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The Great Differentiator

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Branding is a strategic lever driving trust, preference and profitability in a highly competitive, commodity-driven market. By blending regional relevance, digital innovation and the art of storytelling, cement brands are transforming product parity into emotional and reputational differentiation.

In a price-sensitive market like India, cement has traditionally been viewed as a commodity—chosen more for availability and cost than for emotional appeal or consumer perception. However, this perception is rapidly shifting. India’s cement industry, which recorded over 3,755 million tonnes of production in FY23 and demonstrated a staggering 65 per cent CAGR between 2016 and 2022, is now embracing branding not just as an added value, but as a core business strategy. Especially in Tier-2 and Tier-3 towns, where numerous brands vie for attention, companies are investing heavily in building visibility and loyalty to stand out in an otherwise homogenous product landscape.
A well-established brand in cement signifies more than product availability—it conveys trust, performance consistency and service dependability. For contractors, masons and even individual home builders, a trusted brand name helps mitigate the perceived risk of using poor-quality material. With limited access to third-party testing and technical evaluation, stakeholders often rely on branding as a proxy for quality. Through our industry interaction on this subject, we at Indian Cement Review strongly believe that an effective branding strategy can be both the differentiating and deciding factor. In a sector where technical specs across brands may seem similar, perception can be a game changer.
Furthermore, as India’s infrastructure and housing needs accelerate, the stakes have grown higher. Government-led initiatives such as the PM Awas Yojana, Smart Cities Mission, and increased capex in highways and railways have raised demand for fast, reliable construction. Brands that promise durability, consistency and after-sales support gain an edge, particularly with institutional buyers and project developers. This reliability often allows manufacturers to command a pricing premium, turning branding into a profitability lever—not just a marketing expense.
Ultimately, branding elevates cement from a low-engagement commodity to a strategic, experience-driven product. In a scenario where physical differentiation is limited, emotional and reputational moats—such as legacy, trust, and service quality—become key drivers of growth. Companies that position themselves as partners in construction, not just suppliers, will be best poised to influence long-term customer loyalty and market leadership. Branding, therefore, is not just about logos or slogans—it is a strategic imperative that transforms business outcomes in India’s high-stakes cement sector.

Tactics that transform branding
Cement branding in India has undergone a radical evolution—from static billboards and rural hoardings to dynamic, omnichannel strategies rooted in data, emotion, and digital intelligence.
In an interview, Meghna Mittal, Co-Founder and CRO of Hoopr, shared that music holds a unique power to tell stories that people don’t just hear but truly feel. She explained that with UltraTech Cement, the goal was not just to create a song but to give a voice to millions of Indians who leave their hometowns to earn a living while holding onto the dream of building their own home—reclaiming their identity in the place they come from. According to her,‘Ek Ghar Banaunga’ represents their journey and emotion, with every lyric and melody crafted to evoke feelings of nostalgia, belonging, and the unbreakable connection to one’s roots.
Mittal added that the team leveraged deep audience insights to ensure the composition resonated with regional cultures and emotional nuances. She emphasized that the song is not just a brand asset but an anthem for every home builder—a tribute to those who, regardless of where life takes them, strive to build a home of their own.
And a sense of familiarity continue to drive impact—especially among contractors, dealers and masons who form the backbone of cement distribution and recommendation.
Sushrut Pant, Head – Marketing, Shree Cement, says, “Our approach blends emotional storytelling with functional delivery. Campaigns like ‘Solid Ghar Sirf Bangur’ tap into the pride and aspirations of Individual Home Builders (IHBs), helping them connect with the idea of building something enduring. Similarly, during the general elections, we launched ‘Vote Solid, Desh Solid,’ which drew a parallel between responsible voting and choosing a solid cement brand resulting in over 17 lakh pledges through an interactive digital experience. At the same time, strategic branding has helped build emotional equity with contractors, engineers, dealers and masons encouraging preference beyond price.
Regional outreach, omni-channel engagement, and purposeful brand activations have improved visibility, driving conversion and long-term loyalty. This shift from transactional buying to brand-led preference is also validated by the successful introduction of premium offerings like Bangur Magna, Bangur Marble and Bangur Roofon aligned with evolving customer needs and aspirations.”
Digital storytelling, meanwhile, is unlocking new audience segments—particularly urban millennials, architects, and independent homebuilders. JK Cement has embraced this trend with its campaigns #YehPuccaHai and #AndarSeSundar, promoting the idea that building materials are not just structural but emotional investments. Using platforms like LinkedIn, Instagram, and Facebook, the brand weaves a narrative that links quality with personal values—such as commitment, inner beauty, and lasting legacy. These content strategies aim to shift cement from a transactional good to a value-laden choice, increasing emotional attachment and long-term preference.
Sanchit Dua, Founder and Principal Strategist, WeGress Media says, “Even in a specification-driven category like cement, decision-makers now start their journey online. High-impact digital campaigns can therefore position the brand long before the purchase order is raised. I focus on three levers: (a) Account-based targeting on LinkedIn, programmatic B2B networks and trade-specific WhatsApp lists to reach architects, structural consultants and project engineers with technical proof points; (b) Storytelling around reliability and sustainability, delivered via short-form video, interactive 3-D site walk-throughs and AR demos that let engineers “see” performance in simulated conditions; and (c) Community-building—hosting webinars, CPD credits and job-site masterclasses that turn the brand into a knowledge partner, not just a supplier. When these touch-points are orchestrated through a unified data layer (CRM + pixel data), every digital interaction steadily increases familiarity, favourability and, most importantly, inclusion in tender specs and BOQs.”
“Content is now the credibility engine. In India, 70 per cent+ of construction professionals research materials online before short-listing vendors, so authoritative content closes the trust gap faster than any sales pitch. Effective cement brands publish: (1) Technical deep dives—mix-design guides, IS code explainers, durability case studies; (2) Localised, vernacular storytelling—site-visit reels in Hindi, Tamil, Kannada, etc., showing real outcomes for local climate conditions; and (3) Thought-leadership on green construction—LC3 blends, clinker-factor reduction, ESG scorecards. Pairing this with micro-influencers such as civil-engineering professors or respected contractors turns the brand into a peer-endorsed authority. The result: higher perceived competence, reduced perceived risk and a smoother path from curiosity to consideration to advocacy”, he adds.
Finally, sustainability has become a powerful branding lever. In a sector known for high CO2 emissions, brands that openly commit to green practices are gaining credibility and consumer goodwill. Campaigns that highlight investments in alternative fuels (AFR), waste heat recovery, and low-carbon cement production do more than signal compliance—they build reputation. As decarbonisation becomes central to global construction conversations,
cement companies that lead the narrative will not only earn customer trust but also align with ESG-conscious investors, builders, and government stakeholders. In today’s cement branding, being environmentally responsible is not just ethical—it’s strategically essential.

