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AFR can provide economic and environmental benefits

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Tushar Khandhadia, General Manager – Production, Udaipur Cement Works, in conversation with Kanika Mathur about the impact of AFR on efficiency and quality.

As the cement industry moves towardmore sustainable practices, alternative fuels and raw materials (AFR) play a crucial role in reducing carbon emissions and enhancing resource efficiency. In this exclusive interview, Tushar Khandhadia, General Manager – Production at Udaipur Cement Works, shares insights on how the company integrates AFR into its production process, the challenges involved, and the latest innovations driving sustainable cement manufacturing.

Which AFR does your company currently use in cement production?
Our organisation employs a variety of AFR to enhance sustainability and reduce our carbon footprint. These include:

  • Alternative fuels: Waste-derived fuels such as municipal solid waste (MSW), tire-derived fuel (TDF), biomass, and industrial waste, waste mix for co-incineration LCV.
  • Alternative raw materials: Industrial by-products like fly ash, f.f slag, jarosite chemical gypsum, granulated slag, bf dust, chemical sludge (waste water treatment, ETP sludge – solid, spent carbon, waste mix (solid)).

How do alternative fuels impact the efficiency and quality of cement?
While alternative fuels can provide economic and environmental benefits, they must be carefully managed to ensure that the final quality of the cement is not compromised. The key to optimising the impact of alternative fuels on cement production lies in the selection of the right types of fuels, proper blending, and controlling combustion conditions to maintain both efficiency and high-quality output.

Fuel characteristics

  • Energy content: Alternative fuels (such as biomass, waste-derived fuels, or industrial by-products) often have lower energy content compared to traditional fuels like coal or pet coke. This means that more of the alternative fuel is required to achieve the same level of heat generation. As a result, more fuel needs to be burned, potentially increasing the overall heat consumption of
    the kiln.
  • Moisture and volatile matter: Some alternative fuels have higher moisture content or volatile substances, requiring additional energy to evaporate the moisture or combust these volatile compounds. This can lead to a higher heat consumption during the combustion process.
  • Burning efficiency: combustion characteristics: Different alternative fuels may burn at different rates or temperatures compared to traditional fuels, which could affect the kiln’s efficiency. Incomplete combustion of some alternative fuels might cause heat losses and thus increase the energy needed to maintain kiln operation.
  • Clinker formation: Alternative fuels may affect the formation of clinker (the solid material produced in the kiln). If the composition or combustion characteristics of the alternative fuel cause uneven heating or changes in clinker quality, additional energy may be needed to stabilise the temperature or improve the quality of the clinker.
  • Operational adjustments: process optimisation: When switching to alternative fuels, adjustments are often required to optimise the kiln’s operational parameters (like air flow, temperature control, etc.). Until these adjustments are fully optimised, the kiln may operate less efficiently, leading to higher heat consumption.

Impact on quality:

  • Chemical composition: Some alternative fuels, such as those derived from industrial waste or hazardous materials, may introduce chemical compounds that can alter the final properties of cement. However, proper fuel management ensures that any potential adverse effects on cement quality are minimised.
  • Clinker quality: The quality of the clinker, which is the key ingredient in cement, can be affected by the composition of the alternative fuels. Some alternative fuels may introduce impurities (such as chlorine or sulphur), which could lead to clinker quality issues, such as instability or the formation of undesirable compounds.
  • Consistency in product: The use of alternative fuels can cause variations in the combustion process, which may lead to slight fluctuations in temperature and material composition. These inconsistencies could impact the final cement quality, though careful fuel selection and blending can mitigate these risks.
  • Environmental impacts on quality: One of the advantages of using alternative fuels is their potential to reduce the carbon footprint of cement production. The reduction of CO2 emissions and other pollutants indirectly benefits the overall quality of the end product, as it promotes sustainability and cleaner production processes.

