint, embracing circular economy principles is crucial. Cement production typically involves high energy consumption and generates significant greenhouse gas emissions. By adopting circular practices, the industry can reduce its reliance on virgin raw materials, lower waste and emissions and enhance overall sustainability.
The relevance of the circular economy in cement production is evident in several key areas:
• Resource efficiency: Utilising alternative and recycled materials, such as industrial by-products or waste, can significantly reduce the demand for raw materials and lower the environmental impact of cement production.
“Utilisation of alternative raw materials in the cement industry is a key strategy for enhancing sustainability and resource efficiency. Wonder Cement has substituted traditional raw materials like limestone with industrial by-products such as fly ash, marble slurry, chemical gypsum, red mud, mine telling reject, alumina slat, iron sludge, etc. Wonder Cement not only reduces its reliance on natural resources but also mitigates environmental impacts,” says Nitin Jain, Unit Head – Integrated Plant, Nimbahera, Wonder Cement.
“Low-carbon cement production is an innovative approach by Wonder Cement aimed to reduce the carbon footprint associated with traditional cement manufacturing. This process involves several strategies to minimise CO2 emissions, which are typically high due to the energy intensive nature of clinker production. The production of blended cement, Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) involves mixing clinker with supplementary materials like fly ash. This not only reduces CO2 emissions but also enhances the durability and performance of the cement,” he adds.
- Waste management: Implementing strategies to manage and repurpose waste products not only helps in minimising landfill use but also creates valuable resources for reuse in cement manufacturing.
- Energy optimisation: Circular economy practices promote energy-efficient technologies and the use of renewable energy sources, contributing to a reduction in carbon emissions associated with cement production.
- Product lifecycle: By focusing on the entire lifecycle of cement products, from production to disposal, the industry can develop more sustainable practices and innovative solutions for recycling and reusing cement-based materials.
Adopting a circular economy approach is not only essential for reducing the environmental impact of cement production but also for driving innovation, enhancing resource security, and fostering long-term economic resilience in the industry.
Use of Alternative and Recycled Materials
The cement industry is undergoing a transformative shift with the increasing adoption of alternative and recycled materials. This shift is driven by the
need to reduce environmental impact, conserve natural resources, and enhance the sustainability of cement production.
Alternative materials: Alternative materials, such as industrial by-products and waste materials, are increasingly being used as partial replacements for traditional raw materials like clinker.
Common examples include fly ash, slag, natural pozzolans, etc.
Recycling plays a crucial role in minimising waste and promoting a circular economy within the cement industry. Key recycled materials include:
- Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA): Reclaimed from demolished concrete structures, RCA can be used as a partial replacement for natural aggregates in new concrete, reducing the need for virgin resources.
- Construction and demolition waste: Incorporating materials from construction and demolition activities not only diverts waste from landfills but also provides valuable resources for cement production.
The use of these alternative and recycled materials helps in reducing the environmental footprint of cement production by lowering greenhouse gas emissions, conserving natural resources, and minimising waste. Furthermore, it supports the industry’s transition towards more sustainable and circular practices, contributing to the overall goal of reducing the sector’s impact on the environment.
According to an article published by McKinsey & Company in March 2023, the cement value chain is well positioned to create closed loops, or automatically regulated systems, for carbon dioxide, materials and minerals, and energy (see sidebar ‘Three categories of circular technologies in cement’). This entails circular economies, which are based on the principles of eliminating waste and pollution, circulating products and materials, and regenerating nature. With these points in mind, circularity can work jointly with reducing carbon emissions in cement production because circular technologies follow the paradigm of three crucial decarbonisation strategies: redesign, reduce and repurpose. According to the organisation’s estimates and expected carbon prices, circularity technologies will be value-positive by 2050, with some already more profitable than today’s business-as-usual solutions.
The report estimates show that an increased adoption of circular technologies could be linked to the emergence of new financial net-value pools worth up to roughly €110 billion by 2050, providing a new growth avenue for cement players that would otherwise face shrinking demand for their core business and significant external costs. Adopting circularity is required to mitigate at least 50 percent of this value at risk. Emerging new technologies and business models will create additional value to mitigate the residual value at risk.
Reducing and Managing Industrial Waste
Efficient waste management is critical for the sustainability of the cement industry. Reducing and managing industrial waste not only minimises environmental impact but also offers opportunities to turn waste into valuable resources. Here are some key strategies of waste-to-resource initiatives:
Waste minimisation at source
- Process optimisation: Implementing advanced technologies and practices to improve process efficiency can significantly reduce the amount of waste generated. Techniques such as precise control of raw material inputs and process conditions help minimise production losses.
- Cleaner production techniques: Adopting cleaner production methods, such as the use of less polluting raw materials and more efficient equipment, can reduce waste generation at the source.