Regional vs national branding
India is not one cement market—it is many. Each region, from the limestone-rich corridors of Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh to the Northeast’s hilly terrain, presents unique cultural, linguistic, and infrastructural contexts. This diversity demands that branding strategies evolve from a one-size-fits-all model to a regionally nuanced approach that resonates locally while reinforcing national brand identity.
“Trust is a cornerstone of our brand strategy. Recognising its importance, we have revisited and redefined our mission statement which reads: ‘Trusted Building Materials Company Creating Value for our Stakeholders.’ This wasn’t just a cosmetic change, it was a conscious, strategic decision that reflects our intent to be recognised not merely for the scale of our operations, but as a trusted brand that delivers lasting value to our most important stakeholder—our customer. By placing customer centricity at the centre of our approach, we aim to understand evolving needs, respond with agility and ultimately create experiences that drive customer delight, reinforcing trust at every touchpoint” says Chirag Shah, Head – Marketing, Nuvoco Vistas.
National brands like UltraTech, Shree Cement and ACC have invested in creating umbrella brand identities that project strength, scale, and trust. But they are also acutely aware that local adaptation is critical for resonance. Language is a key lever—campaigns in South India often feature regional celebrities and vernacular scripts, while in Gujarat and Rajasthan, brands draw on visual symbolism and local idioms. Even product packaging may vary subtly to reflect market-specific certifications, batch codes, or slogans that carry regional emotional weight.
Regional brands such as Dalmia Cement, Penna Cement, and Star Cement have used their geographical roots to their advantage. Their branding emphasises regional pride, accessibility, and cultural alignment—projecting themselves as ‘closer to the people’ and ‘partners in local progress.’ These companies are often more agile in sponsoring local festivals,
sports teams, and community infrastructure—embedding their presence not just on the shelves, but in the social fabric. For example, Star Cement’s deep involvement in the Northeast has made it the go-to brand in a logistically challenging yet high-potential market.
The future of cement branding lies in balancing brand consistency with local sensitivity. This could mean deploying hyper-targeted mobile ads in rural Bihar, influencer-driven digital campaigns in Tamil Nadu, and grassroots activations during harvest seasons in Madhya Pradesh. In a country with over 20 official languages and hundreds of dialects, regional nuance is not a creative luxury—it is a branding imperative. Winning the hearts of India’s diverse construction ecosystem requires brands to speak not just in their voice, but in the voices of the markets they serve.

