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The Future Looks Green

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Green Cement is no longer a distant thing, it is a concrete reality. As the Indian cement industry marches towards its net zero target, Dr Hitesh Sukhwal, Head – Environment, Udaipur Cement Works, gives an in-depth analysis of green cement and what the future holds for sustainability in cement manufacturing.

India is the second largest cement producing country in the world, after China, both in quality and technology. Indian cement plants are today the most energy efficient and environment friendly. The Indian cement industry is a frontrunner for implementing significant technology measures to ensure a greener future. The cement industry is an energy intensive and significant contributor to climate change. Cement production contributes greenhouse gasses directly and indirectly into the atmosphere through calcination and use of fossil fuels in an energy form. The industry believes in a circular economy by utilising alternative fuels and raw materials for making cement. Cement companies are focusing on major areas of energy efficiency by adoption of technology measures, clinker substitution by alternative raw material for cement making (blended cement), alternative fuels and green and clean energy resources. Cement industries are putting efforts on energy saving, reducing clinker factor (through blended cement) and CO2 footprint. All these efforts are being done for making green cement towards environment protection and a sustainable future.

Making Green Cement
While we talk about the carbon negative cement manufacturing process, our thrust is on green cement manufacturing. For cement industries, green is not a green cement in colour. It is a sustainable eco-friendly cement that can reduce the carbon footprint of cement production. The rise of blended cement, by utilising fly ash 30-35 per cent in Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) and slag 60-65 per cent in Portland Slag Cement (PSC), has made the cement green, which helps to reduce clinker factor and resultant minimise carbon footprint. The production of cement is estimated to rise over 600 million tonnes per annum by the year 2025. The Government of India has committed to five pledges called ‘Panchamrit’ at the COP26 summit.

  1. Reach net zero emission target by the year 2070.
  2. Installing non fossil fuel 500 GW electricity capacity by the year 2030.
  3. Generate half of all energy requirements by the year 2030 from renewable energy sources 4. Reduce emissions by 1 billion tonnes from now to 2030.
  4. Reduce emission intensity of GDP by 45 per cent by the year 2030.
    The cement industries are a top source of carbon dioxide emissions generation through fuel as well as electricity consumption. Pressure for the cement industry to minimize carbon emissions has increased rapidly from investors and government, both. Cement industries are looking forward to various options to decarbonise cement through the decarbonisation road map.
    Followings are considered for low carbon technology road map:
  5. Energy efficiency measures
  6. Reduction of clinker factor through product mix (slag, fly ash, pozzolana and others)
  7. Generation of more power from waste heat recovery system
  8. Circular economy – utilisation of alternative fuel and raw materials (RDF, hazardous waste, etc)
  9. Use of renewable energy sources like solar and wind power
  10. Use biomass as an alternative fuel
  11. Modernisation/upgradation of manufacturing process
  12. Green supply chain: eco labelling, green sourcing, optimising transport routes and mode of transport (like railway, green fuel etc.)
  13. Technological innovation: carbon capture, use and storage technologies
  14. Carbon sequestration
    Most of the cement plants have already implemented the above top seven points and minimised their carbon emissions. To reduce carbon emissions, the cement industry requires a large scale of investments on technologies for maintaining a low carbon technology road map.

Types of Green Cement

  1. Portland Pozzolana Cement (PP) – IS:1489-2015 (Part-I): Fly ash
  2. Portland Pozzolana Cement (PP) – IS:1489-2015 (Part-II): Calcined Clay
  3. Portland Slag Cement (PSC) – IS:455-2015
  4. Composite Cement – IS:16415-2015
  5. Sulphate Resisting Portland Cement – IS:12330-1988
  6. Super Sulphated Cement – IS:6909-1990
  7. Portland Limestone Cement (PLC)
  8. Portland Composite Cement (PCC)
  9. Portland Dolomitic Limestone Cement (PDC)
  10. Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3)
  11. Reactive Belite reach Portland Cement (RBPC)
  12. Geopolymer Cement

Advantages of Green Cement

  1. It has potential to bring down carbon emission near about 80 per cent lower than the production of traditional cement.
  2. Best in construction for green building – acid resistance and lower atmospheric heat.
  3. Low chloride permeability as compared to OPC.
  4. Requires less amount of energy during manufacturing.
  5. Green cement is economically and environmentally friendly.
  6. Green cement reduces air and land pollution.
  7. High tensile strength and higher resistance to chemical corrosion.
  8. Low water demand thus water conservation.
  9. Natural resource conservation.
  10. Boost a circular economy.
    The analysis results from the above table, the performance of blended cement was observed better than OPC concrete excluding resistance against carbonation. Concrete made with PPC, PSC and composite cement has a longer service life as compared to OPC concrete in an aggressive environment.