Environmental and sustainability considerations

  • Lower CO2 emissions: By using alternative fuels, the cement industry can reduce its reliance on fossil fuels, thereby decreasing CO2 emissions. The use of waste materials like municipal solid waste or biomass can result in a carbon-neutral or lower-carbon cement production process.
  • Waste reduction: AFR helps recycle waste materials, reduce landfill use and promote circular economy practices, which indirectly enhances the sustainability of the cement industry.

What challenges do you face in sourcing and utilising AFR?
Sourcing and utilising AFR in cement production comes with several challenges that must be addressed to ensure that the transition is both effective and sustainable. Below are the key challenges typically faced:

Fuel quality variability

  • Inconsistent properties: AFRs such as waste materials, biomass or industrial by-products can vary significantly in their chemical composition, energy content, moisture levels and combustion characteristics. This inconsistency can complicate kiln operations, as cement plants are optimised for burning specific fuels like coal or petcoke. Variability in AFR can lead to issues with combustion efficiency, temperature control, and process stability.
  • Contaminants: Some AFRs may contain unwanted contaminants (e.g., plastics, heavy metals, chlorine, or sulfur) that could affect both the kiln’s performance and the quality of the final product. These contaminants can increase emissions or cause equipment corrosion and premature wear.

Supply chain and availability

  • Logistical complexity: Sourcing AFR requires a robust and reliable supply chain, as many alternative fuels come from waste streams that may not be consistently available. This variability in supply can lead to fluctuations in fuel availability, which may impact production schedules.
  • Sourcing reliability: The availability of certain types of AFRs may be limited by geographic location, government regulations, or competing demands (e.g., the use of biomass for other industries or energy production). This can make it difficult to secure a stable and consistent supply of AFR, particularly in regions where waste recycling infrastructure is underdeveloped.

Storage and handling

  • Storage issues: Some AFRs, especially organic or biomass-based fuels, may require specialised storage facilities to prevent degradation, moisture absorption, or contamination. Proper storage is necessary to maintain fuel quality and prevent losses due to spoilage.
  • Handling challenges: Different AFRs require different handling techniques, such as shredding, drying or sorting, before they can be used in the kiln. This adds complexity to the operational process and may require investment in new infrastructure and equipment.

Regulatory and environmental concerns

  • Compliance with regulations: The use of certain AFRs may be subject to stringent environmental regulations, particularly regarding emissions, waste management and fuel quality standards. Compliance with these regulations may require additional monitoring, testing and reporting, increasing operational costs and complexity.
  • Emission control: Some alternative fuels may lead to higher levels of certain pollutants (e.g., dioxins, furans, or particulate matter) if not properly managed. Cement plants must invest in additional air pollution control technologies (e.g., scrubbers, electrostatic precipitators) to mitigate these emissions.

Technical adaptation of kilns and equipment

  • Modification of existing systems: Cement plants may need to retrofit or upgrade their existing equipment (e.g., burners, air systems, or fuel handling systems) to efficiently utilise AFR. These modifications can be costly, time-consuming, and may require downtime.
  • Impact on kiln efficiency: The combustion characteristics of AFR differ from those of traditional fuels, and improper adaptation can lead to inefficient burning, lower kiln temperatures and lower overall kiln throughput. Continuous monitoring and optimisation of the kiln operation are essential to ensure efficient use of AFR.

Cost and economic viability

  • Initial investment: While AFRs can provide cost savings in the long term (especially if they are locally sourced or cheaper than conventional fuels), the upfront cost of modifying equipment, establishing fuel handling processes, and meeting regulatory requirements can be significant.
  • Price fluctuations: The cost of alternative fuels can fluctuate based on market conditions, waste availability, and local competition for resources. Such variability in pricing may make it difficult to predict savings over time and could affect the economic feasibility of using AFRs.