Tangible and intangible ROI
In the Indian cement sector, effective branding delivers a powerful combination of tangible business benefits and intangible competitive advantages. Brands like UltraTech Cement have demonstrated how a well-executed strategy can significantly influence buyer perception and behaviour. The company’s ‘Mauka Ek’ campaign, for instance, resulted in a 62 per cent increase in endorsement share, 72 per cent surge in recall, and a noteworthy 44 per cent of homebuilders naming it their most trusted brand. These metrics highlight the direct correlation between strategic branding and measurable commercial success—where perception drives preference,and preference translates into market share and repeat business.
Arun Shukla, President and Director, JK Lakshmi Cement in an interview said, “Our new TVC aims to inspire the Indian youth to understand that a successful future starts with big dreams. Our overall campaign, ‘Soch Karo Buland,’ embodies our philosophy of building. aspirations and trust. Through this brand refresh, we aim to align with the evolving needs of our customers, combining innovation, sustainability, and delivering customer-centric solutions. As we move forward, we aim to build structures and contribute to creating enduring legacies.”
For both B2C consumers and institutional clients, branding serves as a proxy for quality and reliability—especially when the product category offers limited scope for visible differentiation. In such scenarios, emotional trust and professional credibility become deciding factors. Research shows that cement buyers, even in procurement-heavy institutional roles, often opt for brands they perceive as superior—even when technical specifications are comparable. This ‘perceived value’ allows strong brands to command premium pricing, thereby improving margins without necessarily increasing costs—a compelling case for sustained brand investment in a low-margin industry.
Love Raghav, AVP & Head of Branding, JK Cement, said that with their new brand identity and bold campaign #GameBadalDe, the company was breaking barriers and reshaping the narrative in the cement industry. He explained that Jasprit Bumrah’s story of perseverance aligned with JK Cement’s brand values and offered a fresh perspective on construction and growth. By featuring Bumrah as a symbol of transformation, the brand aimed to inspire game-changing stories across all walks of life.
Anusree V Yannam, Marketing Consultant, says, “When we think about influencer marketing, we often picture glamorous content creators or social media personalities driving purchase decisions. But in industries like cement- where the business is predominantly B2B – influencing looks and functions very differently. As an average consumer building a home or undertaking construction, I wouldn’t instinctively know which cement brand is best. Instead, I’d rely on someone more experienced- my contractor, builder, or even the local distributor- to guide me. That’s where the real influence lies. In the cement business, these allied professionals act as everyday influencers. They’re the ones who understand product performance, availability, pricing, and consistency. Their recommendations carry weight and directly shape consumer choices, even though they’re not on Instagram or YouTube talking about it.”
“This makes influencer marketing in the cement sector unique. The brand’s communication strategy must target this network of contractors, resellers, and distributors, not just as end-users but as crucial brand advocates. Unlike conventional influencer campaigns, this relies heavily on offline trust-building, relationship management, loyalty programs, on-ground activations, and training sessions. It’s about empowering these on-field influencers with the right knowledge and motivation to recommend your brand consistently. In short, in the world of cement, influence is built brick by brick- offline, through people who build trust every day,” she adds.
The dealer and distributor network forms the lifeline of cement sales in India, and branding plays a pivotal role in building this channel loyalty. UltraTech’s expansive network of 5,500 dealers and 30,000+ retailers, and Ambuja’s 50,000+ outlets, are not simply a result of distribution logistics—they are the outcome of strong brand pull. Dealers prefer associating with brands that move faster off the shelves, minimise returns, and carry the assurance of consistent quality. For them, a strong brand means better credit terms, faster turnover, and repeat demand—factors that reinforce long-term partnerships and increase market penetration.
Khushboo Mulani Founder and ShEO, Slay Media, says, “Branding is the antidote to commoditisation. Cement might physically be a uniform grey powder, but a strong brand identity can elevate it beyond a mere commodity. We’ve long sought to shun the pejorative tag of being a mere commodity by transforming cement into a differentiated brand. A trusted brand carries a promise of quality and consistency that sets it apart from generic alternatives. In a price-competitive market, branding helps build preference and loyalty.”
Intangibly, a strong brand acts as a shield during times of uncertainty or transformation. A prime example is ACC, which retained a positive brand image among stakeholders even during its merger with Holcim/Lafarge. Despite the organisational upheaval and changes in leadership, dealers and customers continued their association with the brand because it stood for reliability. This kind of brand equity—earned over years of consistent performance, trust-building, and emotional connection—proves invaluable when navigating market volatility or corporate restructuring. Ultimately, branding in cement is not just about advertising—it’s about building reputational capital that sustains through cycles.

