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The Circle of Life

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The circular economy offers a transformative approach for the cement industry, focusing on resource efficiency, waste minimisation, and sustainable practices. ICR finds out why integrating alternative materials, reducing carbon emissions and embracing innovative technologies, is crucial for the cement sector.

The circular economy is an innovative model aimed at minimising waste and maximising the use of resources by closing the loop of product life cycles through greater resource efficiency, recycling, and reusing. Unlike the traditional linear economy, which follows a ‘take-make-dispose’ pattern, the circular economy emphasises a restorative approach that seeks to maintain the value of products, materials and resources in the economy for as long as possible.
In the context of the cement industry, which is known for its resource-intensive processes and substantial environmental footprint, embracing circular economy principles is crucial. Cement production typically involves high energy consumption and generates significant greenhouse gas emissions. By adopting circular practices, the industry can reduce its reliance on virgin raw materials, lower waste and emissions and enhance overall sustainability.
The relevance of the circular economy in cement production is evident in several key areas:
• Resource efficiency: Utilising alternative and recycled materials, such as industrial by-products or waste, can significantly reduce the demand for raw materials and lower the environmental impact of cement production.
“Utilisation of alternative raw materials in the cement industry is a key strategy for enhancing sustainability and resource efficiency. Wonder Cement has substituted traditional raw materials like limestone with industrial by-products such as fly ash, marble slurry, chemical gypsum, red mud, mine telling reject, alumina slat, iron sludge, etc. Wonder Cement not only reduces its reliance on natural resources but also mitigates environmental impacts,” says Nitin Jain, Unit Head – Integrated Plant, Nimbahera, Wonder Cement.
“Low-carbon cement production is an innovative approach by Wonder Cement aimed to reduce the carbon footprint associated with traditional cement manufacturing. This process involves several strategies to minimise CO2 emissions, which are typically high due to the energy intensive nature of clinker production. The production of blended cement, Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) involves mixing clinker with supplementary materials like fly ash. This not only reduces CO2 emissions but also enhances the durability and performance of the cement,” he adds.

  • Waste management: Implementing strategies to manage and repurpose waste products not only helps in minimising landfill use but also creates valuable resources for reuse in cement manufacturing.
  • Energy optimisation: Circular economy practices promote energy-efficient technologies and the use of renewable energy sources, contributing to a reduction in carbon emissions associated with cement production.
  • Product lifecycle: By focusing on the entire lifecycle of cement products, from production to disposal, the industry can develop more sustainable practices and innovative solutions for recycling and reusing cement-based materials.

Adopting a circular economy approach is not only essential for reducing the environmental impact of cement production but also for driving innovation, enhancing resource security, and fostering long-term economic resilience in the industry.

Use of Alternative and Recycled Materials
The cement industry is undergoing a transformative shift with the increasing adoption of alternative and recycled materials. This shift is driven by the
need to reduce environmental impact, conserve natural resources, and enhance the sustainability of cement production.
Alternative materials: Alternative materials, such as industrial by-products and waste materials, are increasingly being used as partial replacements for traditional raw materials like clinker.

Common examples include fly ash, slag, natural pozzolans, etc.
Recycling plays a crucial role in minimising waste and promoting a circular economy within the cement industry. Key recycled materials include:

  • Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA): Reclaimed from demolished concrete structures, RCA can be used as a partial replacement for natural aggregates in new concrete, reducing the need for virgin resources.
  • Construction and demolition waste: Incorporating materials from construction and demolition activities not only diverts waste from landfills but also provides valuable resources for cement production.

