Concrete
Ignore at Your Own Peril
Published
3 years agoon
By
admin
ICR looks at the impact of various methods such as use of alternative fuel and raw materials, tackling the emissions issue and encouraging carbon capture in a bid to make green cement and progress towards Net Zero goals.
The analytical journey is long past its prime when it comes to diagnosing the emission problem pertaining to cement and concrete. There is no denying the fact that the problem is too big.
If concrete was a country, it would be the biggest production centre as all other commodities put together will not even come close to the 30 billion tonnes of concrete that the world produces every year. If cement was a country, it would be the third highest emitter of CO2 in the world. But the efforts have been to find an approach that would force corporations to either limit and progressively reduce over time the impact on the environment through a slew of measures directed at reducing the carbon footprint of cement.
The chart attached shows the distribution of the CO2 emission based on the processing steps for making cement from limestone.
United efforts
The last five years has seen acceleration in the efforts towards finding significant pathways for reducing carbon footprint in cement production around the world. The progress on substantial reduction has been positive with concentration in the following areas:
- Focus on Calcination Emission: Reducing clinkering by adding alternative materials that can replace clinker
- Focus on Fossil Fuel Emission: Efficiency improvement in a number of areas that reduce the use of fossil fuels per unit of cement output, together with the use of alternative fuel.
Under the first category, we see a rise in the use of fly ash from the coal-based power plants that replace clinker during grinding and the percentage increase in the last five years on this count would be around 2 per cent (31 per cent moving to 33 per cent with the balance being clinker). Alternatively, the use of blast furnace slag has seen a rise of 5 per cent (50 per cent moving to 55 per cent with the balance being clinker). Both of these actions have taken the total CO2 emission to 860 kg per tonne for some of the best operating plants of the world.
The challenges for the future in this regard is that fly ash will remain a constantly depleting resource as all fresh investments into coal fired power plants are scrutinised and it is most likely that the current generation of fly ash will not move up in the coming years. This poses some challenges for the future as the emission pathways that consider use of fly ash as a potential lever for replacing clinker would have to find new pathways as a countermeasure. The use of blast furnace slag also has the same problem brewing at large as steel production is slated for overall sustainability improvement measures, which ordains reduced output of blast furnace slag as a definitive measure.
Tackling the emissions issue
This leaves the focus on alternative use of other non-fossil fuels for producing cement, where the actual progress is almost entirely hinged on renewable sources producing electricity that would be used for clinkerisation as well as for grinding. While the latter has progressed well, the former is still at a stage where a handful of cement units have signed up for the alternative technology in kilns.
Most of the technologies so far have progressed little towards solving the real issue of emission stemming from the clinkerisation process itself, as the molecular structure change from limestone to clinker involves generation of CO2 quite inevitably. The solutions therefore looked at ways of capturing carbon from the emission process, somewhat similar to the photo-synthesis process in plants as Professor Dr Aldo Seinfeld from ETH Zürich has shown. However, the progress is still at a laboratory scale and to find an economic solution will still take some time. For example, most cement kilns today produce close to 2.5 million tonnes of clinker and the sizing is only moving up, which means the amount of CO2 generation from these kilns per year would be close to 2 million tonnes. To get CO2 capturing systems to scale up to these levels would need many years.
Putting carbon to good use
The question is how can we help to scale up the capacity to sequester and store carbon from the emissions from cement kilns? The problem needs to be approached scientifically to make the process economical, which is where the current focus is. But more than the laboratories where this progress is well grounded, we need the cement corporations to set aside funds for investments that need to be made for all future kilns that have the provisions for carbon capture.
The next question is to look at how the stored carbon can be put to use in production of concrete? This requires more than the usual scientific research, as the supply chain of concrete making must factor in ways and means of finding pathways for using stored carbon in the concrete making. The Economist reports that companies like CarbonCure, a Canadian firm, are doing this. They have fitted equipment, which injects CO2 into ready-mixed concrete to more than 400 plants around the world. Its system has been used to construct buildings that include a new campus in Arlington, Virginia, for Amazon, an online retailer (and also a shareholder in CarbonCure), and an assembly plant for electric vehicles, for General Motors in Spring Hill, Tennessee.
Piloting new technologies
One of the other areas of focus has been to find an alternative route to clinkerisation that is based on electricity.
Calix, based in Sydney, Australia, is working on an electrically powered system, which heats the limestone indirectly, from the outside of the kiln rather than the inside. That enables pure CO2 to be captured without having to clean up combustion gases from fuel burnt inside the kiln—so, if the electricity itself came from green sources, the resulting cement would be completely green.
A pilot plant using this technology has run successfully as part of a European Union research project on a site in Belgium operated by Heidelberg Cement, a German firm that is one of the world’s biggest cement-makers. A larger demonstration plant is due to open in 2023, in Hanover, to help scale up the technology.