Quality control of cement

  • Impact on product consistency: The chemical composition of AFRs can affect the clinker quality and, in turn, the final cement product. Variations in the AFR may result in inconsistent burning conditions in the kiln, which can lead to variations in clinker mineral composition and final cement properties.
  • Blending and optimisation: To ensure that product quality remains consistent, cement producers must carefully manage the blending of alternative fuels with traditional fuels. Finding the right balance and ensuring stable quality control requires detailed analysis and optimisation.

Public perception and social acceptance

  • Concerns about waste incineration: In some regions, the use of waste-derived fuels in cement kilns may face resistance due to public concerns about the environmental and health impacts of burning waste. These concerns can affect the social acceptance of AFR use, particularly if local communities are not fully educated about the benefits of AFR in reducing waste and emissions.
  • Brand reputation: Cement companies must also be mindful of their brand reputation when using waste-derived fuels. Public perception can play a significant role in the company’s market standing, especially in more environmentally conscious regions.

Long-term sustainability of AFR supply

  • Sustainability of fuel sources: The long-term availability of certain types of AFR, such as biomass or waste-derived fuels, may be subject to factors like changing waste management practices, government policies, and market demand. Over-reliance on a single source of AFR could lead to supply chain disruptions or sustainability concerns in the future.

Strategies to overcome these challenges
To overcome these challenges, cement producers often adopt several strategies:

  • Diversification of AFR sources: Relying on a mix of different AFR types (e.g., industrial by-products, biomass, municipal waste) can help mitigate supply risks and fuel quality issues.
  • Partnerships and collaboration: Collaborating with waste management companies, municipalities, and regulatory bodies can help secure a reliable AFR supply and ensure compliance with regulations.
  • Technology and monitoring: Investing in advanced combustion technologies, sensors, and control systems can help optimise AFR utilisation in the kiln, ensuring efficient combustion and minimising emissions.
  • Training and skill development: Ensuring that staff are well-trained in handling and utilising AFRs can help minimise operational challenges and improve overall kiln efficiency.

While there are many challenges associated with sourcing and utilising AFR, many of them can be addressed with proper planning, technology, and management. The long-term benefits of using alternative fuels, including environmental sustainability and cost savings, often outweigh the challenges, especially with ongoing improvements in fuel handling and kiln optimisation.

How does AFR adoption contribute to cost savings and sustainability?
The adoption of AFR) in cement production can significantly contribute to both cost savings and sustainability. Here’s how:

Cost Savings

  • Reduced reliance on expensive fossil fuels: Traditional fuels like coal or petcoke can be subject to volatile price fluctuations due to geopolitical factors or market changes. AFRs, such as industrial by-products, biomass, or waste materials, are often less expensive than conventional fuels. By switching to AFRs, cement producers can lower their overall fuel costs.
  • Utilising waste streams: Many AFRs are waste products from other industries or municipal waste. Using these materials instead of purchasing new fuels reduces the cost of sourcing energy, as companies may even receive subsidies or payments for taking certain waste materials off their hands (e.g., biomass, plastics, tires).
  • Reduced disposal costs: Cement plants can help reduce the cost of waste disposal for municipalities and industries by accepting waste streams as alternative fuels. Waste management and disposal can be expensive, and cement producers may receive financial incentives for taking in these materials.
  • Operational efficiency: Local sourcing of AFRs can cut down transportation costs compared to importing traditional fuels from distant sources. If waste materials are available locally, their use in cement production can result in both cost savings and a smaller carbon footprint due to reduced transportation emissions.
  • Energy efficiency gains with optimised kiln operations: AFRs, when properly integrated into cement production, can lead to more efficient energy usage. Some AFRs burn hotter or more efficiently than traditional fuels, improving the energy output per unit of fuel used. This means that the cement plant might be able to produce the same amount of clinker with less energy.