Environmental Benefits of Green Cement
To analyse the environmental impacts of blended cement, various research is being performed by national and international agencies. In blended cement, as the clinker factor is reduced, the corresponding requirements of limestone, additives, coal and electrical energy for production of blended cement will be reduced proportionately. In PPC, PSC and composite cement, the clinker factor is reduced to 65 per cent, 40 per cent and 45 per cent respectively.
As per Indian standard specification IS: 455-2015, GBFS can be used in the range of 25-70 per cent in the PSC. Indian cement industries utilise about 92 per cent of granulated slag generated by the different steel plants. Currently, India produces approximately 25 million tonnes of blast furnace slag out of which 22 million tonnes of slag is granulated. At present, an average of 57 per cent (by weight) of GBFS is used in PSC in India1.
Fly ash is being used by the cement industry as a pozzolanic material in manufacturing of PPC. It saves both precious limestone and coal. The utilisation of fly ash in manufacturing of cement is a high value-added use. Fly ash conforming to standard IS: 3812 (1) 2013 can be used (up to 35 per cent maximum) in the manufacture of PPC as per IS: 1489 (part 1) 2015. The enhanced use of fly ash in PPC results in the reduction of clinker factor in cement, followed by lessened CO2 emissions through decreased fuel combustion and limestone calcination1.
In blended cement, while the clinker factor is reduced in PPC, PSC and composite cement, it will not only help to prevent land pollution due to increasing production of such types of high-volume industrial waste but also reduce corresponding direct emission of carbon dioxide.

Challenges
In the near future, as other industrial sectors are also having a decarbonise target, fly ash and slag from energy and steel industries could be in shorter supply as clinker substitutes. Biomass supply varies by region to region therefore its availability for utilisation as an alternative fuel could be a costly affair. The use of alternative fuels in the cement industry is growing rapidly to increase the Thermal Substitution Rate (TSR). The industry is now working towards TSR of 25 per cent by 2025 and 30 per cent by 2030 (CMA 2020 data). A region wise inventorisation of alternative fuel (like MSW, biomass, industrial byproduct, hazardous waste), which has high calorific value, is an urgent requirement. Moreover, there are several challenges associated like the segregation of MSW, collection of biomass, handling of hazardous waste etc.
Although the leading cement companies in India accepted the goal to achieve Net Zero target by 2050. However, carbon emission from calcination of limestone (process emissions) is still one of the biggest challenges for the cement industry. Here, technological innovations like carbon capture, use and storage (CCUS) and carbon sink require more R&D for mitigation of carbon dioxide emission, and hence for making more green cement.

Green is the Future
Green cement is the future of the cement industry and best for the environment. If we can reduce the clinker factor, it would reduce the significant amount of carbon emission during cement making. Besides manufacturing of PPC, PSC and Composite Cement, the cement industry is now doing R&D on PLC. The Indian cement industry is playing a catalytic role in natural resource conservation and boosting the circular economy. For making cement, utilisation of other industrial waste as an alternative fuel and raw material, adopting renewable energy sources, green procurement and supply chain management – all these efforts are put by cement industries for green cement production.
The use of PPC and PSC is permitted by national and international standards/specifications including most government bodies1. The partial replacement of clinker, which is an expensive component of cement as well as resource, energy and emission intensive, can be ground with these additives (like pozzolana and granulated blast furnace slag) to improve the sustainability of the material. Most importantly, the performance of cement can be improved through this replacement. The use of PPC conforming to requirement of IS:1489 in substructures of bridges is already permitted by the Ministry of Railways, Railway Board, Government of India.
In India, the production of OPC is continuously declining, with simultaneous increase in production of blended cements like PPC, PSC and composite cement based on granulated blast furnace slag and fly ash. Other cement formulations such as PLC and limestone calcined clay cement are also at different stages of development in India. At present, blended cements have a greater share (73 per cent) in comparison to OPC (27 per cent) of the total cement production. Blended cements provide the means to reduce the clinker factor even further soon, without a compromise on economy and safety1.

