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Promoting a circular economy is the key

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Prakhar Shrivastava, Corporate Quality, JK Cement, sheds light on the use of automation and sustainability in processing gypsum.

Explain the role of gypsum in the cement manufacturing process?
Gypsum plays a crucial role in manufacturing cement. It is used to delay cement setting by slowing down the reaction of mixing cement with water to prevent rapid hardening of cement and increase its workability for construction. Gypsum enhances cement strength at all ages. If we grind the clinker without gypsum, then the cement will set immediately after mixing with water and the strength development will be lesser.

What are the proportions of gypsum that are added in various types of cements produced? Tell us in details of the composition and percentage.
Presently different types of gypsum are available and are being added to meet the SO3 in cement, like mineral gypsum, chemical, phospho, marine gypsum, anhydrite, FGD and synthetic gypsum. The composition and percentage depend on the chemistry of clinker and gypsum to adhere to the desired SO3 target in cement. Normally the percentage addition of gypsum is 5 to 8 in cement mix as per gypsum quality and its availability. Few gypsums, which have higher purity above 85 per cent like imported mineral, anhydrite and phospho gypsum usage are less, whereas, Indian mineral gypsum having purity <40 per cent required higher percentage usage to meet the SO3 requirement.

Tell us about the process of obtaining gypsum by your organisation. What are the key resources utilised?
The different sources of gypsum and vendors are identified by our central procurement team. After getting the test report and sample from the supplier, and its testing in our laboratories then clearance by the QC team about the desired quality of gypsum, the procurement of bulk quantity of gypsum gets initiated. The gypsum is transported by road and rail to the plant. The receipt quality and quantity of gypsum is continuously monitored and if any deviation is found, it is immediately informed to the procurement team as well as the vendor. After this, the gypsum is used to feed into the hopper by Raw material handling equipment (eg. JCB, Payloader etc.) and its usage control through a weight feeder from CCR (central control room) to get the desired SO3 level according to the product requirement during the cement manufacturing process.

Tell us about the key technical feasibility factors that make gypsum viable for mixing with cement.
The size, purity, P2O5, chloride and moisture content of gypsum are the key technical feasibility factors that make gypsum viable for its usages. High moisture content and powdery gypsum are a major concern during cement production whereas the dry and adequate size gypsum is easy to use.
Similarly, low purity gypsum required higher usage to meet the SO3 requirement in cement resulted in increased insoluble residue (IR), which affected the product quality and also the fly ash addition in PPC. To consume such a low purity gypsum requirement of high purity gypsums like imported mineral gypsum to meet the SO3 and IR requirement which is not a cost effective solution.
Phospho gypsum has higher P2O5, which causes delay in the setting of cement and lesser early days compressive strength. Hence, it is mandatory to use it in a very controlled manner by blending it with other available gypsums to meet the product quality requirement.

What is the preparation or processing required to make gypsum ready to mix with the clinker?
Presently, preparation or processing of the different types of gypsum is done by handling equipment manually (eg. loader, dozer and JCB, etc.) as per recommended target and quality. Mixed gypsum is then fed to a separate hopper and controlled by a weight feeder and a controlled quantity of gypsum is mixed with clinker in the cement grinding process.
A more suitable solution to prepare uniform gypsum is to mix it separately before feeding
by blending various types of gypsums through
multi hoppers and controlled dosage to get targeted gypsum quality.

How does automation help in obtaining this mineral and increasing productivity of the unit?
The automation gives a timely update about the whole process to track the status and progress of procured material which saves time and avoids delays in procurement. It also helps to increase efficiency by fast process, productivity, growth and profitability of the organisation.
In all our units, the LIMs System has been implemented. All the quality test equipment is linked with the LIMs software and test results are directly transferred in LIMs and SAP. The quality analysis results of each type of gypsum and vendor wise are available in the automation system which helps to identify the deviation and consistency in quality thereby reducing error and confusion.

What are the sustainability measures taken by your organisation in obtaining and processing the desired quality of gypsum?
As part of our sustainability goals we have taken significant measures to replace natural or mineral gypsum with industrial waste. All our manufacturing units are utilising available industrial waste such as chemical gypsum, anhydrite gypsum, FGD, synthetic gypsum etc.
Blending of mineral gypsum with industrial waste as an economical and sustainable solution to replace natural minerals. Promoting a circular economy is our key pillar of the sustainability journey to reduce the environmental impact of our product by replacing natural resource consumption with industrial wastes which in turn has reduced our dependency on natural resources and is economical as well. It benefits our business, society and the environment by eliminating waste and decoupling our growth from the consumption of natural resources.

What are the major challenges faced in handling and obtaining gypsum for the manufacturing process?
The major challenges in handling and obtaining gypsum are moisture, SO3 and purity, which are the key parameters in deciding the quality of gypsum. Some minor elements also affect the quality of gypsum like phosphorus pentoxide and chloride percentage.
The deviation in SO3 content increases or decreases the quantity of gypsum in cement. Also, typically, a decrease in the SO3 content increases the insoluble residues, especially in Indian mineral gypsum, which causes higher IR in cement and lowers the performance/durability of cement.
In chemical gypsum, the main concern is the moisture of material and colour, which directly affects the operation with reference to jamming, choking and product quality.