Reduction in carbon emissions

  • Lower greenhouse gas emissions: One of the most significant benefits of AFR adoption is the reduction in CO2 emissions. Many alternative fuels have a lower carbon footprint than traditional fossil fuels. For instance, biomass can be considered carbon-neutral since the CO2 released during its combustion is roughly equivalent to the CO2 absorbed during the plant’s growth. Using waste materials that would otherwise decompose in landfills (producing methane, a potent greenhouse gas) also helps to reduce the overall carbon impact.
  • Reduced reliance on fossil fuels: By replacing fossil fuels with renewable or waste-derived alternatives, cement producers reduce their overall consumption of non-renewable resources, helping to lower their carbon footprint and contribute to global sustainability goals.

Waste diversion

  • Waste-to-energy: By using waste materials as fuel, cement plants contribute to waste diversion from landfills and incinerators. This process transforms waste into a valuable resource, helping to reduce the environmental impact associated with landfill usage and waste incineration, both of which are significant sources of pollution.
  • Circular economy contribution: AFR adoption is an example of a circular economy model, where waste is transformed into valuable resources rather than being discarded. This contributes to the reduction of environmental pollution and promotes sustainability within industries.
  • Resource conservation: By using alternative fuels instead of coal, oil, or gas, cement plants help preserve natural resources. Fossil fuels are finite, and their extraction can cause environmental degradation. By utilising AFRs, companies help reduce the pressure on extracting and depleting natural reserves.
  • Reduced landfill impact: The cement industry can help alleviate the growing challenge of managing waste by using materials that might otherwise end up in landfills. For instance, tire-derived fuels, plastics, and even certain types of municipal solid waste can be repurposed in cement kilns, decreasing the amount of waste needing disposal and contributing to a reduction in landfill waste volume.
  • Energy efficiency and lower resource consumption: Many AFRs, like biomass or waste oils, may have similar or higher calorific values than conventional fuels, contributing to better energy efficiency in the kiln process. This optimised energy use leads to a reduced need for fossil fuels and less overall consumption of resources, which contributes to sustainability efforts.

The adoption of AFRs in cement production delivers clear benefits in terms of cost savings (through reduced fuel and disposal costs, and energy efficiencies) and sustainability (by lowering emissions, reducing waste, conserving resources, and supporting a circular economy). While the transition to AFRs may require upfront investments in technology and infrastructure, the long-term economic and environmental benefits make it a key strategy for the cement industry to align with global sustainability goals, reduce operational costs, and enhance its competitive edge in an increasingly eco-conscious market.

Are there any recent innovations your company has implemented in AFR usage?
Yes, we have done several major projects for utilisation of AFR in our kiln.
Development of robust AFR handling systems: Innovations in AFR handling systems are enabling the safe and efficient use of various waste materials. Technologies such as pipe conveyors and precise metering systems ensure that different types of AFR can be fed into the kiln without environmental impact. These systems are designed to accommodate the varying characteristics of alternative fuels, providing comprehensive support from planning through operation to service and optimisation measures.
Real-time monitoring and quality assessment: Systems enable continuous monitoring of AFR quality, detecting anomalies and ensuring consistent fuel quality. This real-time analysis allows for immediate adjustments to the combustion process, optimising AFR utilisation.
Combustion optimisation through ML: Machine learning algorithms analyse kiln data to optimise combustion processes, ensuring complete fuel combustion and minimising waste. This leads to reduced fuel consumption, lower emissions and enhanced energy efficiency.

Economy & Market

Smart Pumping for Rock Blasting

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SEEPEX introduces BN pumps with Smart Joint Access (SJA) to improve efficiency, reliability, and inspection speed in demanding rock blasting operations.
Designed for abrasive and chemical media, the solution supports precise dosing, reduced downtime, and enhanced operational safety.

SEEPEX has introduced BN pumps with Smart Joint Access (SJA), engineered for the reliable and precise transfer of abrasive, corrosive, and chemical media in mining and construction. Designed for rock blasting, the pump features a large inspection opening for quick joint checks, a compact footprint for mobile or skid-mounted installations, and flexible drive and material options for consistent performance and uptime.