The use of these alternative and recycled materials helps in reducing the environmental footprint of cement production by lowering greenhouse gas emissions, conserving natural resources, and minimising waste. Furthermore, it supports the industry’s transition towards more sustainable and circular practices, contributing to the overall goal of reducing the sector’s impact on the environment.
According to an article published by McKinsey & Company in March 2023, the cement value chain is well positioned to create closed loops, or automatically regulated systems, for carbon dioxide, materials and minerals, and energy (see sidebar ‘Three categories of circular technologies in cement’). This entails circular economies, which are based on the principles of eliminating waste and pollution, circulating products and materials, and regenerating nature. With these points in mind, circularity can work jointly with reducing carbon emissions in cement production because circular technologies follow the paradigm of three crucial decarbonisation strategies: redesign, reduce and repurpose. According to the organisation’s estimates and expected carbon prices, circularity technologies will be value-positive by 2050, with some already more profitable than today’s business-as-usual solutions.
The report estimates show that an increased adoption of circular technologies could be linked to the emergence of new financial net-value pools worth up to roughly €110 billion by 2050, providing a new growth avenue for cement players that would otherwise face shrinking demand for their core business and significant external costs. Adopting circularity is required to mitigate at least 50 percent of this value at risk. Emerging new technologies and business models will create additional value to mitigate the residual value at risk.

Reducing and Managing Industrial Waste
Efficient waste management is critical for the sustainability of the cement industry. Reducing and managing industrial waste not only minimises environmental impact but also offers opportunities to turn waste into valuable resources. Here are some key strategies of waste-to-resource initiatives:

Waste minimisation at source

  • Process optimisation: Implementing advanced technologies and practices to improve process efficiency can significantly reduce the amount of waste generated. Techniques such as precise control of raw material inputs and process conditions help minimise production losses.
  • Cleaner production techniques: Adopting cleaner production methods, such as the use of less polluting raw materials and more efficient equipment, can reduce waste generation at the source.

Recycling and reuse

  • Alternative fuels: Industrial waste, such as tire-derived fuel or biomass, can be used as alternative fuels in cement kilns. This not only helps in reducing the consumption of traditional fossil fuels but also diverts waste from landfills.
  • By-product utilisation: By-products from other industries, such as fly ash or slag, can be integrated into cement production processes. These materials not only enhance the properties of the final product but also reduce the need for virgin raw materials.

Nitin Sharma, CEO and General Manager, Clariant IGL Specialty Chemicals (CISC), says, “As our climate gives us increasing and alarming signals of change, individuals and industries are looking for ways to reduce their environmental footprints, and the demand for bio-based chemicals is set to grow strongly in the coming years. In several applications, the use of petrochemicals and fossil carbon remains a significant issue. The transition to bio-based carbon chemistry represents a significant challenge for manufacturers.”

Waste-to-resource initiatives

  • Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA): Demolished concrete can be crushed and recycled into aggregate for use in new concrete mixes. This reduces the demand for natural aggregates and decreases the volume of construction waste.
  • Co-processing of waste: The cement industry is increasingly adopting co-processing techniques where various types of industrial and municipal waste are processed in cement kilns. This approach helps in recovering energy and material value from waste streams while simultaneously treating hazardous materials.
  • Zero-waste initiatives: Some cement plants are aiming for zero-waste targets by implementing comprehensive waste management systems that ensure all waste is either recycled, reused or recovered.

Partha Dash, Managing Director, Moglix, says, “There’s also a common belief that green procurement is more expensive, which can be a significant barrier, especially when resources for sustainable products are limited. Awareness and readiness for green practices are still low. Many people don’t fully understand the importance of sustainable procurement in construction, and there’s a lack of information about the market for green materials. Without adequate training and a clear structure for green purchasing, it’s difficult for companies to fully commit to sustainability. Moreover, existing policies and regulations aren’t strong enough to drive real change, and without enforcement and incentives, the availability of green materials remains limited.”
These strategies and initiatives reflect a growing commitment to sustainability within the cement industry. By effectively managing and repurposing industrial waste, cement producers can not only reduce their environmental impact but also contribute to a more circular and resource-efficient economy.
According to the report Indian Cement Industry: A Key Player in the Circular Economy of India published July 2020, the Indian cement industry is playing a key role by enhancing the application of renewable energy for electrical power generation. The renewable energy installed capacity (wind and solar) in cement plants increased by more than 40 per cent to 276 MW from 2010 to 2017. Out of the total, 42 MW is solar power, while off-site wind installations account for 234 MW. A company has undertaken the target of switching over to renewable energy for 100 per cent of all electrical energy needs by 2030. Big players like UltraTech Cement are targeting 25 per cent share of their total power consumption by green energy technologies.
Apart from the solar photovoltaic route, the cement industry is making efforts to tap solar energy through thermal routes.