The influencer chain
In India’s cement industry, purchase decisions are rarely made by the end-user alone. Instead, a complex web of influencers—dealers, site engineers, contractors, and masons—shapes brand preference at the grassroots level. These stakeholders are not just distributors or service providers; they are trusted advisors for homebuilders and project developers, especially in semi-urban and rural markets. As a result, branding strategies that overlook this intermediary chain risk missing the real decision-makers on the ground.
Dealers play a dual role: they are both business partners and brand evangelists. Cement manufacturers invest heavily in dealer development programs—offering volume-based incentives, credit support, and exclusive promotional schemes—to secure shelf space and loyalty. But financial incentives alone are not enough. What matters more is the brand’s pull in the market, which ensures faster turnover, fewer complaints, and repeat business. That’s why national players like UltraTech and Ambuja have structured loyalty platforms and dealer engagement apps that keep them constantly connected and aligned with the brand’s goals.
Masons and site contractors, meanwhile, serve as powerful micro-influencers. Their endorsement can tip decisions, especially in individual home building (IHB) segments, where technical knowledge is limited. Cement companies have begun offering training programmes, loyalty clubs, and on-site demos to educate and engage this vital audience. For example, Ambuja Cement’s ‘Ambuja Abhimaan’ and UltraTech’s ‘Samruddhi’ initiative reward masons with points, gear, and recognition, turning them into brand ambassadors who spread trust through word-of-mouth. Some brands have even gone a step further, linking these efforts to vocational upskilling and insurance support.
The cement industry is beginning to recognise that branding doesn’t stop at mass media. In fact, it starts where the bags are stocked and the walls are built—on-site, in real time. Influencer engagement programmes, built on consistent training, trust, and long-term relationship-building, are now an essential part of the branding playbook. The strength of a cement brand is only as solid as the trust it commands from those who work with it daily.
Discussing the impact of digital branding, Mulani states, “The digital revolution has reached every corner of India. With affordable smartphones and cheap data, even small-town contractors and individual home builders are on WhatsApp, Facebook and YouTube. During the pandemic, we noticed a spike in digital engagement from non-metro regions. Case in point is the JK Cement online campaign (#YehPuccaHai), which got great engagement, including 600+ user-generated videos from those audiences. That was an eye-opener – it proved that if content is relatable (local language, addressing local building challenges, etc.), people will actively participate online. We now use vernacular content marketing, Facebook groups for contractor communities, and YouTube tutorials on best construction practices to connect with our
B2B audience.”

Challenges in cement branding
Branding in the cement industry comes with a distinct set of challenges rooted in its inherently B2B nature and legacy of price-focused operations. Unlike consumer goods where emotional connection drives preference, cement transactions—especially in institutional and bulk markets—are dominated by considerations of price, delivery timelines and volume discounts. Internal stakeholders such as procurement officers, production engineers, and even dealers often focus on operational efficiency rather than brand storytelling. This creates friction when marketing teams attempt to introduce emotional or aspirational narratives, as the value of brand equity is not always immediately recognised in performance-led environments.
A further complication lies in the homogeneity of cement products. With standard types like OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement), PPC (Portland Pozzolana Cement), and PSC (Portland Slag Cement) dominating the market, technical differentiation is minimal and often invisible to the end-user. This makes it difficult for consumers to justify a premium purely on product attributes. As a result, the brand must go beyond specs and focus on perception—crafting compelling stories around quality assurance, sustainability commitments, customer service and reliability. In essence, branding becomes less about what the product is and more about what the brand represents.
However, this branding gap presents an immense opportunity—especially with the rise of digital platforms and the changing information consumption habits of even rural and semi-urban stakeholders. Mobile penetration in rural India enables campaigns through WhatsApp, YouTube shorts, and voice-activated bots, while AI-based targeting helps personalise brand messages. Technologies such as blockchain-based traceability, smart packaging, and digital warranty tracking are being explored to boost transparency and engagement. More significantly, sustainability branding—anchored in carbon reduction, waste heat recovery, use of alternative fuels, and green certifications—is gaining importance. It speaks to not just institutional stakeholders and regulators, but increasingly to environmentally-conscious consumers and developers.
Looking ahead, cement brands that successfully blend digital innovation, localised engagement and ESG narratives will redefine how cement is evaluated and chosen. The winners will be those who understand that in a product category where differentiation is thin, reputation is everything. A strong brand will not only move more bags—it will also command trust, influence purchase cycles, shape industry conversations, and contribute meaningfully to the sector’s Net Zero aspirations. Branding in cement, once a tactical tool, is fast becoming a strategic weapon for future-ready growth.

Conclusion
In what has long been viewed as a commodity-driven industry, branding in cement is emerging as a powerful catalyst for transformation. No longer confined to price wars or distribution strength alone, cement manufacturers are realising that emotional resonance, strategic storytelling, and stakeholder trust are the new currencies of market leadership. From rural murals to mobile dashboards, from dealer clubs to AI-powered campaigns, branding has evolved into a multi-layered discipline—rooted in insight, scaled by technology and shaped by regional nuance.
As demonstrated through leading campaigns by UltraTech, Ambuja and JK Cement, effective branding delivers measurable returns—enhancing recall, enabling pricing premiums, and creating pull through a loyal dealer and contractor ecosystem. It offers both short-term gains and long-term resilience, helping companies navigate market shifts, regulatory changes, and mergers without eroding brand equity. The intangible assets—trust, familiarity, and emotional connection—often become the most valuable differentiators in a market where product specifications are largely uniform.
As India’s construction and infrastructure growth story accelerates, cement brands must go beyond the bag and into the hearts of their stakeholders—contractors, architects, engineers and homebuilders alike. Because in a market built on str

– Kanika Mathurength, it is brand strength that will define the next decade of cement leadership.

