Concrete

Scarcity of Domestic Gypsum Supply

Published

3 years ago

July 17, 2023

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The Indian cement manufacturers are likely to face serious challenges regarding gypsum availability and cost in the near future. Ramachandran, Chief Executive Officer, Zawawi Minerals LLC, Sultanate of Oman, discusses how identifying and ensuring a consistent supply of gypsum will become an on-going challenge.

The Indian cement demand is set for its third straight year of growth with a 7 per cent to 9 per cent jump to over 400 million tonnes in fiscal 2024. Cement demand in India is expected to continue growing for the next few years, backed by the government’s push for infrastructure development and increasing demand in the housing sectors. However, India has a scarcity of domestic gypsum supplies, which does not bode well for the fast-growing cement industry. An essential, non-substitutable critical raw material, gypsum is required for all varieties of cement production.
Since 2009, the gypsum supply deficit in the Indian domestic market has led to increased dependence on largely imports of natural gypsum predominantly from the Sultanate of Oman, and other countries like Iran, Thailand, small volume from Pakistan and Bhutan by road to the northern part of India. This dependency shall continue in coming years and is growing day by day.
FY 2009 to 2023, India imported 57.09 million tonnes of gypsum cumulatively, witnessed at a CAGR of 16.60 per cent. The gypsum import volume represents nearly 35 per cent of the total gypsum consumed by the cement industry. The Sultanate of Oman alone supplied 28 million tons (49.05 per cent) and the remaining 29.09 million tonnes were from Thailand, Iran, Pakistan and Bhutan etc. FY 2022 to 2023 – India imported 5.76 million tons of gypsum, which represents 35 per cent of the total gypsum consumption. The Sultanate of Oman supplied 5.20 million tons (90.39 per cent) and the remaining 0.56 million tonnes are from Thailand, Iran and Bhutan.
According to the production growth of cement and gypsum board, the industry’s demand for gypsum is expected to reach nearly 380 million tons cumulatively by FY 2037-2038 with a CAGR of 5.15 per cent. The maximum local gypsum supplies could be around 200 million tons, which includes FGD gypsum, Phospho-gypsum, Natural gypsum etc. The limited availability of domestic gypsum will lead to supply constraints and increased dependence on imports, cumulatively needing to import nearly 180 million tonnes of gypsum to meet the domestic demands.
Natural Gypsum: India’s local natural gypsum production and supplies are limited due to deep seated gypsum reserves not feasible for mining.
Phospho-gypsum: Phospho-gypsum production in India is limited, the majority of the existing Phosphop-gypsum stockpile may be consumed for on-going road construction, as reported by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. Recently, the Central Road Research Institute (CRRI) carried out an R&D project to explore the feasibility of Phospho-gypsum for road embankment and subgrade construction. The performance of Phospho-gypsum was as good as conventional sand embankment. It was concluded that 100 per cent of Phospho-gypsum can be used for both embankment and subgrade construction.
An Indian fertiliser company has constructed a road using phosphor-gypsum, which was evaluated by the CRRI. Based on their report, the Indian Road Congress (IRC) has been accredited for using phosphor-gypsum waste material for the road constructions.
FGD (Flue Gas Desulphurisation) gypsum: The production growth of FGD gypsum uncertainty shall continue due to huge investments of over US$ 13 billion for installing FGD units by the heavy debt-burden coal power companies. India had initially set a 2017 deadline for 2,11,520 MW thermal power plants to install FGD units to cut Sulphur emissions. That was later changed to varying deadlines for different regions, ending in 2022, and further extended to a period up to 31st December 2026. According to the latest guidelines, the power plant which have plans to retire before 31st December 2027 will now be exempted from installing FGD units and if the non-retiring power plants fail to adhere to the new deadlines, they will have to pay ‘environmental compensation’ ranging from 20 paise to 40 paise per unit electricity generated.
According to the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) the FGD unit implementation status as of May 2023 – only 9,280 MW (4.40 per cent) capacity already installed and only 1,00,430 MW have been awarded bids for installing FGD units.
On the other hand, considering the huge capital investments, limestone costs for the FGD process and other operating costs, the FGD gypsum will not be available at a cheaper price for the Indian consumers – only the limestone cost itself for the production of per tonne FGD gypsum will be US$ 18 or above.