“Operators can inspect joints quickly and rely on precise pumping of shear-sensitive and abrasive emulsions,” said Magalie Levray, Global Business Development Manager Mining at SEEPEX. “This is particularly critical in rock blasting, where every borehole counts for productivity.” Industry Context

Rock blasting is essential for extracting hard rock and shaping safe excavation profiles in mining and construction. Accurate and consistent loading of explosive emulsions ensures controlled fragmentation, protects personnel, and maximizes productivity. Even minor deviations in pumping can cause delays or reduce product quality. BN pumps with SJA support routine maintenance and pre-operation checks by allowing fast verification of joint integrity, enabling more efficient operations.

Always Inspection Ready

Smart Joint Access is designed for inspection-friendly operations. The large inspection opening in the suction housing provides direct access to both joints, enabling rapid pre-operation checks while maintaining high operational reliability. Technicians can assess joint condition quickly, supporting continuous, reliable operation.

Key Features

  • Compact Footprint: Fits truck-mounted mobile units, skid-mounted systems, and factory installations.
  • Flexible Drive Options: Compact hydraulic drive or electric drive configurations.
  • Hydraulic Efficiency: Low-displacement design reduces oil requirements and supports low total cost of ownership.
  • Equal Wall Stator Design: Ensures high-pressure performance in a compact footprint.
  • Material Flexibility: Stainless steel or steel housings, chrome-plated rotors, and stators in NBR, EPDM, or FKM.

Operators benefit from shorter inspection cycles, reliable dosing, seamless integration, and fast delivery through framework agreements, helping to maintain uptime in critical rock blasting processes.

Applications – Optimized for Rock Blasting

BN pumps with SJA are designed for mining, tunneling, quarrying, civil works, dam construction, and other sectors requiring precise handling of abrasive or chemical media. They provide robust performance while enabling fast, reliable inspection and maintenance.With SJA, operators can quickly access both joints without disassembly, ensuring emulsions are transferred accurately and consistently. This reduces downtime, preserves product integrity, and supports uniform dosing across multiple bore holes.

With the Smart Joint Access inspection opening, operators can quickly access and assess the condition of both joints without disassembly, enabling immediate verification of pump readiness prior to blast hole loading. This allows operators to confirm that emulsions are transferred accurately and consistently, protecting personnel, minimizing product degradation, and maintaining uniform dosing across multiple bore holes.

The combination of equal wall stator design, compact integration, flexible drives, and progressive cavity pump technology ensures continuous, reliable operation even in space-limited, high-pressure environments.

From Inspection to Operation

A leading explosives provider implemented BN pumps with SJA in open pit and underground operations. By replacing legacy pumps, inspection cycles were significantly shortened, allowing crews to complete pre-operation checks and return mobile units to productive work faster. Direct joint access through SJA enabled immediate verification, consistent emulsion dosing, and reduced downtime caused by joint-related deviations.

“The inspection opening gives immediate confidence that each joint is secure before proceeding to bore holes,” said a site technician. “It allows us to act quickly, keeping blasting schedules on track.”

Framework agreements ensured rapid pump supply and minimal downtime, supporting multi-site operations across continents

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Concrete

Refractory demands in our kiln have changed

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Radha Singh, Senior Manager (P&Q), Shree Digvijay Cement, points out why performance, predictability and life-cycle value now matter more than routine replacement in cement kilns.

As Indian cement plants push for higher throughput, increased alternative fuel usage and tighter shutdown cycles, refractory performance in kilns and pyro-processing systems is under growing pressure. In this interview, Radha Singh, Senior Manager (P&Q), Shree Digvijay Cement, shares how refractory demands have evolved on the ground and how smarter digital monitoring is improving kiln stability, uptime and clinker quality.

