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Waste Heat Utilisation is now a proven technology

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Sanjay Kumar Khandelwal, Head – Power Plants, JK Cement, shares details about the working of waste heat recovery systems (WHRS) and its benefits, while elaborating on the efforts undertaken by his company to become energy-efficient.

What are the alternative or renewable sources of energy used by your organisation for the process of cement manufacturing?
At JK Cement, we are at the forefront of our sustainability journey. To achieve our clean energy targets, the alternative renewable energy sources used by our organisation are solar plants, wind energy, hydel energy, biomass and waste heat recovery systems (WHRS). The use of alternative fuels and raw material (AFR) to substitute fossil fuels has also been initiated.
We have installed WHRS with all the kilns except one kiln which we are planning to install in FY 22-23. In FY21 our Green Power Mix was 25 per cent and we are working to increase it to 75 per cent by FY 2030.
We started our AFR journey in FY 2013-14 with a very small quantity and now we have achieved a TSR of 6.5 per cent in FY 2020-21. We are proud to share that we have achieved a TSR of 20 per cent at one of our plants. To achieve the TSR target of 35 per cent we have made huge investments for installation of shredder, covered storage shed and feeding arrangement for both solid and liquid waste, refuse derived fuel (RDF), plastic waste etc. Further, to overcome the operational challenges we are installing chlorine bypass, an outside burning system and more shredders are also in the pipeline. For the supply side, we have recently signed a MoU with PRESPL for the supply of biofuel and biomass to achieve the proposed TSR target of 35 per cent

When did your organisation install the WHRS in cement plants and what were the key considerations taken into account while doing the same?
The first WHRS with a capacity of 13.2 MW was commissioned in 2008 at JK Cement Works, Nimbahera. Recently in our plant at Mangrol, we upgraded the capacity to 29.1 MW from 10 MW after the installation of Kiln-3. Our objective was to generate power without any additional fuels, maximise utilisation of waste heat generated from kiln operations, minimise heat losses into the environment and finally minimise water consumption.

What was the energy consumption of the plant prior to the system and how has that changed post installation?
Installation of WHRS plays a major role in not only reducing the overall energy consumption cost but also the requirement of other available non-renewable energy resources. This has resulted in minimising the Grid and CPP as a result of implementing WHRS to meet our energy requirements. Apart from that, regular monitoring of WHRS parameters and process optimisation is being done on a regular basis to recuperate maximum heat from the system so as to generate maximum power and to keep the WHRS system efficient.

How does the process of waste heat recovery work? What is the technology used by your organisation for its functionality and monitoring?
WHRS works on the thermal Rankine Cycle concept. Steam (hot gases) emitted from the preheater exit as well as clinker cooler from the Kiln operations, enters into the WHRS system. The steam then passes through the turbine to further the power generation process.
In order to ensure that our power generation is as efficient as possible, we have adopted the best operating and maintenance practices. This includes operating from a central control room using a state-of-the-art PLC-based operating system while keeping manual intervention to a minimum. We also compare the actual results with the design and the best data on a daily basis, making any adjustments necessary in real-time besides conducting regular system audits to ensure the efficiency of our WHRS.

On an average, energy cost is around 40 per cent of the production cost for cement manufacturing. What is the impact of the waste heat recovery system on the energy cost of the cement plant?
WHRS utilises hot gases emitted both from preheater as well as clinker cooler to generate power without the usage of any additional fuel. In other words, we are able to generate power without utilising any fossil fuels; which not only reduces overall carbon footprints but also restricts hot gases from entering into the atmosphere. This system results in reducing the overall cost of production by reducing overall power consumption cost followed by a reduction in cost through optimum power mix (maximum usage of WHRS and renewable power sources and least usage of grid and CPP power) through effective power management.

The WHRS is a major contributor towards reducing the carbon footprint. Tell us about its impact and support in achieving the decarbonising goals of the cement industry.
WHRS utilises hot gases emitted both from preheater as well as clinker cooler to generate power without the usage of any additional fuel. In other words, we are able to generate power without utilising any fossil fuels; which not only reduces the overall carbon footprint but also restricts hot gases from entering into the atmosphere.
This system results in reducing the overall cost of production by reducing our power consumption cost followed by a reduction in cost through optimum power mix and through effective power management.

What other technological or automation advancements can contribute towards making the process of cement manufacturing energy optimised?
To name a few: VFD installation, PID-based automation, low DP control valve installation, high energy efficient fans, high efficient motors, PF improvement system, cross country belt conveyors for material conveying, installation of horizontal roller press (HRP) mills with lower specific energy consumption, high efficiency cooler, lower pressure drop preheater, high efficiency latest motors, mechanical conveying in place of pneumatic conveying, replacement of reciprocating compressors with screw compressors, automation of compressed air pressure as per requirement with installation of controller, adopting drip irrigations to conserve water, regular audits etc, can all go a long way in improving and optimising cement manufacturing process.     