Gypsum Export Supply Outlook
Supply from Thailand: Asia’s past dominant gypsum exporter began to cap their exports with the goal of conserving resources for their own significant domestic industries. The government authority regulated the minimum FOB (Free on Board) export selling price. Presently Thailand exports its gypsum at an FOB price of over US$ 20 per tonne and exports over 97 per cent of its gypsum to the historical gypsum importing countries in Southeast Asia.
Supply from Iran: Iran gypsum export volume significantly started falling after tightening the sanction parameters. Gypsum exports to India started dropping, the exports dropped to 0.17 million tonnes in the FY 2022-2023 from 1.57 million tonnes in the FY 2021-2022, nearly 89.35 per cent dropped.
Historically, Iran exports around 10 per cent of its annual production of gypsum majority to India and other GCC countries like UAE, Qatar etc. If the sanctions are lifted, the Iranian construction and infrastructure sector will grow exponentially, and this will create an immense demand for gypsum in the local construction industries. Hence, the gypsum export volumes shall be limited and the FOB selling price may be increased to the level of the pre-sanction period, i.e., FOB US$ 14 -15 per ton or more.
Supply from the Sultanate of Oman: The World’s largest gypsum supplier – Oman exports nearly 10 million tonnes of gypsum yearly, which is 50 per cent of Asia, Southeast Africa and GCC countries’ imported gypsum demand. Oman exports 50 per cent of its total volume to India and the remaining 50 per cent are exported to the historical gypsum importers like Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Philippines, Japan, South Korea, UAE, Southeast Africa etc.
Gypsum, key critical raw material for the cement and gypsum board manufacturing industries, much of the imported gypsum consuming the above countries is now turning to the Sultanate of Oman for its requirements of the commodity. The Sultanate of Oman is emerging as the single most important supply source for gypsum, with no rivals. However, Oman’s present exportable gypsum reserves are very limited.
The Government authority of the Sultanate of Oman introduced w.e.f. January 2017, a FOB floor price of US$ 12.50 per ton of raw gypsum exported out of the country, which is keen to increase the FOB prices in coming years to meet its own objectives, to increase the country’s non-oil export revenue.
Even though gypsum accounts for just 2 per cent to 3 per cent of the total cost of cement sales, the Indian cement manufacturers are likely to face serious challenges regarding its availability and cost in the near future. Identifying and ensuring a consistent supply of gypsum will become an on-going challenge.

Data Sources

Global cement magazine
Global gypsum magazine
The Fertiliser Association of India (FAI)
Central Electricity Authority of India (CEA)
The Ministry of Energy and Mining – The Sultanate of Oman
Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) – Government of India
The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways of India
The Central Road Research Institute (CRRI) of India
Various published reports on Cement and Gypsum industries

ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Ramachandran is the Chief Executive Officer with Zawawi Minerals LLC in The Sultanate of Oman.

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JK Lakshmi Advances LC3 Cement Expansion

Company highlights commercial production and research partnerships

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The meeting reviewed progress in limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) technology and its commercial adoption in India’s cement sector, focusing on low-carbon alternatives to conventional binders. JK Lakshmi Cement noted that limestone calcined clay cement can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by up to 40 per cent compared with conventional cement and said this reduction supports industry decarbonisation. The company highlighted that it was among the first two cement manufacturers in India to move LC3 into commercial production after the Bureau of Indian Standards approved the technology as a cement standard.

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The meeting explored continued collaboration with Swiss research institutions such as EPFL, EMPA and ETH Zurich alongside Indian academic partners and development organisations. JK Lakshmi Cement has been associated with the LC3 initiative since 2014 and worked with EPFL, IIT Delhi, IIT Madras, Development Alternatives and Technology and Action for Rural Advancement. The company conducted one of the earliest industrial trials of LC3 and recently announced commercial production of Green Pro LC3 cement from its Jaykaypuram plant in Rajasthan.

India remains the world’s second-largest cement producer and expansion of infrastructure, urbanisation and housing demand continue to support long-term sector growth, increasing interest in low-carbon technologies. The company reported an annual turnover of more than Rupees (Rs) 60 bn and current cement capacity of about 18 million (mn) tonnes (t) per annum, with a target of reaching 30 million (mn) tonnes (t) by 2030. Apart from grey cement, the company also makes ready-mix concrete, gypsum plaster, wall putty, primers, adhesives and fly ash blocks, and both sides concluded on the need for continued collaboration to develop sustainable construction solutions.