Almost all of this would need sacrifice from many stakeholders, as the cost of making cement and concrete will rise as investments have to be made in new technology. Bill Gates’ book, ‘How to Avoid a Climate Disaster,’ projected an increase of the cement making cost from the current $125 per tonne to a range of $219 to $300 if the CO2 emissions have to be taken care of for achieving Net Zero. However, the price of cement is already much above $125 per tonne even without factoring any of the carbon capture and sequestration measures, so the real rise could be much more.
A community of stakeholders, starting with the corporation making cement, the community near the cement kilns, the customers, the suppliers and the government, all have a role to play to find a solution how this increase in costs would have to be borne and distributed. Carbon taxes have always been the time-tested path to decarbonisation. Stringent use of taxes as a potent tool has seen better progress, especially in Europe, where some serious progress has happened. Recycling of cement from the demolition waste is one great example.
The best example of coordination and collaboration is captured in the initiatives of the world’s largest kiln near Wuhan, where one would witness how the city municipality came forward to proactively recycle the entire city municipal waste into the kiln of the cement unit situated on the Yangtze river. The waste is transported by barges and through a pipeline taken directly into the cement kiln. Such collaboration could replace the hard stand of putting penalties, which after all could be regressive at times.
-Procyon Mukherjee
Concrete
Shree Cement Expands Bangur Concrete Network with Patna Plant
New facility takes the company’s national RMC network to 36 plants
Published
2 days agoon
November 9, 2026By
admin
Shree Cement has inaugurated a 60 m³/hour ready-mix concrete plant in Patna, Bihar, under its Bangur Concrete brand. The facility takes the company’s ready-mix concrete (RMC) network to 36 plants across India and strengthens its presence in eastern markets.
The plant was inaugurated by Neeraj Akhoury, managing director of Shree Cement, in the presence of senior company officials and other guests. It has been established to serve demand for ready-mix concrete in Patna and neighbouring areas, where infrastructure development, urban expansion and real estate activity are supporting construction growth.
The facility is designed to supply construction projects across Patna and surrounding markets. Its installed capacity of 60 m³/hour will enable Bangur Concrete to serve customers across the region while improving distribution and supply capabilities in eastern India.
The expansion is intended to improve customer service, strengthen the company’s market presence and support development activity in Bihar. The plant incorporates modern batching technology, material handling systems and quality control processes aimed at maintaining consistency in production and improving operational efficiency.
With the addition of the Patna facility, Bangur Concrete now operates 36 RMC plants across India. The business is expanding its footprint in key construction markets to improve customer access to ready-mix concrete, which is increasingly used in infrastructure, commercial and residential projects because it supports controlled production, consistent quality and more efficient material management at construction sites.
The facility will also follow environmentally responsible operating practices, in line with Shree Cement’s focus on sustainable construction solutions. The latest addition adds capacity to the company’s RMC operations and supports its efforts to serve regional construction markets as development activity continues across Bihar.
Concrete
Ambuja Plans 2.9 MTPA Godda Cement Unit
Proposed unit forms part of Ambuja Cements’ Rs. 145 bn expansion
Published
2 days agoon
November 9, 2026By
admin
Ambuja Cements has proposed a 2.9 mn tonnes per annum (MTPA) cement grinding unit in Godda district, Jharkhand, as part of a Rs. 145 bn expansion programme. The plan is intended to lift the company’s overall cement capacity to 155 MTPA by financial year 2029-30 (FY30), from its current 113.5 MTPA.
The proposal forms part of the Adani Group company’s wider manufacturing expansion across eastern and northeastern India, according to a company statement issued on Monday. The Godda unit would add grinding capacity to Ambuja Cements’ network and is intended to help serve demand in Jharkhand and neighbouring states.
Locating production closer to these markets is expected to reduce transportation costs and delivery times, while the project could support employment in plant operations, maintenance, logistics and administration. The company also linked the facility to indirect activity in transportation, contract services, construction, warehousing and local supply chains.
The expansion plan includes a 2.9 MTPA grinding unit each in Assam and Bihar, as well as additional clinker capacity in Assam. Together, the projects are designed to distribute manufacturing capacity more widely and improve the connection between clinker production and grinding operations, Ambuja Cements’ cement-business chief executive Vinod Bahety said.
Clinker is the intermediate material produced before it is ground and blended to make cement, making the Godda proposal part of a broader materials and logistics network rather than an isolated facility. Ambuja Cements has not provided a commissioning timeline, a Godda-specific investment breakdown, land details or a detailed employment estimate in the supplied announcement.
The project’s impact will depend on implementation of the plant, associated transport links and local supply chains. The announcement sets out the capacity objective but does not specify the project’s construction schedule or operational start date.