How have refractory demands changed in your kiln and pyro-processing line over the last five years?
Over the last five years, refractory demands in our kiln and pyro line have changed. Earlier, the focus was mostly on standard grades and routine shutdown-based replacement. But now, because of higher production loads, more alternative fuels and raw materials (AFR) usage and greater temperature variation, the expectation from refractory has increased.
In our own case, the current kiln refractory has already completed around 1.5 years, which itself shows how much more we now rely on materials that can handle thermal shock, alkali attack and coating fluctuations. We have moved towards more stable, high-performance linings so that we don’t have to enter the kiln frequently for repairs.
Overall, the shift has been from just ‘installation and run’ to selecting refractories that give longer life, better coating behaviour and more predictable performance under tougher operating conditions.

What are the biggest refractory challenges in the preheater, calciner and cooler zones?
• Preheater: Coating instability, chloride/sulphur cycles and brick erosion.
• Calciner: AFR firing, thermal shock and alkali infiltration.
• Cooler: Severe abrasion, red-river formation and mechanical stress on linings.
Overall, the biggest challenge is maintaining lining stability under highly variable operating conditions.

How do you evaluate and select refractory partners for long-term performance?
In real plant conditions, we don’t select a refractory partner just by looking at price. First, we see their past performance in similar kilns and whether their material has actually survived our operating conditions. We also check how strong their technical support is during shutdowns, because installation quality matters as much as the material itself.
Another key point is how quickly they respond during breakdowns or hot spots. A good partner should be available on short notice. We also look at their failure analysis capability, whether they can explain why a lining failed and suggest improvements.
On top of this, we review the life they delivered in the last few campaigns, their supply reliability and their willingness to offer plant-specific custom solutions instead of generic grades. Only a partner who supports us throughout the life cycle, which includes selection, installation, monitoring and post-failure analysis, fits our long-term requirement.

Can you share a recent example where better refractory selection improved uptime or clinker quality?
Recently, we upgraded to a high-abrasion basic brick at the kiln outlet. Earlier we had frequent chipping and coating loss. With the new lining, thermal stability improved and the coating became much more stable. As a result, our shutdown interval increased and clinker quality remained more consistent. It had a direct impact on our uptime.

How is increased AFR use affecting refractory behaviour?
Increased AFR use is definitely putting more stress on the refractory. The biggest issue we see daily is the rise in chlorine, alkalis and volatiles, which directly attack the lining, especially in the calciner and kiln inlet. AFR firing is also not as stable as conventional fuel, so we face frequent temperature fluctuations, which cause more thermal shock and small cracks in the lining.
Another real problem is coating instability. Some days the coating builds too fast, other days it suddenly drops, and both conditions impact refractory life. We also notice more dust circulation and buildup inside the calciner whenever the AFR mix changes, which again increases erosion.
Because of these practical issues, we have started relying more on alkali-resistant, low-porosity and better thermal shock–resistant materials to handle the additional stress coming from AFR.

What role does digital monitoring or thermal profiling play in your refractory strategy?
Digital tools like kiln shell scanners, IR imaging and thermal profiling help us detect weakening areas much earlier. This reduces unplanned shutdowns, helps identify hotspots accurately and allows us to replace only the critical sections. Overall, our maintenance has shifted from reactive to predictive, improving lining life significantly.

How do you balance cost, durability and installation speed during refractory shutdowns?
We focus on three points:
• Material quality that suits our thermal profile and chemistry.
• Installation speed, in fast turnarounds, we prefer monolithic.
• Life-cycle cost—the cheapest material is not the most economical. We look at durability, future downtime and total cost of ownership.
This balance ensures reliable performance without unnecessary expenditure.

What refractory or pyro-processing innovations could transform Indian cement operations?
Some promising developments include:
• High-performance, low-porosity and nano-bonded refractories
• Precast modular linings to drastically reduce shutdown time
• AI-driven kiln thermal analytics
• Advanced coating management solutions
• More AFR-compatible refractory mixes

These innovations can significantly improve kiln stability, efficiency and maintenance planning across the industry.