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Burnpur Cement Reports Standalone Net Loss Of Rs 207.4 Million

Standalone net loss of Rs 207.4 mn in March 2026 quarter

Published

15 hours ago

June 1, 2026

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Burnpur Cement reported a standalone net loss of Rs 207.4 million (Rs 207.4 million) for the quarter ended March 2026. The company said the loss reflects its financial performance for the period and will be reflected in its results filed with regulators. The announcement followed routine quarterly reporting by the listed cement manufacturer. Burnpur Cement is a cement manufacturer operating in India and serving construction markets, with operations spanning production, distribution and sales across the domestic construction sector.

The March 2026 quarter result marks a weakening in profitability for Burnpur Cement as market conditions in the sector remained challenging. The company attributed the outcome to operational and market factors, while outlining measures to manage costs and working capital. The reported standalone loss of Rs 207.4 million will be central to assessments by analysts and investors, which will be weighed alongside sector trends and company guidance. Management indicated continued focus on stabilising operations and optimising production efficiency.

No further numerical details were included in the initial summary, and consolidated figures were not disclosed in the brief notice, constraining immediate analysis of underlying drivers. The firm reiterated that it will provide comprehensive results and explanatory notes in its annual filing and investor communications. Analysts will assess the full disclosures when detailed financial statements become available. The timing of those detailed filings will determine how soon stakeholders can access full data.

Investors and stakeholders were advised to review the filings and the company’s releases for complete information, including cash flow and segmental performance, before drawing investment conclusions. The company’s operations and future guidance will determine recovery prospects in subsequent quarters. Regulatory disclosures and investor communications will guide market interpretation of the quarter and inform analyst forecasts. Burnpur Cement remains subject to the regulatory reporting process applicable to listed entities.

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Ramco Cements Campaign Wins Six Kyoorius Honours

Hard Worker campaign wins Grand Prix for Eco Plaster film

Published

4 days ago

May 29, 2026

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The Ramco Cements Limited’s Hard Worker campaign has achieved a major milestone at the prestigious Kyoorius Creative Awards, winning six honours including the coveted Grey Elephant Grand Prix for the Eco Plaster film. The awards were announced and presented at the Kyoorius Creative Awards Night 2026 held on 23rd May 2026 at the Jio World Convention Centre, Mumbai.

Competing alongside some of the country’s leading brands and agencies, the campaign received recognition across multiple creative categories, reaffirming the power of authentic storytelling rooted in the lives of hardworking people. The Eco Plaster commercial, which highlighted the importance of water conservation through innovative construction solutions, emerged as the campaign’s biggest winner, securing most of the honours.

The campaign’s wins include:
Grey Elephant (Grand Prix) – Eco Plaster
Blue Elephant – Best Film – Eco Plaster
Blue Elephant – Best Direction – Eco Plaster
Blue Elephant – Best Music – Eco Plaster
Baby Elephant – Best Direction -Tortoise & Hare
Baby Elephant – Best Use of Humour – Eco Plaster

Established in 2014, the Kyoorius Creative Awards recognise and celebrate creative excellence across India’s advertising, marketing and communications industries. Presented by Zee Entertainment Enterprises and powered by the USA-based The Clio Awards, the awards are regarded among the country’s most respected creative honours.

Known for their ethical and neutral judging process, the Kyoorius Creative Awards evaluate work purely on merit through a non-hierarchical awards structure, without Gold, Silver or Bronze distinctions. The iconic Elephant symbolises memorable work that leaves a lasting impact on the industry.

The Hard Worker campaign by The Ramco Cements Limited was conceived around the insight that true strength and progress are built through everyday hard work. Through emotionally resonant storytelling, distinctive craft and culturally rooted narratives, the campaign connected strongly with audiences across markets. The integrated campaign was rolled out across television, digital platforms, outdoor media and extensive on-ground activations, helping strengthen the brand’s connect with consumers, engineers, masons and trade communities alike.

Commenting on the achievement, A V Dharmakrishnan, CEO of Ramco Cements, said: “Winning at the Kyoorius Creative Awards is a proud moment for all of us. The Hard Worker campaign was created as a tribute to the spirit of hardworking people who form the backbone of our industry and our nation. These recognitions reaffirm our belief that authentic, meaningful storytelling has the power to create a deep and lasting connection with people.”

Balaji K Moorthy, Executive Director – Marketing, Ramco Cements, added: “The Hard Worker campaign was built on a simple but powerful insight – that hard work deserves recognition and respect. We wanted the communication to feel rooted, emotional and culturally relevant while also pushing creative boundaries. Winning six honours, including the Grey Elephant Grand Prix, is a tremendous validation of the idea, the craft and the collaborative effort of everyone involved in the campaign.”