Concrete
Beyond Automation: Building AI-driven Cement Plants
Published
2 days agoon
November 9, 2026By
admin
Prerak Manisha Shah, Founder and CTO, Cogniify.ai, draws a sharp distinction between automation and self-optimisation, and the need for a workforce that understands both the capabilities and the limits of the intelligence they are working with.
The cement production process uses a lot of energy, involving various steps such as processing of raw materials, use of kilns and running machinery. There are numerous factors that should be kept in balance in order to make the process effective. It is possible to save production costs, quality and environment performance. In spite of the fact that traditional automation has allowed to achieve consistency in working and reduce the level of human interference, it is not always possible to monitor changing conditions and solve issues in advance.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the latest approach that has transformed cement production. By analysing up-to-date data and supporting companies in search for the correct solution, it is possible to turn the production process into one of continuous optimisation and advancements.
Difference between automation and self-optimisation
Automation and self-optimisation may seem synonymous, but they play different roles. Automated systems obey predefined rules. For instance, a conveyor belt comes to a halt when a sensor senses something blocking it; kilns will have their fuel input adjusted by temperature regulators when the temperature readings go out of range. Self-optimisation takes it a step further. The system is capable of obtaining historical data, as well as current operational data, and then using it to understand what is going on in the plant and how to improve operational efficiency.
Thus, instead of sticking to a certain temperature, an AI-based system evaluates how the composition of raw materials, fuel properties, feed rates, and air distribution can influence kiln performance. It also creates recommendations about what to change in order to ensure the quality of clinker with minimum fuel costs. With a proper set of controls and safety features, some adjustments can be performed automatically.
The distinction is significant: automation is about executing commands, while self-optimisation is connected to making better decisions based on available data. In any case, human supervision is required, particularly with regard to the decisions that could affect safety, product quality and stability of operations.
Turning the kiln into an intelligent, predictive system
The rotary kiln is the main equipment in the cement manufacturing process. It is important to keep the kiln operating appropriately to get the desired quality of clinker, which is an intermediate material for cement production. That said, the kiln’s performance depends on many factors that are extensively interconnected. Any change in one of them would influence the rest. Traditionally, the operators would make use of their experience and laboratory results combined with information from the control room, reacting to those changes.
Nevertheless, AI can assist them in the process of handling changes that occur within the operating kiln. For example, predictive models would estimate what will happen if raw material composition or fuel quality is changed. It would give the operators a chance to optimise the operational conditions beforehand. AI can also help to discover unstable conditions within the kiln, which would suggest forthcoming problems. It is also worth mentioning, however, that these advantages depend widely on the accuracy of data received from sensors used in the production premises as well as the availability of models and their connection with the process.
Predictive maintenance
When unexpected breakdowns happen in manufacturing, it can produce a vast amount of disruption in manufacturing. For example, equipment such as kiln drives, gearboxes, fans, and conveyors can lead to decreased production without counting the increased expense in repairs and altered time of deliveries. Traditional preventive maintenance reduces the chances of errors because it helps plan inspections and maintenance of the machines, but in certain cases it appears unnecessary.
With predictive maintenance, AI programmes use data about vibration, temperature of bearings, electric current of the motor and operating time of the equipment in order to determine when the machine is likely to break. For instance, decisions about making preventive maintenance of the gearbox in your cement mill may be made only with the help of the changing pattern of vibrations. The moment the AI recognises that the vibration of the machine has changed, the engineers will be able to check the machine before it breaks down. In that way, the engineers would be able to examine its parts and bring them to ordering spare parts and plan maintenance works.
Energy optimisation
In cement production, energy is one of the highest operational costs since kilns require a lot of thermal energy while raw mills, cement mills, fans, and other equipment need a lot of energy. Thus, increased efficiency has a direct influence on the operational costs and emissions when it comes to cement manufacturing. Since machines operate in different conditions, AI could help improve productivity through energy use optimisation based on how parameters and working conditions affect fuel and electricity consumption.
AI can help determine optimal parameters such as kiln charge, combustion, mill charge, airflow, and equipment operation to find all the possibilities for maximising the efficiency of the process. AI can help distinguish conditions that include high specific energy consumption so that the operators can adapt their processes without risking the quality of their products. An important contribution of AI includes the development of algorithms that optimise processes, taking into account the need to minimise fuel costs, production, and the quality of clinker. Applying AI technology allows automating processes where one would be unable to optimise energy consumption properly. This helps to reduce costs related to a plant’s operation without making high-level changes in
its operation.
