Economy & Market
Green Cement Plant: Hurdles in the way of a green cement plant
Published
5 years agoon
By
admin
The Indian cement industry has realised that strong business growth can be achieved by sustaining manufacturing in an eco-friendly manner. As the industry is moving ahead to embrace green technologies, SP Deolkar, a veteran in the field, lists out some of the obstacles in its path.
Cement entrepreneurs have to face many challenges while setting up new cement manufacturing plants on greenfield sites. Emphasis on sustainable development is a new dimension to consider while designing the plant. The cement industry is committed to reducing emission of Greenhouse Gasses (GHG) and to save limestone reserves and fossil fuels, while simultaneously maintaining the quality of the ambient air.
All new cement plants are adopting green processes. This means they would be making blended / composite cements, using alternate fuels (AF),using waste gasses to co-generate power or to even make cement and using renewable sources of power like wind and sun.
The challenges
The challenges in setting up a cement plant can be broadly divided into technical challenges and external challenges.
Technical challenges include those related with processes, preparation of raw materials, fuels and semi- finished products for processing, availability of machinery, plant and equipment for various operations, instrumentation and process control management for plant operation at optimum levels.
External challenges are related to deciding on the most suitable location for the plant with respect to access to raw materials, fuel, power, and of course, the market.
Technical challenges Processes
There are hardly any technological challenges with respect to process or machinery; even for current sizes of plants with more than 10,000 tpd kiln capacity. Machinery of required design and capacity is available to be used as single units. Out of necessity, cement mills are installed as multiple units to produce different types of cements simultaneously. Multi -stream pre-heaters and calciners are used on 10,000 tpd production lines. Calciners have been developed to permit multi- stage feeding of raw meal and fuel, and to keep NOx levels down within permissible limits. Both the kiln and calciner can be fired simultaneously with coal/oil and alternate fuels; several designs of highly efficient clinker coolers are available. Vertical mills, roller presses and ball mills of required sizes and capacities are available; the industry has already reached fuel efficiency levels of ~ 650 kcal/kg clinker and power consumption of ~ 80 kwh/tonne of cement.
Alternative fuels
The only new element is the preparation of alternative fuels for firing in kiln/calciner. AFs come from myriad sources in many different forms and are widely different from each other and from coal. Fuel preparation systems have to be designed to suit selected AFs for use on a continuous basis. This could involve crushing, drying, pulverising petcoke, shredding tyres, briquetting rice husk, gasification of biomass, etc. The process may require special equipment like briquetting press, shredders, gasification plant and machineries like hot disc, multi-channel burners to fire oil, coal and gas simultaneously. Such versatile systems are at the disposal of modern cement plants today.
What is most necessary for use of AFs is rigorous quality control at all stages, right from the source, to the point of firing. It is also necessary to monitor chlorine, dioxins, heavy metals, etc, in specific cases. In some cases, it may be necessary to install a kiln bypass system at the kiln inlet. Some AFs are hazardous and need special care in their handling and storage.
Waste heat recovery systems
A wide range of options are available in waste heat recovery systems (WHRS). This wide range makes it crucial to select the system most appropriate. There are many ways in which a WHRS can be installed. Suitable machinery is available for every type of requirement.
External challenges
Apart from the challenges arising from financial angles, setting up a plant would require attention to several other factors. These challenges are common for all types of cements as much as for green cement.
Some external challenges include:
- Selecting location for the proposed cement plant.
- Acquisition for land for factory and colony.
- Obtaining mining lease.
- Obtaining environmental clearances.
Land acquisition
Acquisition of land can be a big problem particularly if the land is under cultivation. A 10,000 tpd clinkering unit producing ~ 6.5 mtpa of slag cement, along with a railway siding, would require about 300 hectares just for its factory. The selection of the right location for a proposed cement plant is based on access to market, location of mineral deposits, sources of power and fuel, infrastructural facilities like rail and road links, availability of manpower, etc. Now a new dimension is added to this; a sources of AF.
The final location ought to be selected in a way that it balances the pros and cons and veer strongly in favour of the plant. If an ISP (Intermediate Service Provider) is available to supply AFs in ready use form, the problem is resolved to a great extent.
Careful investigations of prospective deposits in terms of quality and quantity to suit the selected process and the the final capacity of the plant is very important. The most promising deposit may not be readily available for exploitation, or if available, it may not be large enough. Thus, finalising the deposits and acquiring a mining lease can be a long drawn-out process. It becomes even more difficult if the deposits are in reserved areas like in forests or in sanctuaries.
Clearances for setting up a cement plant must be obtained from the MoEF (Ministry of Environment and Forests) and Pollution Control Boards. These clearances are issued only after various conditions stipulated by government norms are met.