Are there any specific researches taken in the direction of finding more alternative sources of energy that have a lower impact on the environment?
At a global level, to extract heat at a low temperature range, Organic Rankine Cycle based power generation, Vapour Absorption Machine, water heating and the use of CPP are some of the latest developments, which contribute a lot in reducing the carbon footprint. However, this requires very high capital investments.
The use of green hydrogen as an alternative fuel, electrification of clinkering process, use of concentrated solar energy for producing clinker are the fields that can be explored that has the potential to lower environmental impact

How do you foresee the future of energy consumption in the cement manufacturing process and its impact on the end product cost?
World energy demand is expected to increase by 35 per cent by 2030 as developing nations have to modernise and expand their economic output. This creates a near impossible scenario for secure, low carbon energy supplies to keep pace with this demand. So, the need of the hour is to be 3 times more energy efficient!
In today’s scenario, the cement industry is becoming more and more energy efficient not only through its process optimisation but also by adopting newer technologies. Waste Heat Utilisation is now a proven technology and has become an integral part of the cement manufacturing process. AFR is another viable option that has the potential to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels. This can not only help in reducing carbon footprint but also improve cost economics besides reducing environmental impact. Other industry wastes like slag, red-mud, zinc waste etc. and hazardous wastes along with biomass are also being used.
Chemical gypsum and similar alternative raw materials are also being used in the cement process. This has not only made the manufacturing process energy efficient but has also optimised the end product cost. However, other factors like increasing fuel and raw materials cost, manpower, overheads, logistics and mining cost etc. are major concerns that can increase the end-product cost, therefore, nullifying the effect of optimisation and energy efficiency.
With a strong focus on AFR usage, the challenge that we face is in terms of its availability, utilisation, economic and technical feasibility. This also requires creating an ecosystem that supports its adoption. Therefore, regulatory authorities need to come forward and help take this to the level that has been achieved by developed countries.

-Kanika Mathur

Concrete

Digital integration will be the unifying theme

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Manoj Taneja, Head – India, Fuller Technologies, makes the case that digital integration, advanced process control, and alternative fuel adoption are converging to redefine how cement plants pursue efficiency and decarbonisation.

As India’s cement industry navigates the twin pressures of rapid capacity expansion and tightening emissions standards, the conversation around plant performance is shifting from isolated equipment upgrades to integrated, data-driven strategies. Manoj Taneja, Head – India at Fuller Technologies, brings a whole-flowsheet perspective to this challenge as he outlines how producers at every stage of their sustainability journey can align operational excellence with decarbonisation goals.

How is Fuller Technologies helping cement plants improve efficiency across the entire production value chain?
Efficiency in cement manufacturing is rarely a single-lever problem. Energy losses accumulate at every stage of the process: addressing them effectively requires a view of the entire flowsheet and the expertise to act on what you see, which is where Fuller Technologies can offer a perspective that few others can. For producers investing in new capacity, the priority is getting the fundamentals right. Our core capital equipment is engineered to deliver energy efficiency and reliability: two things that are inseparable over a plant’s operating life. Meanwhile, at existing plants, targeted upgrades can deliver measurable gains in energy consumption and availability. Here in India, where producers are under pressure to improve efficiency, such upgrades matter enormously, with returns coming quickly.
Looking beyond equipment, our Online Reliability Services combine real-time monitoring with 24/7 access to our engineering expertise, providing early warning of failures and prioritised maintenance recommendations. Automation and digital solutions add a further dimension, enabling producers to extract more value from existing assets through better data and smarter decision-making. Lastly, we deliver training through the Fuller Institute, covering pyroprocess optimisation, mechanical maintenance, automation, and safety.

What are the biggest operational challenges cement manufacturers face today, and how can integrated technology solutions address them?
Rising energy costs remain a dominant financial burden. At the same time, emissions standards for NOx, SO2, particulates, and CO2 are likely to tighten further. A further challenge relates to skills. Even as plant processes become increasingly automated, skilled personnel remain essential, while new skills in areas such as data science are in growing demand across the economy.
Integrated technology solutions address these broad challenges at every level. Advanced process control is a prime example: our ECS/ProcessExpert® (PXP) software optimises key performance indicators across the plant, delivering documented reductions in energy consumption and increases in throughput. Meanwhile, our QCX® automated sampling and analysis systems close the loop between the lab and the process, cutting variability and out-of-spec production. Online condition monitoring and predictive maintenance complete the picture, shifting plants from costly reactive stoppages to planned interventions.