Making sustainability a real-time operational goal
In the concrete industry, sustainability creates a strong connection to efficiency in performance and operations. The process of making concrete involves a combustion process as well as the process of converting limestone into cement, which generates emissions of carbon dioxide. The electricity that is consumed and the fuel types that are used also contribute to overall emissions of the plant. Analytics involved with AI technologies can contribute to the reduction of emissions by enabling continuous monitoring of processes associated with fuel and energy use. Analytics allows assessing the emitters in real time based on data related to the fuel burnt, heating processes, and emissions, as well as deviations from the norm that have occurred. AI gives the chance to evaluate these deviations and take actions in order to keep stable conditions in the kiln. It also provides businesses with chances to optimize the level of air used and make processing much more efficient.
When good measurement methods are used, AI can provide actual monitoring of emissions intensity. However, the application of AI technologies alone will not help eliminate the emissions connected with limestone chemistry.
Connecting the entire plant through a digital twin
Cement manufacturing entails various activities that are interrelated to each other. A modification in raw mill will have an impact on kiln feeding and also the performance of the kiln in turn will influence the quality of clinker produced and demand for energy that is needed for grinding cement. If every machine is optimised independently, it may lead to the loss of chances to improve overall efficiency of the cement production. A digital twin is an outstanding technology that allows overcoming this problem.
A digital twin is a technology that allows creating a representation of concrete equipment or process based on the data received from equipment or process operation. Depending on the characteristics, it can allow simulation of work conditions and test
various decisions. When combined with AI, this technology can test various scenarios and make coordinated decisions by departments. In particular, engineers can evaluate various potential improvements before real implementation. A digital twin is not equal to a complete copy of a physical plant or equipment.
From data collection to decisions
The optimisation of AI technology needs a good digital foundation that aggregates valid data from sensors, labs, maintenance history, meters, and production software. Otherwise, isolated systems make it hard to combine important pieces of information. For example, while the maintenance department knows about continuous malfunctions with a fan, at the same time, the production group has information about changing operational conditions. Thus, it would be impossible to understand what a specific piece of data means. A good digital foundation incorporates good definitions of data used, proper communication between systems followed by a good data storage process, and clear identification of the one who owns this particular data. Furthermore, cybersecurity, access control, and protection of crucial technologies must be given serious consideration.
Data quality is very important, as wrong data from sensors, missing values or misnamed historical records can result in misleading outputs from AI. Therefore, factories must develop technology to ensure correct data, monitor the quality of models used and train them with respect to changes in devices or operational conditions. The goal is to turn collected data into useful suggestions for action.
The human factor
The change to self-optimising actions is not just a technology-related task; it’s also a change in how people do their business. Workers, maintenance specialists, and professionals have field knowledge that can’t be replaced by AI technology. Teams should be able to trust recommendations provided by AI or other systems, which means understanding the suggestions, the reasons behind those suggestions, and expectations in regard to the effects of the offer.
An algorithm that generates alerts without explanations or makes absurd recommendations will have difficulty becoming a part of daily operations. Therefore, the cement industry has to make sure that staff is involved in the identification of issues where AI can be used, as well as in testing and outcome evaluation processes. Training should educate personnel to interpret AI results, understand limitations, and know when to stop AI recommendations.
The establishment of limitations for automated operations is of utmost importance, as well as making sure that there are procedures created to react to sensor malfunctions, communication loss, or abnormal behaviour of the model. All that needs to be done for employees to perceive AI as an assistant improving their experience and expertise.
The future of cement production relies on transitioning from being an isolated automated industry to a connected, data-led and more self-optimising. The application of artificial intelligence permits the plants to predict equipment failure, improve stability of kilns, reduce energy use and put a higher focus on sustainability. Digital twins and data integration enable the producers to understand the influence of adjustments that come at different stages throughout the production process as far as the entire production line is concerned.
At the same time, technology cannot achieve results by itself. The success of the plant relies on the use of accurate data; verified models, information security measures, efficient process management and knowledgeable personnel. Moreover, it should be taken into account that cement plants do not need to shop today, as the result has to be reached stage by stage.
About the author:
Prerak Manisha Shah, Founder and CTO, Cogniify.ai, is an AI and data engineering expert with experience at Meta and Harvard Medical School. He specialises in machine learning, predictive analytics and enterprise AI, applying data-driven solutions to improve operational efficiency and business outcomes.
Shree Cement Expands Bangur Concrete Network with Patna Plant
Ambuja Plans 2.9 MTPA Godda Cement Unit
Beyond Automation: Building AI-driven Cement Plants
Dhanekula Institute Signs MoU with Adani Cement
JK Lakshmi Cement Begins Rs. 110 bn Assam Plant Project
Shree Cement Expands Bangur Concrete Network with Patna Plant
Ambuja Plans 2.9 MTPA Godda Cement Unit
Beyond Automation: Building AI-driven Cement Plants
Dhanekula Institute Signs MoU with Adani Cement
JK Lakshmi Cement Begins Rs. 110 bn Assam Plant Project
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