Important conditions linked to: Mining operations, so as to leave as small a footprint as possible.
- Greening of slopes, use of ground water in mines and afforestation.
- Water management; recharging groundwater by rainwater harvesting, system of garland canals and check dams in specific cases, ETP, zero waste water discharge.
- Green belts and landscaping in and around the factory and colony.
- Monitoring and adhering to emission norms for particulates from stacks and for fugitive dusts as laid down by State and Central Pollution Control Boards.
New dimension
Though not mandatory at the moment, the industry is expected to monitor emissions of greenhouse gasses. These stipulations are to be met by all proposed cement plants, green or grey. Since the cement industry is committed to the principle of sustainable development, it will willingly comply with these stipulations and do necessary planning in advance.
Green buildings
Norms have been developed for green buildings that make maximum use of sun and wind to reduce dependence on lighting and air- conditioning. Though not mandatory, adopting them would make the existing plants greener. The Bureau of Energy Efficiency has issued norms for lighting fixtures and cooling media to be used in refrigerators and air- conditioners. It would be best to keep these in mind right from the planning stage.
Benefits of meeting these challenges
There are several real and tangible benefits of accepting the challenges and in greening the cement plants.
- GHG emissions can be reduced from ~0.76 t/t for OPC to 0.30 t/t for slag cement with AF and WHR..
- Substantial savings can be achieved by conserving reserves of limestone and fossil fuels. Capital costs of annual capacity can come down by 30 to 40 per cent even after allowing for additional costs for AF and WHR. Costs of production of naked cement excluding works also come down by 20 to 25 per cent in case of blended cements with AF and WHR.
Renewable energy
Power plants based on renewable sources such as wind and solar power will soon become an integral part of new cement plants, making them greener as these sources of energy are totally free of GHG emissions. The necessary technology to meet these goals is now available and very reliable.
However, the main problem associated with these sources is that the generation of wind and solar power is not consistent. The capacity factor is also very low compared to that of thermal power plants. Secondly, it may not always be possible to locate the wind or solar power plants close to the cement plant. A cement plant would have to manage several sources of electrical energy, grid, captive power plant, WHRS and power from renewable energy. A sound strategy must be in place to ensure continuity of power at optimum cost.
Future challenges
Cement industry will have to gear up itself to meet new challenges in the future such as upgrading its technologies for carbon capture and storage. GHG emissions cannot be pulled down to the targeted levels merely by making blended cements and by using AF. There are technologies for separating CO2 from waste gases on the horizon. It could be used by other industries or it can also be used for making new cements substitutes such as those made by Calera Corporation (http://www.calera.com). Several cement substitutes like Calera, Novacem, Aether, are in various stages of development.
All the new cements are green cements. The cement industry should be watchful and examine how these green products could be made in their existing production facilities.
SP Deolalkar, Director, Deolalkar Consultants, Reference- Author’s forthcoming book : Designing Green, Cement Plants.
You may like
-
Double Tap to Go Green
-
15th Cement EXPO to be held in March 2025 in Hyderabad
-
14th Cement EXPO
-
Vinita Singhania receives Lifetime Achievement Award at the 7th Indian Cement Review Awards
-
Increasing Use of Supplementary Cementitious Materials
-
Indian Cement Review Touts Decarbonisation Mantra & Awards Growth
Concrete
Dalmia Bharat Acquires Jaiprakash Associates Cement Assets for ₹2,850 Crore
Published
57 minutes agoon
May 25, 2026By
admin
Dalmia Cement executed a Business Transfer Agreement with Jaiprakash Associates and Adani Infra, to acquire 5.2 MnTPA of cement capacity across Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.
Dalmia Cement (Bharat) announced on May 22, 2026 that it had signed a Business Transfer Agreement with Jaiprakash Associates Limited and Adani Infra (India) Limited for the acquisition of cement plants located at Rewa in Madhya Pradesh and Churk, Chunar and Sadwa in Uttar Pradesh. The deal was struck at an enterprise value of ₹2,850 crore and is expected to close within two weeks of execution.
The acquired assets from Jaiprakash Associates include 5.2 MnTPA of cement capacity and 3.3 MnTPA of clinker capacity. The package also covers 99 MW of thermal power capacity and railway sidings at Rewa, Chunar, and a common siding at Churk. This infrastructure gives the acquisition immediate operational utility beyond just production tonnage.
The transaction has a long backstory. Dalmia Cement had originally entered into a framework agreement with Jaiprakash Associates in December 2022, covering the sale of these business assets along with a long-term clinker supply arrangement. However, before the deal could be completed, Jaiprakash Associates was admitted to insolvency proceedings under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code. The earlier agreements could not be consummated as a result.