Government initiatives
The Indian government is actively promoting circular economy principles through various policies and regulations aimed at enhancing sustainability and resource efficiency. The National Clean Energy Fund (NCEF) supports innovative projects in energy efficiency and emission reduction, including those incorporating circular economy practices.
The Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) and Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016, focus on improving waste management and recycling, encouraging the use of recycled materials in construction and cement production. The Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016, emphasise recycling and the use of recycled plastic, including as alternative fuel in cement kilns. The National Resource Efficiency Policy (NREP) promotes resource efficiency across sectors, including cement, and the government’s clean technology schemes incentivise the adoption of green technologies.
Additionally, the draft National Circular Economy Policy, currently in development, aims to provide a comprehensive framework for advancing circular economy practices across all industries. These initiatives collectively support the transition towards more sustainable and circular practices in the cement sector.

Emerging trends in circular economy
The cement industry is witnessing several emerging trends in circular economy practices, reflecting a shift towards greater sustainability and resource efficiency. One notable trend is the increased use of alternative fuels and raw materials. Cement producers are exploring the use of industrial and municipal waste, such as tires, plastics, and biomass, to replace traditional fossil fuels and raw materials, reducing their carbon footprint and conserving natural resources.
Another significant trend is the advancement of circular product design and lifecycle management. Cement companies are focusing on designing products that are easier to recycle or reuse at the end of their lifecycle. This includes developing new types of cement and concrete with enhanced durability
and recyclability.
Waste-to-resource initiatives are also gaining traction. Innovations in waste processing technologies enable the conversion of waste materials into valuable resources for cement production, such as incorporating recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and by-products like fly ash and slag into new cement products.
Digitalisation and data analytics are emerging as crucial tools in advancing circular economy practices. Advanced monitoring and analytics technologies help optimise resource use, track waste streams, and improve overall efficiency in cement production.
Finally, there is a growing emphasis on collaborative partnerships. Cement companies are increasingly collaborating with governments, NGOs, and other industries to drive circular economy initiatives and develop innovative solutions for sustainable development. These trends highlight a transformative shift towards a more circular and sustainable approach in the cement industry, aligning with global efforts to reduce environmental impact and promote resource efficiency.

Conclusion
The adoption of circular economy principles in the cement industry is proving to be a pivotal step towards enhancing sustainability and reducing environmental impact. By embracing alternative and recycled materials, the industry is reducing its reliance on virgin resources and minimising waste. Government policies, such as the National Clean Energy Fund and Solid Waste Management Rules, provide crucial support for these practices, fostering a regulatory environment conducive to circular economy initiatives. Emerging trends, including the use of alternative fuels, circular product design, waste-to-resource innovations, and advanced digital technologies, underscore the industry’s commitment to resource efficiency and sustainability. Collaborative efforts across sectors further drive these advancements, paving the way for a more resilient and environmentally responsible cement industry. As the sector continues to integrate circular economy principles, it not only aligns with global sustainability goals but also sets a benchmark for other industries striving for a circular future.

– Kanika Mathur

Concrete

Driving Sustainability Through Innovation

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The 15th Cement Expo 2025 will spotlight India’s cement industry’s growth, innovation, and sustainability, showcasing cutting-edge solutions for a greener future.