References

  1. Global Cement and Concrete Association – Blended Cement, Green, Durable and Sustainable – 2022

ABOUT THE AUTHOR:
Dr Hitesh Sukhwal is the Head – Environment at JK Lakshmi Cement
. He is the Environment Coordinator for the North-West region units. He has MSc and PhD degrees in Environmental Sciences from Mohanlal Sukhadia University. His area of expertise is environment legislation.

Concrete

The primary high-power applications are fans and mills

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Alex Nazareth, Whole-time Director and CEO, Innomotics India, explains how plants can achieve both cost competitiveness and sustainability by lowering emissions, reducing downtime and planning for significant power savings.

As one of the most energy-intensive industries, cement manufacturing faces growing pressure to optimise power consumption, reduce emissions and improve operational reliability. Technology providers like Innomotics India are enabling this transformation by combining advanced motors, AI-driven digital solutions and intelligent monitoring systems that enhance process stability and reduce energy costs. From severe duty motors built for extreme kiln environments to DigiMine AI solutions that optimise pyro and mill operations, Alex Nazareth, Whole-time Director and CEO, Innomotics India, explains how the company is helping cement plants achieve measurable energy savings while moving closer to their sustainability goals.

How does your Energy Performance Contracting model typically reduce power consumption in cement plants—e.g., MWh saved?
Our artificial intelligence-based DigiMine AI Pyro and Mill solutions developed specifically for the cement industry, supports our customers in improving their process stability, productivity and process efficiency. In Pyro, this is achieved by optimising fuel consumption (Coal / AFR), reducing Specific Heat Consumption and reduction in emissions (CO2, SOx and NOx) through continuous monitoring of thermodynamics in pyro and recommending set-points of crucial parameters in advance for maintaining stable operations.
Within the mill, this is achieved by improving throughput, reduce energy / power consumption and maintaining stable operations on a continuous basis. Our ROI-based value proposition captures the project KPIs like reduction of coal usage, increase of AFR, reduction of specific heat consumption (Kcal / Kg), reduction of specific power consumption (KWH / tonne), reduction of emissions, etc., by a specific percentage. This gives clarity to our customers to understand the investment vis-à-vis savings and estimate the recovery time of their investment, which typically is achieved within one year of DigiMine AI Pyro and Mill solutions implementation.

What role do digitalisation and motor monitoring play in overall plant energy optimisation?
Motors are being used extensively in cement production, and their monitoring play crucial role in ensuring continuous operation of applications. The monitoring system can automatically generate alerts for any anomaly / abnormalities in motor parameters, which allows plant team to take corrective actions and avoid any major equipment damage and breakdown. The alerts help maintenance team to plan maintenance schedule and related activity efficiently. Centralised and organised data gives overview to the engineers for day-to-day activities. Cement is amongst the top energy intensive industries in comparison to other industries. Hence, it becomes critically important to optimise efficiency, productivity and up-time of plant equipment. Motor monitoring and digitalisation plays a vital role in it. Monitoring and control of multiple applications and areas
within the plant or multiple plants becomes possible with digitalisation.
Digitalisation adds a layer on top of OT systems, bringing machine and process data onto a single interface. This solves the challenges such as system silo, different communications protocol, databases and most importantly, creates a common definition and measurement to plant KPIs. Relevant stakeholders, such as engineers, head of departments and plant heads, can see accurate information, analyse it and make better decisions with appropriate timing. In doing so, plant teams can take proactive actions before machine breakdown, enable better coordination during maintenance activities while improving operational efficiency and productivity.
Further using latest technologies like Artificial Intelligence can even assist operators in running their plant with minimal requirement of human intervention, which allows operators to utilise their time in focusing on more critical topics like analysing data to identify further improvements in operation.

Which of your high-efficiency IEC low-voltage motors deliver the best energy savings for cement mills or fans?
Innomotics India offers a range of IEC-compliant low-voltage motors engineered to deliver superior performance and energy savings, particularly for applications such as cement mills, large fans, and blowers. Innomotics has the complete range of IE4 motors from 0.37kW to 1000kW to meet the demands of cement industry. The IE5 range is also available for specific requirements.