Recycling and reuse
- Alternative fuels: Industrial waste, such as tire-derived fuel or biomass, can be used as alternative fuels in cement kilns. This not only helps in reducing the consumption of traditional fossil fuels but also diverts waste from landfills.
- By-product utilisation: By-products from other industries, such as fly ash or slag, can be integrated into cement production processes. These materials not only enhance the properties of the final product but also reduce the need for virgin raw materials.
Nitin Sharma, CEO and General Manager, Clariant IGL Specialty Chemicals (CISC), says, “As our climate gives us increasing and alarming signals of change, individuals and industries are looking for ways to reduce their environmental footprints, and the demand for bio-based chemicals is set to grow strongly in the coming years. In several applications, the use of petrochemicals and fossil carbon remains a significant issue. The transition to bio-based carbon chemistry represents a significant challenge for manufacturers.”
Waste-to-resource initiatives
- Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA): Demolished concrete can be crushed and recycled into aggregate for use in new concrete mixes. This reduces the demand for natural aggregates and decreases the volume of construction waste.
- Co-processing of waste: The cement industry is increasingly adopting co-processing techniques where various types of industrial and municipal waste are processed in cement kilns. This approach helps in recovering energy and material value from waste streams while simultaneously treating hazardous materials.
- Zero-waste initiatives: Some cement plants are aiming for zero-waste targets by implementing comprehensive waste management systems that ensure all waste is either recycled, reused or recovered.
Partha Dash, Managing Director, Moglix, says, “There’s also a common belief that green procurement is more expensive, which can be a significant barrier, especially when resources for sustainable products are limited. Awareness and readiness for green practices are still low. Many people don’t fully understand the importance of sustainable procurement in construction, and there’s a lack of information about the market for green materials. Without adequate training and a clear structure for green purchasing, it’s difficult for companies to fully commit to sustainability. Moreover, existing policies and regulations aren’t strong enough to drive real change, and without enforcement and incentives, the availability of green materials remains limited.”
These strategies and initiatives reflect a growing commitment to sustainability within the cement industry. By effectively managing and repurposing industrial waste, cement producers can not only reduce their environmental impact but also contribute to a more circular and resource-efficient economy.
According to the report Indian Cement Industry: A Key Player in the Circular Economy of India published July 2020, the Indian cement industry is playing a key role by enhancing the application of renewable energy for electrical power generation. The renewable energy installed capacity (wind and solar) in cement plants increased by more than 40 per cent to 276 MW from 2010 to 2017. Out of the total, 42 MW is solar power, while off-site wind installations account for 234 MW. A company has undertaken the target of switching over to renewable energy for 100 per cent of all electrical energy needs by 2030. Big players like UltraTech Cement are targeting 25 per cent share of their total power consumption by green energy technologies.
Apart from the solar photovoltaic route, the cement industry is making efforts to tap solar energy through thermal routes.
Government initiatives
The Indian government is actively promoting circular economy principles through various policies and regulations aimed at enhancing sustainability and resource efficiency. The National Clean Energy Fund (NCEF) supports innovative projects in energy efficiency and emission reduction, including those incorporating circular economy practices.
The Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) and Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016, focus on improving waste management and recycling, encouraging the use of recycled materials in construction and cement production. The Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016, emphasise recycling and the use of recycled plastic, including as alternative fuel in cement kilns. The National Resource Efficiency Policy (NREP) promotes resource efficiency across sectors, including cement, and the government’s clean technology schemes incentivise the adoption of green technologies.
Additionally, the draft National Circular Economy Policy, currently in development, aims to provide a comprehensive framework for advancing circular economy practices across all industries. These initiatives collectively support the transition towards more sustainable and circular practices in the cement sector.
Emerging trends in circular economy
The cement industry is witnessing several emerging trends in circular economy practices, reflecting a shift towards greater sustainability and resource efficiency. One notable trend is the increased use of alternative fuels and raw materials. Cement producers are exploring the use of industrial and municipal waste, such as tires, plastics, and biomass, to replace traditional fossil fuels and raw materials, reducing their carbon footprint and conserving natural resources.
Another significant trend is the advancement of circular product design and lifecycle management. Cement companies are focusing on designing products that are easier to recycle or reuse at the end of their lifecycle. This includes developing new types of cement and concrete with enhanced durability
and recyclability.
Waste-to-resource initiatives are also gaining traction. Innovations in waste processing technologies enable the conversion of waste materials into valuable resources for cement production, such as incorporating recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and by-products like fly ash and slag into new cement products.
Digitalisation and data analytics are emerging as crucial tools in advancing circular economy practices. Advanced monitoring and analytics technologies help optimise resource use, track waste streams, and improve overall efficiency in cement production.