In an official statement, Puneet Dalmia, Managing Director & CEO, Dalmia Bharat, said, “I am very excited about addition of these assets in our portfolio. This serves as a great strategic fit for Dalmia. It helps us move forward in our journey to be a pan India player and provide a strong head start to serve the high potential markets in Central region. I am optimistic that the expansion potential of these assets along with close proximity with Dalmia’s captive mines will help us create a capacity hub for the future”.
Following the approval of Adani Group’s resolution plan for Jaiprakash Associates under the IBC framework, Dalmia approached the new management to revive discussions. The fresh Business Transfer Agreement was executed to settle all pending disputes, legal proceedings, and arbitration matters arising from the original framework agreement with Jaiprakash Associates.
Expanding market reach
Dalmia added, “Our familiarity with these assets under the earlier tolling arrangement gives us a deep understanding of the facilities and helps us establish strong connect with channel partners and vendors. We believe that this will help us in faster ramp up of capacities and quicker inroads into the market. As we look forward, I am very confident that we will be able to leverage the strengths of Dalmia to operate these assets in a manner where we can maximise value creation for all our stakeholders.”
With the addition of these plants, Dalmia Bharat’s total installed cement capacity will rise to 54.7 MnTPA upon consummation. The company has further expansion projects underway at Belgaum, Pune, and Kadapa, which are expected to take overall capacity to 66.7 MnTPA by Q2 to Q3 FY28.
The Central India location of the Jaiprakash Associates plants gives Dalmia Bharat faster access to markets in Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh than a greenfield build would have allowed. The company also cited debottlenecking and brownfield expansion as near-term opportunities at the acquired sites. Dalmia Bharat said the assets were expected to contribute positively to EBITDA and overall returns, given the pricing environment in the region and the company’s cost structure.
Concrete
PROMECON introduces infrared-based tertiary air measurement system for cement kilns
Published
5 days agoon
May 20, 2026By
admin
The new solution promisescontinuous, real-time tertiary air flow measurement in cement plant operations.
PROMECON GmbH has launched the McON IR Compact, an infrared-based measuring system designed to deliver continuous, real-time tertiary air flow measurement in cement plant operations. The system addresses the longstanding process control challenge of accurate tertiary air monitoring under extreme kiln conditions. It uses patented infrared time-of-flight measurement technology that operates without calibration or maintenance intervention.
Precise tertiary air measurement is a critical requirement for stable rotary kiln operation. The McON IR Compact is engineered to function reliably at temperatures up to 1,200°C and in the presence of abrasive clinker dust. Its vector-based digital measurement architecture ensures that readings remain unaffected by swirl, dust deposits or drift. Due to these conditions conventional measurement systems in pyroprocess environments are often compromised.
The system is fully non-intrusive and requires no K-factors, recalibration or periodic readjustment, enabling years of uninterrupted operation. This design directly supports plant availability and reduces the maintenance overhead typically associated with process instrumentation in high-temperature zones.
PROMECON has deployed the McON IR Compact at multiple cement facilities, including Warta Cement in Poland. Plant operators report that the system has aided in identifying blockages, optimising purging cycles for gas burners, and supplying accurate flow data for AI-based process optimisation programmes. The practical outcomes include more stable kiln operation, improved process control, and earlier detection of process disturbances.
On the energy side, real-time tertiary air data enables reduction in induced draft fan load and helps flatten process oscillations across the pyroprocess. This translates to lower fuel and energy consumption, fewer unplanned shutdowns, and a measurable reduction in NOx peaks. This directly reflects on the downstream cost implications for plants operating SCR or SNCR systems for emissions compliance.
Concrete
Filtration Technology is Critical for Efficient Logistics
Published
1 week agoon
May 15, 2026By
admin
Niranjan Kirloskar, MD, Fleetguard Filters, makes the case that filtration technology, which has been long treated as a routine consumable, is in fact a strategic performance enabler across every stage of cement production and logistics.
India’s cement industry forms the core for infrastructure growth of the country. With an expected compound annual growth rate of six to eight per cent, India has secured its position as the second-largest cement producer globally. This growth is a result of the increasing demand across, resulting in capacity expansion. Consequently, cement manufacturers are now also focusing on running the factories as efficiently as possible to stay competitive and profitable.
While a large portion of focus still remains on production technologies and capacity utilisation, the hidden factor in profitability is the efficiency of cement logistics. The logistics alone account for nearly 30 per cent to 40 per cent of the total cost of cement, making efficiency in this segment a key lever for profitability and reliability.