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Concrete

Digital supply chain visibility is critical

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MSR Kali Prasad, Chief Digital and Information Officer, Shree Cement, discusses how data, discipline and scale are turning Industry 4.0 into everyday business reality.

Over the past five years, digitalisation in Indian cement manufacturing has moved decisively beyond experimentation. Today, it is a strategic lever for cost control, operational resilience and sustainability. In this interview, MSR Kali Prasad, Chief Digital and Information Officer, Shree Cement, explains how integrated digital foundations, advanced analytics and real-time visibility are helping deliver measurable business outcomes.

How has digitalisation moved from pilot projects to core strategy in Indian cement manufacturing over the past five years?
Digitalisation in Indian cement has evolved from isolated pilot initiatives into a core business strategy because outcomes are now measurable, repeatable and scalable. The key shift has been the move away from standalone solutions toward an integrated digital foundation built on standardised processes, governed data and enterprise platforms that can be deployed consistently across plants and functions.
At Shree Cement, this transition has been very pragmatic. The early phase focused on visibility through dashboards, reporting, and digitisation of critical workflows. Over time, this has progressed into enterprise-level analytics and decision support across manufacturing and the supply chain,
with clear outcomes in cost optimisation, margin protection and revenue improvement through enhanced customer experience.
Equally important, digital is no longer the responsibility of a single function. It is embedded into day-to-day operations across planning, production, maintenance, despatch and customer servicing, supported by enterprise systems, Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) data platforms, and a structured approach to change management.

Which digital interventions are delivering the highest ROI across mining, production and logistics today?
In a capital- and cost-intensive sector like cement, the highest returns come from digital interventions that directly reduce unit costs or unlock latent capacity without significant capex.
Supply chain and planning (advanced analytics): Tools for demand forecasting, S&OP, network optimisation and scheduling deliver strong returns by lowering logistics costs, improving service levels, and aligning production with demand in a fragmented and regionally diverse market.
Mining (fleet and productivity analytics): Data-led mine planning, fleet analytics, despatch discipline, and idle-time reduction improve fuel efficiency and equipment utilisation, generating meaningful savings in a cost-heavy operation.
Manufacturing (APC and process analytics): Advanced Process Control, mill optimisation, and variability reduction improve thermal and electrical efficiency, stabilise quality and reduce rework and unplanned stoppages.
Customer experience and revenue enablement (digital platforms): Dealer and retailer apps, order visibility and digitally enabled technical services improve ease of doing business and responsiveness. We are also empowering channel partners with transparent, real-time information on schemes, including eligibility, utilisation status and actionable recommendations, which improves channel satisfaction and market execution while supporting revenue growth.
Overall, while Artificial Intelligence (AI) and IIoT are powerful enablers, it is advanced analytics anchored in strong processes that typically delivers the fastest and most reliable ROI.

How is real-time data helping plants shift from reactive maintenance to predictive and prescriptive operations?
Real-time and near real-time data is driving a more proactive and disciplined maintenance culture, beginning with visibility and progressively moving toward prediction and prescription.
At Shree Cement, we have implemented a robust SAP Plant Maintenance framework to standardise maintenance workflows. This is complemented by IIoT-driven condition monitoring, ensuring consistent capture of equipment health indicators such as vibration, temperature, load, operating patterns and alarms.
Real-time visibility enables early detection of abnormal conditions, allowing teams to intervene before failures occur. As data quality improves and failure histories become structured, predictive models can anticipate likely failure modes and recommend timely interventions, improving MTBF and reducing downtime. Over time, these insights will evolve into prescriptive actions, including spares readiness, maintenance scheduling, and operating parameter adjustments, enabling reliability optimisation with minimal disruption.
A critical success factor is adoption. Predictive insights deliver value only when they are embedded into daily workflows, roles and accountability structures. Without this, they remain insights without action.