The cement industry in India, the second-largest in the world, is on the cusp of remarkable growth as it continues its transition toward sustainability, innovation, and expansion. The 15th Cement Expo 2025, scheduled for November 12-13, 2025, at the Yashobhoomi Convention Centre in Delhi, will be the premier event where the industry’s foremost stakeholders converge to explore state-of-the-art technologies and solutions.
Co-located with the 11th Indian Cement Review Conference and the 9th Indian Cement Review Awards, the expo promises to be a pivotal event for professionals in the cement, construction, and infrastructure sectors. This year’s theme, “Driving Sustainability Through Technology,” highlights the sector’s commitment to decarbonisation, efficiency, and technological advancement. With India poised to add 80 to 100 million tonnes of cement capacity by 2024-25, the event will address the urgent need for sustainable, low-carbon solutions to meet the growing demand.
Before we look ahead to the 15th Cement Expo, let’s reflect on the remarkable success of the Cement Expo Forum 2025, held on March 5-6, 2025, in Hyderabad. The event attracted over 500 industry professionals and featured groundbreaking discussions on sustainability, logistics, and decarbonisation. Key sponsors and partners, such as ABB, Gebr Pfeiffer, JK Cement, and Flender Drives, showcased their latest innovations, contributing to the forum’s success.
Pratap Padode, Founder and President of First Construction Council, spoke at the event, noting, “The PPP pipeline is complemented by a provision of Rs 1.5 trillion in interest-free loans to states, earmarked for capital expenditure. With this, we have a solid plan in place. What needs to be done is to ensure that the PPP actually takes off as envisaged. To make this happen, trust must be established, and policies must be investor-friendly. Telangana, in this regard, has demonstrated ease of doing business exceptionally well.”
He added, “These financial injections into the infrastructure sector are expected to create a ripple effect, driving demand for cement as a key material in construction and development projects. The growing demand for cement is evident as infrastructure projects continue to rise across the country.”
The forum also provided invaluable networking opportunities, with attendees gaining insights from over 35 distinguished speakers and connecting with more than 50 exhibitors. The event laid a strong foundation for the upcoming Expo, showcasing the significant strides the cement industry is making toward a greener, more efficient future.
The 15th Cement Expo 2025 will focus on advancing the industry’s next big step toward sustainable growth. With India’s cement sector making significant progress in decarbonisation, a key focus will be on technologies and innovations that support carbon capture, low-carbon cement production, and energy-efficient solutions.
The expo will feature over 50 exhibitors representing all aspects of the cement industry. Whether you are a manufacturer, raw material supplier, technology provider, or logistics partner, the Cement Expo 2025 offers an ideal platform to showcase your products and solutions. Attendees will have the opportunity to explore the latest advancements in cement production technology, automation, logistics, and environmental solutions, all geared toward building a greener and more sustainable future.
Exhibitor profiles will include cement manufacturers, raw material suppliers, technology and automation solutions providers, environmental and sustainability solutions providers, cement packaging and logistics, construction equipment manufacturers, admixtures and chemical suppliers, and concrete reinforcement and structural systems.

11th Indian Cement Review Conference

Held alongside the Expo, the 11th Indian Cement Review Conference will offer delegates invaluable insights into the latest trends and innovations shaping the cement industry. Focusing on sustainability, the conference will address critical issues such as energy efficiency, plant design, and emerging technologies like carbon capture and automation.
Industry leaders will share their expertise in technical forums, while specialised activities, such as plant tours and energy audits, will provide practical guidance on improving operations and efficiency. This is a prime opportunity to network with industry stakeholders, gain hands-on experience with new technologies, and acquire actionable knowledge to enhance your business.

9th Indian Cement Review Awards

The 9th Indian Cement Review Awards will recognise the fastest-growing cement companies and industry leaders for their outstanding contributions to the sector. This prestigious event will serve as a platform to honour the pioneers of innovation, sustainability, and performance within the cement industry, highlighting the sector’s commitment to growth and environmental responsibility.
As we look forward to the 15th Cement Expo 2025, we invite you to join us for two exciting days of networking, learning, and innovation. This event offers a unique opportunity to be part of the next wave of growth and sustainability in the global cement sector.