In the midst of this complex and high-intensity ecosystem, filtration often remains one of the most underappreciated yet essential enablers of performance.
A demanding operational landscape
Cement production and logistics inherently operate in some of the harshest industrial environments. With processes such as quarrying, crushing, grinding, clinker production, and bulk material handling expose the machinery to constant high temperatures, heavy loads, and dust, often the silent destructive force for engines.
The ecosystem is abrasive, and often one with a high contamination index. These challenging conditions demand equipment such as the excavators, crushers, compressors, and transport vehicles to perform and perform efficiently. The continuous exposure to contamination across every aspect like air, fuel, lubrication, and even hydraulic systems causes long-term damage. Studies have also shown that 70 to 80 per cent of hydraulic system failures are directly linked to contamination, while primary cause of engine wear is inadequate air filtration.
For engines as heavy as these, even a minor contaminant has a cascading effect; reducing efficiency, performance and culminating to unplanned downtime. Particles as small as 5 to 10 microns, far smaller than a human hair (~70 microns), can cause significant damage to critical engine components. In an industry where margins are closely linked to operational efficiency, such disruptions can significantly affect both cost structures and delivery timelines.
Dust management: A persistent challenge
Dust is a natural by-product in cement operations. From drilling and blasting in the quarries to packing in plants, this fine particulate matter does occupy a large space in operations. Dust concentration levels in quarry and crushing zones often create extremely high particulate exposure for equipment. These fine particles, when enter the engines and critical systems, accelerates the wear and tear of the component, affecting directly the operational efficiency. Over time every block fall; engine performance declines, fuel consumption rises, and maintenance cycles shorten. In this case, effective air filtration is the natural first line of defence. Advanced filtration systems are designed to capture high volumes of particulate matter while maintaining consistent airflow, ensuring that engines and equipment operate under optimal conditions.
In high-dust applications, as in cement production, even the filtration systems are expected to sustain performance over extended periods without the need of frequent replacement. This becomes crucial in remote quarry locations where access to frequent maintenance may be limited.
Fluid cleanliness and system integrity
Beyond air filtration, fluid systems also play a crucial role for equipment reliability in cement operations. Fuel systems are required to remain free from contaminants for efficient working of combustion and injection protection. Additionally, lubrication systems also need to maintain the oil purity to reduce friction and prevent any premature wear of moving parts. The hydraulic systems, which are key to several heavy equipment operations, are especially sensitive to contamination.
If fine particles or water enters these systems, it can lead to reduced efficiency, erratic performance, and eventual failure of the system. Modern filtration systems are designed with high-efficiency media capable of removing extremely fine contaminants, with advanced fuel and oil filtration solutions filtering particles as small as two to five microns. Multi-stage filtration systems further ensure that fluid performance is maintained even under challenging operating conditions.
Another critical aspect of fuel systems is water separation. Removing moisture helps prevent corrosion, improves combustion efficiency and enhances overall engine reliability. Modern water separation technologies can achieve over 95 per cent efficiency in removing water from fuel systems.
Ensuring reliability across the value chain
Filtration plays a critical role across every stage of cement logistics:
• Quarry operations: Equipment operates in highly abrasive environments, requiring strong protection against dust ingress and hydraulic contamination.
• Processing units: Crushers, kilns, and grinding mills depend on clean lubrication and cooling systems to sustain continuous operations.
• Material handling systems: Pneumatic and mechanical systems rely on clean air and fluid systems for efficiency and reliability.
• Transportation networks: Bulk carriers and trucks must maintain engine health and fuel efficiency to ensure timely deliveries.
Across these operations, filtration plays a vital role; as it supports consistent equipment performance while reducing the risk of unexpected failures.
Effective filtration solutions can reduce unscheduled equipment failures by 30 to 50 per cent across heavy-duty operations.
Uptime as a strategic imperative
In cement manufacturing, uptime is currency. Downtime not only delays the production, but it also greatly impacts the supply commitments and logistics planning. With the right filtration systems, contaminants are kept at bay from entering the
critical systems, and they also significantly extend the service intervals.
Optimised filtration can extend service intervals by 20 to 40 per cent, reducing maintenance frequency while maintaining consistent performance across demanding operating conditions. Filtration systems designed for heavy-duty applications sustain efficiency throughout their lifecycle, ensuring reliable protection with minimal interruptions. This leads to improved equipment availability, lower maintenance costs, and more predictable operations, with well-maintained systems capable of achieving uptime levels of over 90 to 95 per cent in challenging cement environments.
Supporting emission and sustainability goals
With the rising environmental awareness, the cement industry too is aligning with the stricter norms and sustainability targets. In this scenario, the operational efficiency is directly linked to emission control.