Concrete

Cement Industry Backs Co-Processing to Tackle Global Waste

Industry bodies recently urged policy support for cement co-processing as waste solution

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Leading industry bodies, including the Global Cement and Concrete Association (GCCA), European Composites Industry Association, International Solid Waste Association – Africa, Mission Possible Partnership and the Global Waste-to-Energy Research and Technology Council, have issued a joint statement highlighting the cement industry’s potential role in addressing the growing global challenge of non-recyclable and non-reusable waste. The organisations have called for stronger policy support to unlock the full potential of cement industry co-processing as a safe, effective and sustainable waste management solution.
Co-processing enables both energy recovery and material recycling by using suitable waste to replace fossil fuels in cement kilns, while simultaneously recycling residual ash into the cement itself. This integrated approach delivers a zero-waste solution, reduces landfill dependence and complements conventional recycling by addressing waste streams that cannot be recycled or are contaminated.
Already recognised across regions including Europe, India, Latin America and North America, co-processing operates under strict regulatory and technical frameworks to ensure high standards of safety, emissions control and transparency.
Commenting on the initiative, Thomas Guillot, Chief Executive of the GCCA, said co-processing offers a circular, community-friendly waste solution but requires effective regulatory frameworks and supportive public policy to scale further. He noted that while some cement kilns already substitute over 90 per cent of their fuel with waste, many regions still lack established practices.
The joint statement urges governments and institutions to formally recognise co-processing within waste policy frameworks, support waste collection and pre-treatment, streamline permitting, count recycled material towards national recycling targets, and provide fiscal incentives that reflect environmental benefits. It also calls for stronger public–private partnerships and international knowledge sharing.
With global waste generation estimated at over 11 billion tonnes annually and uncontrolled municipal waste projected to rise sharply by 2050, the signatories believe co-processing represents a practical and scalable response. With appropriate policy backing, it can help divert waste from landfills, reduce fossil fuel use in cement manufacturing and transform waste into a valuable societal resource.    

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Concrete

Industry Bodies Call for Wider Use of Cement Co-Processing

Joint statement seeks policy support for sustainable waste management

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Leading industry organisations have called for stronger policy support to accelerate the adoption of cement industry co-processing as a sustainable solution for managing non-recyclable and non-reusable waste. In a joint statement, bodies including the Global Cement and Concrete Association, European Composites Industry Association, International Solid Waste Association – Africa, Mission Possible Partnership and the Global Waste-to-Energy Research and Technology Council highlighted the role co-processing can play in addressing the growing global waste challenge.
Co-processing enables the use of waste as an alternative to fossil fuels in cement kilns, while residual ash is incorporated into cementitious materials, resulting in a zero-waste process. The approach supports both energy recovery and material recycling, complements conventional recycling systems and reduces reliance on landfill infrastructure. It is primarily applied to waste streams that are contaminated or unsuitable for recycling.
The organisations noted that co-processing is already recognised in regions such as Europe, India, Latin America and North America, operating under regulated frameworks to ensure safety, emissions control and transparency. However, adoption remains uneven globally, with some plants achieving over 90 per cent fuel substitution while others lack enabling policies.
The statement urged governments and institutions to formally recognise co-processing in waste management frameworks, streamline environmental permitting, incentivise waste collection and pre-treatment, account for recycled material content in national targets, and support public-private partnerships. The call comes amid rising global waste volumes, which are estimated at over 11 billion tonnes annually, with unmanaged waste contributing to greenhouse gas emissions, pollution and health risks.

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Why Cement Needs CCUS

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Cement’s deep decarbonisation cannot be achieved through efficiency and fuel switching alone, making CCUS essential to address unavoidable process emissions from calcination. ICR explores if with the right mix of policy support, shared infrastructure, and phased scale-up from pilots to clusters, CCUS can enable India’s cement industry to align growth with its net-zero ambitions.

Cement underpins modern development—from housing and transport to renewable energy infrastructure—but it is also one of the world’s most carbon-intensive materials, with global production of around 4 billion tonnes per year accounting for 7 to 8 per cent of global CO2 emissions, according to the GCCA. What makes cement uniquely hard to abate is that 60 to 65 per cent of its emissions arise from limestone calcination, a chemical process that releases CO2 irrespective of the energy source used; the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) therefore classifies cement as a hard-to-abate sector, noting that even fully renewable-powered kilns would continue to emit significant process emissions. While the industry has achieved substantial reductions over the past two decades through energy efficiency, alternative fuels and clinker substitution using fly ash, slag, and calcined clays, studies including the IEA Net Zero Roadmap and GCCA decarbonisation pathways show these levers can deliver only 50 to 60 per cent emissions reduction before reaching technical and material limits, leaving Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS) as the only scalable and durable option to address remaining calcination emissions—an intervention the IPCC estimates will deliver nearly two-thirds of cumulative cement-sector emission reductions globally by mid-century, making CCUS a central pillar of any credible net-zero cement pathway.