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Transforming Interior Spaces: Trendy Wall Putty Designs to Enhance Your Home

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When it comes to interior design, walls are more than just structural elements—they serve as the canvas for self-expression, setting the mood and personality of a space. While paint and wallpaper have long been the go-to choices for wall finishes, wall putty is emerging as a game-changer in home décor. With its smooth finish, durability, and versatility, wall putty opens a world of creative possibilities. In this article, we explore trendy wall putty designs that can elevate your interiors, turning ordinary walls into extraordinary design statements.
Wall Putty is a Must-Have in Modern Homes
Wall putty is no longer just a preparatory material for painting; it plays a significant role in modern home aesthetics. It enhances the finish of walls, making them smoother, stronger, and resistant to cracks and moisture. Additionally, high-quality putty like Birla White Wall Putty ensures better paint adhesion, resulting in long-lasting vibrancy.
Beyond its functional benefits, wall putty allows homeowners to experiment with textures and patterns, giving walls a designer touch without the hassle of high-maintenance materials like stone or wood. Whether you’re aiming for a minimalist, rustic, or ultra-modern aesthetic, wall putty designs can help achieve the look effortlessly.
Trendy Wall Putty Designs for Stunning Interiors
1. Textured Wall Putty for a Tactile Appeal
Textured walls are a popular interior trend, adding depth and dimension to living spaces. By using wall putty, homeowners can create a variety of textures, including:
  • Rustic Texture: Mimicking natural stone or aged plaster for an earthy, vintage feel.
  • Wave Patterns: Adding a sense of movement and fluidity to walls, perfect for living rooms and entryways.
  • Sand Finish: A subtle grainy effect that provides a sophisticated touch.
Textured putty walls work exceptionally well in accent areas, such as behind a television unit or as a backdrop for artwork.
2. Sleek and Smooth Walls for a Luxurious Look
For those who prefer a refined and elegant aesthetic, a smooth putty finish is ideal. A flawlessly smooth wall creates a premium appearance, amplifying the impact of high-quality paints. Opting for a high-performance putty like Birla White WallCare Putty ensures a glass-like finish that complements modern and contemporary interiors.
This design is perfect for:
  • Monochrome interiors where walls serve as a sleek backdrop.
  • High-gloss or matte-painted walls that need a seamless base.
  • Spaces with minimal décor where the walls themselves make a statement.
3. Geometric & Abstract Patterns for a Contemporary Edge
Wall putty can be artistically applied to create striking geometric or abstract patterns, adding a unique character to interiors.
Popular designs include:
  • Chevron or Herringbone: A dynamic, sophisticated look that pairs well with both modern and mid-century décor.
  • 3D Raised Panels: Using putty to craft subtle raised patterns, adding a sculptural effect to the wall.
  • Asymmetrical Shapes: For a bold and avant-garde touch.
  • These patterns work best in bedrooms, study areas, or accent walls in open spaces.
4. Venetian Plaster for a Luxe European Aesthetic
Venetian plaster, an age-old technique, is making a grand comeback in modern interiors. With wall putty, you can achieve this exquisite marble-like effect, which exudes luxury and timeless charm.
This design works well for:
  • Statement walls in living rooms and foyers.
  • Elegant dining areas where a touch of opulence is desired.
  • Boutique-style bedrooms with a rich, textured finish.
A high-quality white cement-based putty can replicate this effect beautifully, making the walls look naturally luminous.
5. Dual-Tone or Ombre Walls for a Soft Gradient Effect
The ombre effect, a gradient transition between two colors, is a trendy and artistic way to enhance interiors. When applied over a smooth wall putty base, the gradient blends seamlessly, offering a dreamy, watercolor-like appeal.
This style is perfect for:
  • Children’s rooms or play areas, creating a fun and dynamic atmosphere.
  • Bedrooms with a soothing pastel gradient for a calming effect.
  • Dining spaces where a bold color fade adds character.
6. Metallic & Glossy Finishes for a Chic Look
For homeowners who love glamour and sophistication, combining wall putty with metallic paints or glossy finishes can create a high-end appeal. The smooth base of putty enhances the reflective qualities of metallic shades like gold, silver, or bronze, resulting in an opulent and dramatic effect.
Best suited for:
  • Luxurious master bedrooms and dressing areas.
  • Accent walls in dining rooms or home bars.
  • Commercial spaces like boutiques and salons.
How to Achieve the Best Wall Putty Designs
  • Choose the Right Putty: Opt for a premium wall putty like Birla White WallCare Putty to ensure durability, a smooth finish, and long-lasting appeal.
  • Prepare the Surface: Ensure the walls are clean, dry, and free from loose particles before application.
  • Apply in Layers: Depending on the design, putty can be applied in single or multiple layers for the desired effect.
  • Use the Right Tools: Trowels, spatulas, sponges, or patterned rollers help create specific textures and patterns.
  • Seal with Paint or Polish: Once the putty is dry, finishing it with paint, polish, or protective coatings enhances its aesthetic and durability.
Conclusion
Wall putty has evolved beyond its traditional role, now serving as a medium for creative interior design. Whether you prefer textured finishes, sleek smooth walls, or artistic patterns, wall putty designs can elevate your home’s aesthetics while offering durability and elegance. By selecting the  best putty for wall and application technique, you can transform your interior walls into stunning masterpieces, setting the perfect backdrop for your lifestyle.
For high-quality wall finishes that stand the test of time, Birla White WallCare Putty ensures both beauty and performance, making your dream interiors a reality.