Air and fuel systems that are clean enable
much more efficient combustion. They also reduce emissions from both the stationary equipment and transport fleets. Similarly, with a well-maintained fluid cleanliness, emission systems function better. Poor combustion due to contamination can increase emissions by 5 to 10 per cent, making clean systems critical for compliance.
Additionally, efficient and longer lasting filtration systems significantly reduce any waste generation and contribute to increased sustainable maintenance practices. Extended-life filtration solutions can reduce filter disposal and maintenance waste by 15 to 20 per cent. Smart and efficient filtration in this case plays an important role in meeting the both regulatory and environmental objectives within the industry.
Advancements in filtration technology
Over the years, there has been a significant evolution in the filtration technology to meet the modern industrial applications.
Key developments include:
• High-efficiency filtration media capable of capturing very fine particles without restricting flow
• Compact and integrated designs that combine multiple filtration functions
• Extended service life solutions that reduce replacement frequency and maintenance downtime
• Application-specific engineering tailored to different stages of cement operations
Modern multi-layer filtration media can improve dust-holding capacity by up to two to three times compared to conventional systems, while maintaining consistent performance. These advancements have transformed filtration from a basic maintenance component into a critical performance system.
Adapting to diverse operating conditions
The cement industry of India operates across diverse geographies. Spanning across regions with arid regions with higher dust levels, to the coastal areas with higher humidity, challenges of each region pose different threats to the engines. Modern filtration systems are thus tailored to address these unique challenges of each region.
Indian operating environments often range from 0°C to over 50°C, with some of the highest dust loads globally in mining zones.
Additionally, filtration technology can also be customised to variations which then align the system design with factors like dust load, temperature, and equipment usage patterns. Equipment utilisation levels in India are typically higher than global averages, making robust filtration even more critical. This approach ensures optimal performance and durability across different operational contexts.
Impact on total cost of ownership
Filtration has a direct and measurable impact on the total cost of ownership of equipment.
Effective filtration leads to:
• Lower wear and tear on critical components
• Reduced maintenance and repair costs
• Improved fuel efficiency
• Extended equipment life
• Higher operational uptime
Effective filtration can extend engine life by 20 to 30 per cent and reduce overall maintenance costs by 15 to 25 per cent over the equipment lifecycle. These benefits collectively enhance productivity and reduce lifecycle costs. Conversely, inadequate filtration can result in frequent breakdowns, increased maintenance expenditure, and reduced asset utilisation.
Building a more efficient cement ecosystem
With the rising demand across various sectors, the cement industry is expected to expand at an unprecedented rate. This growth is forcing the production to move towards a more efficient and resilient system of operations. This requires attention not only to production technologies but also to the supporting systems that enable consistent performance. Filtration must be viewed as a strategic investment rather than a routine consumable. By ensuring the cleanliness of air and fluids across systems, it supports reliability, efficiency, and sustainability.
The road ahead
The future of cement logistics will be shaped by increasing mechanisation, digital monitoring, and stricter environmental standards. The industry is also witnessing a shift towards predictive maintenance and condition monitoring, where filtration performance is increasingly integrated with real-time equipment diagnostics.
In this evolving landscape, the role of filtration will become even more critical. As equipment becomes more advanced and operating conditions more demanding, the need for precise contamination control will continue to grow. From quarry to construction site, filtration technology underpins the performance of every critical system. It enables equipment to operate efficiently, reduces operational risks, and supports the industry’s broader goals of growth and sustainability. In many ways, it is the unseen force that keeps the cement ecosystem moving, quietly ensuring that every link in the value chain performs as expected.
About the author
Niranjan Kirloskar, Managing Director, Fleetguard Filters, is focused on driving innovation, operational excellence, and long-term business growth through strategic and people-centric leadership. With a strong foundation in ethics and forward-thinking decision-making, he champions a culture of collaboration, accountability, and technological advancement.
Dalmia Bharat Acquires Jaiprakash Associates Cement Assets for ₹2,850 Crore
30-Day Traffic Diversion In Place For CC Road Works In Madhapur
HeidelbergCement India Receives Consent For Khandwa Grinding Unit
PROMECON introduces infrared-based tertiary air measurement system for cement kilns
Adani Group To Set Up Cement Factory In Madhya Pradesh
Dalmia Bharat Acquires Jaiprakash Associates Cement Assets for ₹2,850 Crore
30-Day Traffic Diversion In Place For CC Road Works In Madhapur
HeidelbergCement India Receives Consent For Khandwa Grinding Unit
PROMECON introduces infrared-based tertiary air measurement system for cement kilns