How are pyroprocessing and grinding innovations improving productivity and energy efficiency?
Persistent sources of unplanned downtime and energy loss in the pyroprocess have driven some of our most important equipment developments. Take the Cross-Bar® Cooler as an example, designed to deliver efficient heat recuperation with high uptime, or the ABC™ Cooler Inlet, which we developed specifically to eliminate snowman formation in clinker coolers, a problem that has caused stoppages for decades.
In grinding, wear management has become an increasingly important consideration, particularly when grinding harder materials such as slag, which is the rationale behind both our OK Pro+ ceramic wear segments and our TRIBOMAX® wear surfaces for hydraulic roller presses. Meanwhile, thinking across grinding and pyroprocessing can unlock further
savings: at Cemento PANAM, we designed a system to transfer excess heat 350 metres from the clinker cooler to the finish mills, eliminating the need for a separate hot-gas generator.

How are digitalisation and Industry 4.0 transforming plant performance, and in what ways can automation and advanced control systems help optimise quality, consistency and throughput?
At its heart, Industry 4.0 is the opportunity to create intelligent, connected systems that turn data into actionable insights, enabling real-time decision-making and continuous improvement that maximises productivity and profitability. This means ensuring the right information reaches the right people at the right time. Operators make better decisions, engineers spend less time gathering data and more time
acting on it, and management gains a clear picture of plant performance, accessible via mobile solutions from anywhere.
Advanced process control, such as PXP, takes this further by continuously monitoring process conditions, making fine adjustments, and flagging situations that require human intervention. The performance gains are well documented: we have measured reductions in specific heat consumption of 2 per cent to 5 per cent and kiln throughput improvements of 3 per cent to 8 per cent, alongside meaningful reductions in process variability.

What role do predictive maintenance and condition monitoring systems play in reducing downtime and improving asset life?
Unplanned failures are costly events. Take the kiln, for instance. A typical kiln is designed to run continuously for at least a year before a scheduled maintenance shutdown. Any unplanned stoppage during this period can lead to significant production losses and costly restart expenses.
Our Online Condition Monitoring Services (OCMS) aim to prevent such events. Multiple sensors transmit real-time data to our 24/7 Global Remote Service Centre, where specialists analyse the information using the latest digital tools and decades of experience, monitoring key indicators of equipment health.
The service delivers specific maintenance recommendations grounded in OEM understanding of the equipment, rather than generic alerts. Continuous infrared thermal imaging via our ECS/CemScanner™ kiln shell monitoring system adds another layer, tracking refractory conditions and cooling fan performance in real time. Across all monitored assets, the outcome is maintenance planned on actual conditions rather than fixed intervals, reducing OPEX, extending asset life, and eliminating unplanned stoppages.

How is the industry approaching sustainability, and what technologies are enabling lower emissions and alternative fuel adoption?
Our approach starts with optimisation. For example, the fuel and energy savings delivered by advanced process control compared to manual operation translate directly into lower specific CO2 emissions per tonne of clinker, making digitalisation as much a sustainability tool as a productivity one.
Alternative fuel substitution then offers an immediately actionable route to reducing fossil fuel dependency. The journey looks different for every producer. Some are taking their first steps with entry-level feeding and dosing solutions from Pfister®. Others are pushing high thermal substitution rates in the calciner using technologies such as our HOTDISC® Reactor and FUELFLEX® Pyrolyzer, or focusing on achieving elevated substitution levels in the kiln.
Our portfolio is designed to support producers at every stage, including technologies that address NOx emissions alongside fuel substitution. For supplementary cementitious materials, calcined clay represents one of the most significant near-term opportunities. Fuller now has two full commercial-scale installations in operation – at Vicat in France and at CBI in Ghana – demonstrating that this technology can deliver in real-world conditions.
The common thread is that decarbonisation and operational performance are not in conflict. The most energy-efficient plant is also, in most cases, the lowest-emitting one.

Fuller has made some significant investments in India recently. Can you tell us about your recent activities?
India is not just the home of many important customers but also of many of our team members. In January, we inaugurated our new office at Pacifica Tech Park in Chennai, celebrating the occasion with around 25 customers representing 15 cement groups. Our CEO, Dennis Cassidy, along with Chief Human Resources Officer Pam Turay and Brendan Hart from our new owners, Pacific Avenue Capital Partners, also joined us.
What strikes me is that cement plants want a partner who is present, invested and building for the long term, which is exactly what we intend to be. This commitment is reflected in the launch of a major training programme between the Fuller Institute and Adani Cement, covering 450 graduate and diploma engineers. The first mechanical maintenance course at ACC Wadi drew positive feedback from leadership and participating engineers.