Process emissions vs energy emissions
Cement’s carbon footprint is distinct from many other industries because it stems from two sources: energy emissions and process emissions. Energy emissions arise from burning fuels to heat kilns to around 1,450°C and account for roughly 35 to 40 per cent of total cement CO2 emissions, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA). These can be progressively reduced through efficiency improvements, alternative fuels such as biomass and RDF, and electrification supported by renewable power. Over the past two decades, such measures have delivered measurable gains, with global average thermal energy intensity in cement production falling by nearly 20 per cent since 2000, as reported by the IEA and GCCA.
The larger and more intractable challenge lies in process emissions, which make up approximately 60 per cent to 65 per cent of cement’s total CO2 output. These emissions are released during calcination, when limestone (CaCO3) is converted into lime (CaO), inherently emitting CO2 regardless of fuel choice or energy efficiency—a reality underscored by the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6). Even aggressive clinker substitution using fly ash, slag, or calcined clays is constrained by material availability and performance requirements, typically delivering 20 to 40 per cent emissions reduction at best, as outlined in the GCCA–TERI India Cement Roadmap and IEA Net Zero Scenario. This structural split explains why cement is classified as a hard-to-abate sector and why incremental improvements alone are insufficient; as energy emissions decline, process emissions will dominate, making Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS) a critical intervention to intercept residual CO2 and keep the sector’s net-zero ambitions within reach.

Where CCUS stands today
Globally, CCUS in cement is moving from concept to early industrial reality, led by Europe and North America, with the IEA noting that cement accounts for nearly 40 per cent of planned CCUS projects in heavy industry, reflecting limited alternatives for deep decarbonisation; a flagship example is Heidelberg Materials’ Brevik CCS project in Norway, commissioned in 2025, designed to capture about 400,000 tonnes of CO2 annually—nearly half the plant’s emissions—with permanent offshore storage via the Northern Lights infrastructure (Reuters, Heidelberg Materials), alongside progress at projects in the UK, Belgium, and the US such as Padeswood, Lixhe (LEILAC), and Ste. Genevieve, all enabled by strong policy support, public funding, and shared transport-and-storage infrastructure.
These experiences show that CCUS scales fastest when policy support, infrastructure availability, and risk-sharing mechanisms align, with Europe bridging the viability gap through EU ETS allowances, Innovation Fund grants, and CO2 hubs despite capture costs remaining high at US$ 80-150 per tonne of CO2 (IEA, GCCA); India, by contrast, is at an early readiness stage but gaining momentum through five cement-sector CCU testbeds launched by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) under academia–industry public–private partnerships involving IITs and producers such as JSW Cement, Dalmia Cement, and JK Cement, targeting 1-2 tonnes of CO2 per day to validate performance under Indian conditions (ETInfra, DST), with the GCCA–TERI India Roadmap identifying the current phase as a foundation-building decade essential for achieving net-zero by 2070.
Amit Banka, Founder and CEO, WeNaturalists, says “Carbon literacy means more than understanding that CO2 harms the climate. It means cement professionals grasping why their specific plant’s emissions profile matters, how different CCUS technologies trade off between energy consumption and capture rates, where utilisation opportunities align with their operational reality, and what governance frameworks ensure verified, permanent carbon sequestration. Cement manufacturing contributes approximately 8 per cent of global carbon emissions. Addressing this requires professionals who understand CCUS deeply enough to make capital decisions, troubleshoot implementation challenges, and convince boards to invest substantial capital.”