Finally, there is a growing emphasis on collaborative partnerships. Cement companies are increasingly collaborating with governments, NGOs, and other industries to drive circular economy initiatives and develop innovative solutions for sustainable development. These trends highlight a transformative shift towards a more circular and sustainable approach in the cement industry, aligning with global efforts to reduce environmental impact and promote resource efficiency.
Conclusion
The adoption of circular economy principles in the cement industry is proving to be a pivotal step towards enhancing sustainability and reducing environmental impact. By embracing alternative and recycled materials, the industry is reducing its reliance on virgin resources and minimising waste. Government policies, such as the National Clean Energy Fund and Solid Waste Management Rules, provide crucial support for these practices, fostering a regulatory environment conducive to circular economy initiatives. Emerging trends, including the use of alternative fuels, circular product design, waste-to-resource innovations, and advanced digital technologies, underscore the industry’s commitment to resource efficiency and sustainability. Collaborative efforts across sectors further drive these advancements, paving the way for a more resilient and environmentally responsible cement industry. As the sector continues to integrate circular economy principles, it not only aligns with global sustainability goals but also sets a benchmark for other industries striving for a circular future.
– Kanika Mathur
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Digital process control is transforming grinding
Published
3 weeks agoon
February 20, 2026By
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Satish Maheshwari, Chief Manufacturing Officer, Shree Cement, delves into how digital intelligence is transforming cement grinding into a predictive, stable, and energy-efficient operation.
Grinding sits at the heart of cement manufacturing, accounting for the largest share of electrical energy consumption. In this interview, Satish Maheshwari, Chief Manufacturing Officer, Shree Cement, explains how advanced grinding technologies, data-driven optimisation and process intelligence are transforming mill performance, reducing power consumption and supporting the industry’s decarbonisation goals.
How has the grinding process evolved in Indian cement plants to meet rising efficiency and sustainability expectations?
Over the past decade, Indian cement plants have seen a clear evolution in grinding technology, moving from conventional open-circuit ball mills to high-efficiency closed-circuit systems, Roller Press–Ball Mill combinations and Vertical Roller Mills (VRMs). This shift has been supported by advances in separator design, improved wear-resistant materials, and the growing use of digital process automation. As a result, grinding units today operate as highly controlled manufacturing systems where real-time data, process intelligence and efficient separation work together to deliver stable and predictable performance.
From a sustainability perspective, these developments directly reduce specific power consumption, improve equipment reliability and lower the carbon footprint per tonne of cement produced.
How critical is grinding optimisation in reducing specific power consumption across ball mills and VRMs?
Grinding is the largest consumer of electrical energy in a cement plant, which makes optimisation one of the most effective levers for improving energy efficiency. In ball mill systems, optimisation through correct media selection, charge design, diaphragm configuration, ventilation management and separator tuning can typically deliver power savings of 5 per cent to 8 per cent. In VRMs, fine-tuning airflow balance, grinding pressure, nozzle ring settings, and circulating load can unlock energy reductions in the range of 8 per cent to 12 per cent. Across both systems, sustained operation under stable conditions is critical. Consistency in mill loading and operating parameters improves quality control, reduces wear, and enables long-term energy efficiency, making stability a key operational KPI.
What challenges arise in maintaining consistent cement quality when using alternative raw materials and blended compositions?
The increased use of alternative raw materials and supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) introduces variability in chemistry, moisture, hardness, and loss on ignition. This variability makes it more challenging to maintain consistent fineness, particle size distribution, throughput and downstream performance parameters such as setting time, strength development and workability.
As clinker substitution levels rise, grinding precision becomes increasingly important. Even small improvements in consistency enable higher SCM utilisation without compromising cement performance.
Addressing these challenges requires stronger feed homogenisation, real-time quality monitoring and dynamic adjustment of grinding parameters so that output quality remains stable despite changing input characteristics.
How is digital process control changing the way grinding performance is optimised?
Digital process control is transforming grinding from an operator-dependent activity into a predictive, model-driven operation. Technologies such as online particle size and residue analysers, AI-based optimisation platforms, digital twins for VRMs and Roller Press systems, and advanced process control solutions are redefining how performance is managed.
At the same time, workforce roles are evolving. Operators are increasingly focused on interpreting data trends through digital dashboards and responding proactively rather than relying on manual interventions. Together, these tools improve mill stability, enable faster response to disturbances, maintain consistent fineness, and reduce specific energy consumption while minimising manual effort.
How do you see grinding technologies supporting the industry’s low-clinker and decarbonisation goals?
Modern grinding technologies are central to the industry’s decarbonisation efforts. They enable higher incorporation of SCMs such as fly ash, slag, and limestone, improve particle fineness and reactivity, and reduce overall power consumption. Efficient grinding makes it possible to maintain consistent cement quality at lower clinker factors. Every improvement in energy intensity and particle engineering directly contributes to lower CO2 emissions.