Can safe area motors operate safely and efficiently in cement kiln environments?
Yes, safe area motors are designed to operate reliably in these environments without the risk of overheating. These motors have ingress protection that prevents dust, moisture ingress and can withstand mechanical stress. These motors are available in IE3 / IE4 efficiency classes thereby ensuring lower energy consumption during continuous operation. These motors comply with relevant Indian as well as international standards.

How do your SD Severe Duty motors contribute to lower emissions and lower cost in heavy duty cement applications?
Severe duty motors enhances energy efficiency and durability in demanding cement applications, directly contributing to lower emissions and operational costs. With high-efficiency ratings (such as IE3 or better), they reduce power consumption, minimising CO2 output from energy use. Their robust design handles extreme heat, dust and vibration—common in cement environments—ensuring reliable performance and fewer energy losses.
These motors also lower the total cost of ownership by reducing downtime, maintenance and replacement frequency. Their extended service life and minimal performance degradation help cement plants meet sustainability targets, comply with emissions regulations and improve overall energy management—all while keeping production consistent and cost-effective.

What pump, fan or compressor drive upgrades have shown approximately 60 per cent energy savings in industrial settings and can be replicated in cement plants?
In the cement industry, the primary high-power applications are fans and mills. Among these, fans have the greatest potential for energy savings. Examples, the pre-heater fan, bag house fan, and cooler fans. When there are variations in airflow or the need to maintain a constant pressure in a process, using a variable speed drive (VSD) system is a more effective option for starting and controlling these fans. This adaptive approach can lead to significant energy savings. For instance, vanes and dampers can remain open while the variable frequency drive and motor system manage airflow regulation efficiently.

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We conduct regular internal energy audits

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Shaping the future of low-carbon cement production involves integrating renewables, digitalisation and innovative technologies. Uma Suryam, SVP and Head Manufacturing – Northern Region, Nuvoco Vistas, gives us a detailed account of how.

In an industry where energy consumption can account for a significant portion of operating costs, cement manufacturers are under increasing pressure to adopt sustainable practices without compromising efficiency. Nuvoco Vistas has taken a decisive step in this direction, leveraging digitalisation, renewable energy and innovative technologies to drive energy efficiency across its operations. In this exclusive conversation, Uma Suryam, SVP and Head Manufacturing – Northern Region, Nuvoco Vistas, shares its approach to energy management, challenges of modernising brownfield plants and its long-term roadmap to align efficiency with India’s net-zero vision.

How has your company improved energy efficiency over the past five years?
Over the past five years, we have prioritised energy conservation by enhancing operational efficiency and scaling up renewable energy adoption. Through strategic fuel mix optimisation, deployment of cleaner technologies, and greater integration of renewables, we have steadily reduced our environmental footprint while meeting energy needs sustainably.
Technological upgrades across our plants have further strengthened efficiency. These include advanced process control systems, enhanced trend analysis, grinding media optimisation and the integration of solar-powered utilities. Importantly, grid integration at our key plants has delivered significant cost savings and streamlined energy management.
A notable milestone has been the expansion of our solar power capacity and Waste Heat Recovery Systems (WHRS). Our solar power capacity has grown from 1.5 MW in FY 2021–22 to 5.5 MW, while our WHRS capacity has increased from 44.7 MW to 49 MW, underscoring our commitment to sustainable energy solutions.

What technologies or practices have shown the highest energy-saving potential in cement production?
One of our most significant achievements in advancing energy efficiency has been the successful commissioning of a 132 KV Grid Integration Project, which unified three of our major manufacturing units under a single power network. This milestone, enabled by a dedicated transmission line and a state-of-the-art Line-In Line-Out (LILO) substation, has transformed our energy management and operational capabilities.
With this integration, we have substantially reduced our contract demand, eliminated power disruptions, and enhanced operational continuity. Supported by an optical fibre network for real-time communication and automation, this project stands as a testament to our innovation-led manufacturing excellence and underscores Nuvoco’s vision of building a safer, smarter, and sustainable world.