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Dalmia Bharat to add 6 MnTPA Cement Capacity in Maharashtra and Karnataka

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  • Investment in alignment with the strategic goal of becoming a PAN India company and achieving 75 MnT capacity by FY28
  • Increases capacity primarily to meet growing demand in Western India along with existing regions

Dalmia Bharat Limited, one of India’s leading cement companies, through its subsidiaries, has announced a strategic investment of approximately Rs 3,520 Crore in the states of Maharashtra and Karnataka. As part of this initiative, the company will establish a 3.6 MnTPA clinker unit and a 3 MnTPA grinding unit at its existing Belgaum plant, Karnataka coupled with a new greenfield split grinding unit with a capacity of 3 MnTPA in Pune, Maharashtra. The capex will be funded through a combination of debt and internal accruals. With this expansion, Dalmia Bharat’s total installed cement capacity will increase to 55.5 MnTPA, after considering the ongoing expansion of 2.9 MnT at Assam and Bihar. These new units are expected to be commissioned by Q4 FY27.

The Belgaum Grinding Unit will cater to the underserved Southern Maharashtra markets while enhancing share in the existing region by improving penetration. On the other hand, Pune Grinding Unit will entirely cater to the untapped Western Maharashtra markets. The initiative is a part of the company’s vision to be a PAN India player and achieve 75 MnTPA capacity by FY28 and 110-130 MnT by 2031.

Speaking on the development, Mr. Puneet Dalmia, Managing Director & CEO, Dalmia Bharat Limited, said, “This investment is a significant step in our Phase II expansion strategy, bringing us closer to strengthen our position as a pan-India player and to reach intermittent goal of 75 MnT capacity by FY28. The increase in our production capacity is primarily to meet the growing infrastructure demand in Western India.” He further added, “We remain committed in realising our goals of capacity expansion, while staying focused on operational excellence and creating long-term value for our stakeholders. The capacity additions will also continue to be in line with Dalmia Bharat’s sustainability-driven approach and its commitment to supporting India’s infrastructure and development goals.”

About Dalmia Bharat: Founded in 1939, Dalmia Bharat Limited (DBL) (BSE/NSE Symbol: DALBHARAT) is one of India’s pioneering cement companies headquartered in New Delhi. With a growing capacity, currently pegged at 46.6 MnT, Dalmia Bharat Limited (including its subsidiaries) is the fourth-largest cement manufacturing company in India by installed capacity. Spread across 10 states and 15 manufacturing units.  Dalmia Cement (Bharat) Limited, a subsidiary of Dalmia Bharat Limited, prides itself at having one of the lowest carbon footprint in the cement world globally. It is the first cement company to commit to RE100, EP100 and EV100 (first triple joiner) – showing real business leadership in the clean energy transition by taking a joined-up approach.

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