Technology pathways for cement
Cement CCUS encompasses a range of technologies, from conventional post-combustion solvent-based systems to process-integrated solutions that directly target calcination, each with different energy requirements, retrofit complexity, and cost profiles. The most mature option remains amine-based post-combustion capture, already deployed at industrial scale and favoured for early cement projects because it can be retrofitted to existing flue-gas streams; however, capture costs typically range from US$ 60-120 per tonne of CO2, depending on CO2 concentration, plant layout, and energy integration.
Lovish Ahuja, Chief Sustainability Officer, Dalmia Cement (Bharat), says, “CCUS in Indian cement can be viewed through two complementary lenses. If technological innovation, enabling policies, and societal acceptance fail to translate ambition into action, CCUS risks becoming a significant and unavoidable compliance cost for hard-to-abate sectors such as cement, steel, and aluminium. However, if global commitments under the Paris Agreement and national targets—most notably India’s Net Zero 2070 pledge—are implemented at scale through sustained policy and industry action, CCUS shifts from a future liability to a strategic opportunity. In that scenario, it becomes a platform for technological leadership, long-term competitiveness, and systemic decarbonisation rather than merely a regulatory burden.”
“Accelerating CCUS adoption cannot hinge on a single policy lever; it demands a coordinated ecosystem approach. This includes mission-mode governance, alignment across ministries, and a mix of enabling instruments such as viability gap funding, concessional and ESG-linked finance, tax incentives, and support for R&D, infrastructure, and access to geological storage. Importantly, while cement is largely a regional commodity with limited exportability due to its low value-to-weight ratio, CCUS innovation itself can become a globally competitive export. By developing, piloting, and scaling cost-effective CCUS solutions domestically, India can not only decarbonise its own cement industry but also position itself as a supplier of affordable CCUS technologies and services to cement markets worldwide,” he adds.
Process-centric approaches seek to reduce the energy penalty associated with solvent regeneration by altering where and how CO2 is separated. Technologies such as LEILAC/Calix, which uses indirect calcination to produce a high-purity CO2 stream, are scaling toward a ~100,000 tCO2 per year demonstrator (LEILAC-2) following successful pilots, while calcium looping leverages limestone chemistry to achieve theoretical capture efficiencies above 90 per cent, albeit still at pilot and demonstration stages requiring careful integration. Other emerging routes—including oxy-fuel combustion, membrane separation, solid sorbents, and cryogenic or hybrid systems—offer varying trade-offs between purity, energy use, and retrofit complexity; taken together, recent studies suggest that no single technology fits all plants, making a multi-technology, site-specific approach the most realistic pathway for scaling CCUS across the cement sector.
Yash Agarwal, Co-Founder, Carbonetics Carbon Capture, says, “We are fully focused on CCUS, and for us, a running plant is a profitable plant. What we have done is created digital twins that allow operators to simulate and resolve specific problems in record time. In a conventional setup, when an issue arises, plants often have to shut down operations and bring in expert consultants. What we offer instead is on-the-fly consulting. As soon as a problem is detected, the system automatically provides a set of potential solutions that can be tested on a running plant. This approach ensures that plant shutdowns are avoided and production is not impacted.”

The economics of CCUS
Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS) remains one of the toughest economic hurdles in cement decarbonisation, with the IEA estimating capture costs of US$ 80-150 per tonne of CO2, and full-system costs raising cement production by US$ 30-60 per tonne, potentially increasing prices by 20 to 40 per cent without policy support—an untenable burden for a low-margin, price-sensitive industry like India’s.
Global experience shows CCUS advances beyond pilots only when the viability gap is bridged through strong policy mechanisms such as EU ETS allowances, Innovation Fund grants, and carbon Contracts for Difference (CfDs), yet even in Europe few projects have reached final investment decision (GCCA); India’s lack of a dedicated CCUS financing framework leaves projects reliant on R&D grants and balance sheets, reinforcing the IEA Net Zero Roadmap conclusion that carbon markets, green public procurement, and viability gap funding are essential to spread costs across producers, policymakers, and end users and prevent CCUS from remaining confined to demonstrations well into the 2030s.

Utilisation or storage
Carbon utilisation pathways are often the first entry point for CCUS in cement because they offer near-term revenue potential and lower infrastructure complexity. The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that current utilisation routes—such as concrete curing, mineralisation into aggregates, precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC), and limited chemical conversion—can realistically absorb only 5 per cent to 10 per cent of captured CO2 at a typical cement plant. In India, utilisation is particularly attractive for early pilots as it avoids the immediate need for pipelines, injection wells, and long-term liability frameworks. Accordingly, Department of Science and Technology (DST)–supported cement CCU testbeds are already demonstrating mineralisation and CO2-cured concrete applications at 1–2 tonnes of CO2 per day, validating performance, durability, and operability under Indian conditions.
However, utilisation faces hard limits of scale and permanence. India’s cement sector emits over 200 million tonnes of CO2 annually (GCCA), far exceeding the absorptive capacity of domestic utilisation markets, while many pathways—especially fuels and chemicals—are energy-intensive and dependent on costly renewable power and green hydrogen. The IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) cautions that most CCU routes do not guarantee permanent storage unless CO2 is mineralised or locked into long-lived materials, making geological storage indispensable for deep decarbonisation. India has credible storage potential in deep saline aquifers, depleted oil and gas fields, and basalt formations such as the Deccan Traps (NITI Aayog, IEA), and hub-based models—where multiple plants share transport and storage infrastructure—can reduce costs and improve bankability, as seen in Norway’s Northern Lights project. The pragmatic pathway for India is therefore a dual-track approach: utilise CO2 where it is economical and store it where permanence and scale are unavoidable, enabling early learning while building the backbone for net-zero cement.