What key technological trends will shape the future of cement manufacturing over the next decade?
AI and soft-sensor technology will close the data gaps that have historically constrained advanced process control. Our partnership with Imubit is already demonstrating this: AI-based soft sensors generate real-time predictions of hard-to-measure parameters, which feed directly into PXP, enabling precision optimisation that was previously impossible.
The adoption of alternative fuels and supplementary cementitious materials will continue to accelerate, and ultimately, carbon capture, utilisation, and storage technologies, tailored to plant conditions and needs, will enter commercial deployment to address the residual emissions that process and fuel improvements alone cannot eliminate.
Through it all, digital integration will be the unifying theme. The plants that thrive will be those that invest not just in point technologies but also in the data foundations and human capabilities needed to use them effectively. For producers here in India, navigating both rapid capacity expansion and increasing pressure to decarbonise, the ability to pursue productivity and sustainability simultaneously will be the defining competitive advantage of the next decade.

  • Kanika Mathur

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Concrete

Guna Cement Plant to Create 1,500 Jobs

Ambuja Cement to set up four million (mn) tonne plant in Guna

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Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Mohan Yadav laid the foundation stone for a four million tonne capacity cement plant at Mawan village in Guna district, about 10 km from the district headquarters. The factory, to be set up by Ambuja Cement of the Adani Group at a cost of Rs 10.59 billion, is expected to create 1,500 jobs. Officials said the event included a groundbreaking ceremony and local infrastructure works.

Yadav also inaugurated 144 development projects worth around Rs 1.3 billion and said the government would offer to acquire land from farmers at four times the market price to make them partners in development. He highlighted local produce such as coriander and roses as assets for economic renewal. Authorities said the measures aim to reduce delays and attract further investment.

Company officials said the plant will be developed in two phases, with the first phase targeted to be operational by 2028, and that total output would reach 4 million metric tonnes. The project was projected to add more than Rs 60 billion to the state treasury and to support ancillary industries and supply chains. Officials presented the factory as a catalyst for regional economic transformation and sustained employment.

Union minister Jyotiraditya Scindia welcomed the venture as part of the national agenda for a developed India by 2047 and credited state leadership for improving the investment climate. He set out expectations of new local jobs and cited plans for women centred units and sewing facilities, while noting that Adani would establish a defence unit with an investment of Rs 25 billion. Adani Group representatives said they would contribute to local infrastructure and thanked leaders for facilitating the project.

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Concrete

IHCL Posts Record Quarter And FY2026 Results

Consolidated revenue Rs 99.71 billion; PAT Rs 20.84 billion

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The Indian Hotels Company (IHCL) reported consolidated results for the fourth quarter and fiscal year to 31 March 2026. IHCL said the fourth quarter was the 16th consecutive quarter of record performance with consolidated revenue of Rs 28.45 billion, up 14 per cent year on year, and EBITDA of Rs 10.52 billion with an EBITDA margin of 37 per cent. For FY2026 the company reported consolidated revenue of Rs 99.71 billion, EBITDA of Rs 34.77 billion, an EBITDA margin of 34.9 per cent and PAT of Rs 20.84 billion. The board proposed a dividend at 25 per cent of consolidated PAT before exceptional items.

IHCL said its multi?brand strategy, a mix of asset light contracts and select investments, delivered broad based growth and operating leverage. The company noted a compound annual growth rate for FY23 to FY26 of 19 per cent for revenue, 21 per cent for EBITDA and 28 per cent for PAT before exceptional items. IHCL added three new brands this year and signed 250 hotels, building a portfolio of 630 hotels with a pipeline of 255 hotels and operating 373 hotels with over 33,000 rooms.

The standalone business reported revenue of Rs 56.40 billion for FY2026 driven by a RevPAR increase of 12 per cent in the fourth quarter, an EBITDA margin of 45.1 per cent and PAT of Rs 20.12 billion. IHCL said same store hotels delivered RevPAR growth of nine per cent and management fee income rose 22 per cent to Rs 6.85 billion. New businesses and airline and institutional catering grew strongly, the latter recording revenue of Rs 12.19 billion.

IHCL reported investments of over Rs 10.00 billion across greenfield projects, key asset renovations and digital initiatives and completed majority stake acquisitions in several hospitality businesses to strengthen future revenue streams. The company finished the year with a gross cash balance of Rs 43.45 billion and said its credit rating was upgraded to AAA+ by ICRA. IHCL also highlighted brand recognitions that reinforced its market positioning.

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