In a cost-sensitive market like India, how do cement companies balance digital investment with price competitiveness?
In India’s intensely competitive cement market, digital investments must be tightly linked to tangible business outcomes, particularly cost reduction, service improvement, and faster decision-making.
This balance is achieved by prioritising high-impact use cases such as planning efficiency, logistics optimisation, asset reliability, and process stability, all of which typically deliver quick payback. Equally important is building scalable and governed digital foundations that reduce the marginal cost of rolling out new use cases across plants.
Digitally enabled order management, live despatch visibility, and channel partner platforms also improve customer centricity while controlling cost-to-serve, allowing service levels to improve without proportionate increases in headcount or overheads.
In essence, the most effective digital investments do not add cost. They protect margins by reducing variability, improving planning accuracy, and strengthening execution discipline.

How is digitalisation enabling measurable reductions in energy consumption, emissions, and overall carbon footprint?
Digitalisation plays a pivotal role in improving energy efficiency, reducing emissions and lowering overall carbon intensity.
Real-time monitoring and analytics enable near real-time tracking of energy consumption and critical operating parameters, allowing inefficiencies to be identified quickly and corrective actions to be implemented. Centralised data consolidation across plants enables benchmarking, accelerates best-practice adoption, and drives consistent improvements in energy performance.
Improved asset reliability through predictive maintenance reduces unplanned downtime and process instability, directly lowering energy losses. Digital platforms also support more effective planning and control of renewable energy sources and waste heat recovery systems, reducing dependence on fossil fuels.
Most importantly, digitalisation enables sustainability progress to be tracked with greater accuracy and consistency, supporting long-term ESG commitments.

What role does digital supply chain visibility play in managing demand volatility and regional market dynamics in India?
Digital supply chain visibility is critical in India, where demand is highly regional, seasonality is pronounced, and logistics constraints can shift rapidly.
At Shree Cement, planning operates across multiple horizons. Annual planning focuses on capacity, network footprint and medium-term demand. Monthly S&OP aligns demand, production and logistics, while daily scheduling drives execution-level decisions on despatch, sourcing and prioritisation.
As digital maturity increases, this structure is being augmented by central command-and-control capabilities that manage exceptions such as plant constraints, demand spikes, route disruptions and order prioritisation. Planning is also shifting from aggregated averages to granular, cost-to-serve and exception-based decision-making, improving responsiveness, lowering logistics costs and strengthening service reliability.

How prepared is the current workforce for Industry 4.0, and what reskilling strategies are proving most effective?
Workforce preparedness for Industry 4.0 is improving, though the primary challenge lies in scaling capabilities consistently across diverse roles.
The most effective approach is to define capability requirements by role and tailor enablement accordingly. Senior leadership focuses on digital literacy for governance, investment prioritisation, and value tracking. Middle management is enabled to use analytics for execution discipline and adoption. Frontline sales and service teams benefit from
mobile-first tools and KPI-driven workflows, while shop-floor and plant teams focus on data-driven operations, APC usage, maintenance discipline, safety and quality routines.
Personalised, role-based learning paths, supported by on-ground champions and a clear articulation of practical benefits, drive adoption far more effectively than generic training programmes.

Which emerging digital technologies will fundamentally reshape cement manufacturing in the next decade?
AI and GenAI are expected to have the most significant impact, particularly when combined with connected operations and disciplined processes.
Key technologies likely to reshape the sector include GenAI and agentic AI for faster root-cause analysis, knowledge access, and standardisation of best practices; industrial foundation models that learn patterns across large sensor datasets; digital twins that allow simulation of process changes before implementation; and increasingly autonomous control systems that integrate sensors, AI, and APC to maintain stability with minimal manual intervention.
Over time, this will enable more centralised monitoring and management of plant operations, supported by strong processes, training and capability-building.

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