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How much potential does grinding optimisation hold for immediate energy
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Concrete
Refractory demands in our kiln have changed
Published
3 weeks agoon
February 20, 2026By
admin
Radha Singh, Senior Manager (P&Q), Shree Digvijay Cement, points out why performance, predictability and life-cycle value now matter more than routine replacement in cement kilns.
As Indian cement plants push for higher throughput, increased alternative fuel usage and tighter shutdown cycles, refractory performance in kilns and pyro-processing systems is under growing pressure. In this interview, Radha Singh, Senior Manager (P&Q), Shree Digvijay Cement, shares how refractory demands have evolved on the ground and how smarter digital monitoring is improving kiln stability, uptime and clinker quality.
How have refractory demands changed in your kiln and pyro-processing line over the last five years?
Over the last five years, refractory demands in our kiln and pyro line have changed. Earlier, the focus was mostly on standard grades and routine shutdown-based replacement. But now, because of higher production loads, more alternative fuels and raw materials (AFR) usage and greater temperature variation, the expectation from refractory has increased.
In our own case, the current kiln refractory has already completed around 1.5 years, which itself shows how much more we now rely on materials that can handle thermal shock, alkali attack and coating fluctuations. We have moved towards more stable, high-performance linings so that we don’t have to enter the kiln frequently for repairs.
Overall, the shift has been from just ‘installation and run’ to selecting refractories that give longer life, better coating behaviour and more predictable performance under tougher operating conditions.
What are the biggest refractory challenges in the preheater, calciner and cooler zones?
• Preheater: Coating instability, chloride/sulphur cycles and brick erosion.
• Calciner: AFR firing, thermal shock and alkali infiltration.
• Cooler: Severe abrasion, red-river formation and mechanical stress on linings.
Overall, the biggest challenge is maintaining lining stability under highly variable operating conditions.
How do you evaluate and select refractory partners for long-term performance?
In real plant conditions, we don’t select a refractory partner just by looking at price. First, we see their past performance in similar kilns and whether their material has actually survived our operating conditions. We also check how strong their technical support is during shutdowns, because installation quality matters as much as the material itself.
Another key point is how quickly they respond during breakdowns or hot spots. A good partner should be available on short notice. We also look at their failure analysis capability, whether they can explain why a lining failed and suggest improvements.
On top of this, we review the life they delivered in the last few campaigns, their supply reliability and their willingness to offer plant-specific custom solutions instead of generic grades. Only a partner who supports us throughout the life cycle, which includes selection, installation, monitoring and post-failure analysis, fits our long-term requirement.
Can you share a recent example where better refractory selection improved uptime or clinker quality?
Recently, we upgraded to a high-abrasion basic brick at the kiln outlet. Earlier we had frequent chipping and coating loss. With the new lining, thermal stability improved and the coating became much more stable. As a result, our shutdown interval increased and clinker quality remained more consistent. It had a direct impact on our uptime.
How is increased AFR use affecting refractory behaviour?
Increased AFR use is definitely putting more stress on the refractory. The biggest issue we see daily is the rise in chlorine, alkalis and volatiles, which directly attack the lining, especially in the calciner and kiln inlet. AFR firing is also not as stable as conventional fuel, so we face frequent temperature fluctuations, which cause more thermal shock and small cracks in the lining.
Another real problem is coating instability. Some days the coating builds too fast, other days it suddenly drops, and both conditions impact refractory life. We also notice more dust circulation and buildup inside the calciner whenever the AFR mix changes, which again increases erosion.
Because of these practical issues, we have started relying more on alkali-resistant, low-porosity and better thermal shock–resistant materials to handle the additional stress coming from AFR.
What role does digital monitoring or thermal profiling play in your refractory strategy?
Digital tools like kiln shell scanners, IR imaging and thermal profiling help us detect weakening areas much earlier. This reduces unplanned shutdowns, helps identify hotspots accurately and allows us to replace only the critical sections. Overall, our maintenance has shifted from reactive to predictive, improving lining life significantly.
How do you balance cost, durability and installation speed during refractory shutdowns?
We focus on three points:
• Material quality that suits our thermal profile and chemistry.
• Installation speed, in fast turnarounds, we prefer monolithic.
• Life-cycle cost—the cheapest material is not the most economical. We look at durability, future downtime and total cost of ownership.
This balance ensures reliable performance without unnecessary expenditure.
What refractory or pyro-processing innovations could transform Indian cement operations?
Some promising developments include:
• High-performance, low-porosity and nano-bonded refractories
• Precast modular linings to drastically reduce shutdown time
• AI-driven kiln thermal analytics
• Advanced coating management solutions
• More AFR-compatible refractory mixes
These innovations can significantly improve kiln stability, efficiency and maintenance planning across the industry.
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