Policy, infrastructure and clusters
Scaling CCUS in the cement sector hinges on policy certainty, shared infrastructure, and coordinated cluster development, rather than isolated plant-level action. The IEA notes that over 70 per cent of advanced industrial CCUS projects globally rely on strong government intervention—through carbon pricing, capital grants, tax credits, and long-term offtake guarantees—with Europe’s EU ETS, Innovation Fund, and carbon Contracts for Difference (CfDs) proving decisive in advancing projects like Brevik CCS. In contrast, India lacks a dedicated CCUS policy framework, rendering capture costs of USD 80–150 per tonne of CO2 economically prohibitive without state support (IEA, GCCA), a gap the GCCA–TERI India Cement Roadmap highlights can be bridged through carbon markets, viability gap funding, and green public procurement.
Milan R Trivedi, Vice President, Shree Digvijay Cement, says, “CCUS represents both an unavoidable near-term compliance cost and a long-term strategic opportunity for Indian cement producers. While current capture costs of US$ 100-150 per tonne of CO2 strain margins and necessitate upfront retrofit investments driven by emerging mandates and NDCs, effective policy support—particularly a robust, long-term carbon pricing mechanism with tradable credits under frameworks like India’s Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS)—can de-risk capital deployment and convert CCUS into a competitive advantage. With such enablers in place, CCUS can unlock 10 per cent to 20 per cent green price premiums, strengthen ESG positioning, and allow Indian cement to compete in global low-carbon markets under regimes such as the EU CBAM, North America’s buy-clean policies, and Middle Eastern green procurement, transforming compliance into export-led leadership.”
Equally critical is cluster-based CO2 transport and storage infrastructure, which can reduce unit costs by 30 to 50 per cent compared to standalone projects (IEA, Clean Energy Ministerial); recognising this, the DST has launched five CCU testbeds under academia–industry public–private partnerships, while NITI Aayog works toward a national CCUS mission focused on hubs and regional planning. Global precedents—from Norway’s Northern Lights to the UK’s HyNet and East Coast clusters—demonstrate that CCUS scales fastest when governments plan infrastructure at a regional level, making cluster-led development, backed by early public investment, the decisive enabler for India to move CCUS from isolated pilots to a scalable industrial solution.
Paul Baruya, Director of Strategy and Sustainability, FutureCoal, says, “Cement is a foundational material with a fundamental climate challenge: process emissions that cannot be eliminated through clean energy alone. The IPCC is clear that in the absence of a near-term replacement of Portland cement chemistry, CCS is essential to address the majority of clinker-related emissions. With global cement production at around 4 gigatonnes (Gt) and still growing, cement decarbonisation is not a niche undertaking, it is a large-scale industrial transition.”

From pilots to practice
Moving CCUS in cement from pilots to practice requires a sequenced roadmap aligning technology maturity, infrastructure development, and policy support: the IEA estimates that achieving net zero will require CCUS to scale from less than 1 Mt of CO2 captured today to over 1.2 Gt annually by 2050, while the GCCA Net Zero Roadmap projects CCUS contributing 30 per cent to 40 per cent of total cement-sector emissions reductions by mid-century, alongside efficiency, alternative fuels, and clinker substitution.
MM Rathi, Joint President – Power Plants, Shree Cement, says, “The Indian cement sector is currently at a pilot to early demonstration stage of CCUS readiness. A few companies have initiated small-scale pilots focused on capturing CO2 from kiln flue gases and exploring utilisation routes such as mineralisation and concrete curing. CCUS has not yet reached commercial integration due to high capture costs (US$ 80-150 per tonne of CO2), lack of transport and storage infrastructure, limited access to storage sites, and absence of long-term policy incentives. While Europe and North America have begun early commercial deployment, large-scale CCUS adoption in India is more realistically expected post-2035, subject to enabling infrastructure and policy frameworks.”
Early pilots—such as India’s DST-backed CCU testbeds and Europe’s first commercial-scale plants—serve as learning platforms to validate integration, costs, and operational reliability, but large-scale deployment will depend on cluster-based scale-up, as emphasised by the IPCC AR6, which highlights the need for early CO2 transport and storage planning to avoid long-term emissions lock-in. For India, the GCCA–TERI India Roadmap identifies CCUS as indispensable for achieving net-zero by 2070, following a pragmatic pathway: pilot today to build confidence, cluster in the 2030s to reduce costs, and institutionalise CCUS by mid-century so that low-carbon cement becomes the default, not a niche, in the country’s infrastructure growth.

Conclusion
Cement will remain indispensable to India’s development, but its long-term viability hinges on addressing its hardest emissions challenge—process CO2 from calcination—which efficiency gains, alternative fuels, and clinker substitution alone cannot eliminate; global evidence from the IPCC, IEA, and GCCA confirms that Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS) is the only scalable pathway capable of delivering the depth of reduction required for net zero. With early commercial projects emerging in Europe and structured pilots underway in India, CCUS has moved beyond theory into a decisive decade where learning, localisation, and integration will shape outcomes; however, success will depend less on technology availability and more on collective execution, including coordinated policy frameworks, shared transport and storage infrastructure, robust carbon markets, and carbon-literate capabilities.
For India, a deliberate transition from pilots to practice—anchored in cluster-based deployment, supported by public–private partnerships, and aligned with national development and climate goals—can transform CCUS from a high-cost intervention into a mainstream industrial solution, enabling the cement sector to keep building the nation while sharply reducing its climate footprint.

– Kanika Mathur

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