What role does digitalisation play in achieving energy efficiency in your operations?
Digitalisation plays a transformative role in driving energy efficiency across our operations. At Nuvoco, we are leveraging cutting-edge technologies and advanced digital tools to enhance productivity, optimise energy consumption and strengthen our commitment to sustainability and employee safety.
We are developing AI-enabled dashboards to optimise WHRS and kiln operations, ensuring maximum efficiency. Additionally, our advanced AI models evaluate multiple operational parameters — including fuel pricing, moisture content and energy output — to identify the most cost-effective fuel combinations in real time. These initiatives are enabling data-driven decision-making, improving operational excellence and reducing our environmental footprint.

What is your long-term strategy for aligning energy efficiency with decarbonisation goals?
As part of India’s climate action agenda, the cement sector has laid out a clear decarbonisation roadmap to achieve net-zero CO2 emissions by 2070. At Nuvoco, we view this as both a responsibility and an opportunity to redefine the future of sustainable construction. Our long-term strategy focuses on aligning energy efficiency with decarbonisation goals by embracing innovative technologies, alternative raw materials and renewable energy solutions.
We are making strategic investments to scale up solar power installations and enhance our renewable energy mix significantly by 2028. These initiatives are a key part of our broader vision to reduce Scope 2 emissions and strengthen our contribution to India’s net-zero journey, while continuing to deliver innovative and sustainable solutions to our customers.

How do you measure and benchmark energy performance across different plants?
We adopt a comprehensive approach to measure and benchmark energy performance across our plants. Key metrics include Specific Heat Consumption (kCal/kg of clinker) and Specific Power Consumption (kWh/tonne of cement), which are continuously tracked against Best Available Technology (BAT) benchmarks, industry peers and global standards such as the WBCSD-CSI and CII benchmarks.
To ensure consistency and drive improvements, we conduct regular internal energy audits, leverage real-time dashboards and implement robust KPI tracking systems. These tools enable us to compare performance across plants effectively, identify optimisation opportunities and set actionable targets for energy efficiency and sustainability.

What are the key challenges in adopting energy-efficient equipment in brownfield cement plants?
Adopting energy-efficient technologies in brownfield cement plants presents a unique set of challenges due to the constraints of working within existing infrastructure. Firstly, the high capital expenditure and relatively long payback periods often require careful evaluation before investments are made. Additionally, integrating new technologies with legacy equipment can be complex, requiring significant customisation to ensure seamless compatibility and performance.
Another major challenge is minimising production disruptions during installation. Since brownfield plants are already operational, upgrades must be planned meticulously to avoid affecting output. In many cases, space constraints in older facilities add to the difficulty of accommodating advanced equipment without compromising existing layouts.
At Nuvoco, we address these challenges through a phased implementation approach, detailed project planning and by fostering a culture of innovation and collaboration across our plants. This helps us balance operational continuity with our commitment to driving energy efficiency and sustainability.

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Concrete

Enlight Metals Supplies 3,200 Tonne of Steel for Navi Mumbai Airport

The airport is set to become Asia’s largest air connectivity hub.

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Enlight Metals has supplied 3,200 metric tonne of steel for the newly inaugurated Navi Mumbai International Airport, marking a major contribution to one of India’s largest infrastructure projects and reinforcing the company’s commitment to supporting national development.

The Navi Mumbai International Airport, developed under a Public-Private Partnership led by the Adani Group, was inaugurated today by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The airport is set to become Asia’s largest air connectivity hub, enhancing regional connectivity, boosting economic growth, and expanding trade opportunities. Prime Minister Modi described the project as a “glimpse of Viksit Bharat,” highlighting its transformative impact on infrastructure and development in the region.

“The supply of 3,200 metric tonne of steel for this key project aligns with our focus on supporting critical infrastructure development through reliable and timely metal sourcing. Enlight Metals is committed to enhancing transparency and efficiency in the steel supply chain, contributing to projects integral to India’s growth objectives,” said Vedant Goel, Director, Enlight Metals.

Enlight Metals has implemented technology-driven solutions to strengthen supply chain efficiency, ensuring consistent availability of construction materials for large-scale projects nationwide. Its contribution to the Navi Mumbai International Airport underscores the company’s growing role in supporting India’s infrastructure development initiatives.

This milestone reflects Enlight Metals’ ongoing engagement in delivering quality materials and timely services for major national projects, further cementing its position as a reliable partner in India’s infrastructure sector

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