-Kanika Mathur

Concrete

India, EU Resume Talks To Finalise Free Trade Agreement

High-level negotiators meet in Delhi to push balanced trade deal

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A senior delegation from the European Union (EU) is in New Delhi from 3 to 7 November 2025 to hold detailed discussions with Indian counterparts on the proposed India–EU Free Trade Agreement (FTA). The negotiations aim to resolve key pending issues and move closer to a comprehensive, balanced, and mutually beneficial trade framework.

The visit follows Union Minister of Commerce and Industry Piyush Goyal’s official trip to Brussels on 27–28 October 2025, during which he held forward-looking talks with European Commissioner for Trade and Economic Security Maroš Šef?ovi?. Both sides reaffirmed their commitment to intensify dialogue and strengthen cooperation towards finalising the FTA.

This week’s deliberations will focus on trade in goods and services, rules of origin, and technical and institutional matters, guided by the shared goal of creating a modern and future-ready trade pact that reflects the priorities and sensitivities of both India and the EU.

The discussions gained further momentum after a virtual meeting on 3 November 2025 between Minister Piyush Goyal, Commissioner Maroš Šef?ovi?, and EU Commissioner for Agriculture and Food Christophe Hansen, which helped align positions on key areas of mutual interest.

As part of the ongoing negotiations, Ms. Sabine Weyand, Director-General for Trade at the European Commission (EU DG Trade), will visit New Delhi on 5–6 November for high-level consultations with India’s Commerce Secretary Rajesh Aggarwal. The talks will address technical and policy matters critical to concluding the agreement.

The EU delegation’s visit underscores the shared determination of India and the European Union to conclude a fair, transparent, and equitable FTA, aimed at boosting trade, investment, innovation, and sustainable economic growth.

Both sides view the FTA as a strategic pillar in their partnership, capable of enhancing market access, creating new opportunities for businesses, and promoting a resilient and diversified global supply chain.

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Om Birla: World Sees India as a Key Investment Destination

Speaker says India’s democracy and growth draw global confidence

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Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla on Thursday said that the world is increasingly looking to invest in India, drawn by its vibrant democracy, rapid economic expansion, and technological prowess. Speaking at the 125th Anniversary Celebrations of the Bharat Chamber of Commerce in Kolkata, themed “India@100: An Age of a New Dawn,” Birla said that under the visionary leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, the nation is steadily advancing towards becoming a global economic powerhouse.

He emphasised the government’s commitment to building a business-friendly environment, driven by the principles of minimum government, maximum governance. The administration, he said, is focused on reducing bureaucratic hurdles, expanding industrial capacity, and encouraging innovation. Birla also urged the private sector to invest more in research and development (R&D) and strive to meet global standards, assuring that the government will complement such efforts to strengthen India’s innovation-led growth.

Praising the Bharat Chamber of Commerce, Birla called it a source of inspiration for business chambers across India. He lauded its 125-year legacy of resilience, foresight, and public service, recalling its origins as the Marwari Chamber of Commerce. The Chamber, he noted, has played a key role in India’s industrial, social, and economic transformation and in promoting corporate social responsibility.

Birla observed that India’s success as a democracy lies in its stability, inclusiveness, and deep cultural roots. “Democracy in India is not just a system of governance, but a way of life,” he said, adding that the nation’s robust institutions ensure policy continuity and investor confidence, both crucial for long-term growth.

He stressed that where democracy thrives, sound policy decisions and effective implementation follow, creating a foundation for sustainable development. Birla also highlighted India’s rise as a global innovation hub, driven by strong public–private partnerships in technology and R&D, which are propelling India into leadership positions in emerging industries.

Touching on inclusive growth, Birla noted that the increasing participation of women and youth reflects India’s social transformation. He highlighted women’s growing role across sectors and said they will remain pivotal in shaping a self-reliant and developed India. Similarly, he praised India’s youth and entrepreneurs for driving creativity, enterprise, and innovation, shaping the country’s future with energy and vision.

Reaffirming the vision of Atmanirbhar Bharat, Birla called for stronger collaboration among industry, government, and academia to build a resilient, self-sustaining economy. He also underlined India’s emerging leadership in clean and green energy, expressing confidence that the country will play a leading role in addressing climate and environmental challenges globally.

Acknowledging West Bengal’s historical contribution to India’s growth, Birla said the state has long been a cradle of intellectual, cultural, and industrial excellence. He noted that Bengal has produced eminent thinkers, reformers, poets, and industrialists, and continues to inspire the nation with its enduring spirit of innovation and enterprise.

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Mumbai Metro, Monorail Told To Submit Disaster Plans

BMC orders SOPs and drills to strengthen emergency preparedness

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The Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) has directed Mumbai’s monorail and metro operators to submit detailed emergency management plans and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for review, as part of efforts to bolster the city’s overall disaster preparedness framework.

The directive was issued during a meeting of civic authorities responsible for disaster management, held at the BMC headquarters on Wednesday. The session was convened to assess Mumbai’s emergency response mechanisms following the monorail breakdown near Bhakti Park, Chembur, on 19 August, which left several passengers stranded for hours due to a technical malfunction.

Dr Vipin Sharma, Chairperson of the Mumbai Suburban District Disaster Management Authority and Additional Municipal Commissioner (Western Suburbs), emphasised that the city’s monorail and metro systems must be integrated comprehensively into Mumbai’s emergency management strategy. He noted that these rapidly expanding networks require independent consideration given their critical role in public mobility.

Dr Ashwini Joshi, Chairperson of the Mumbai City District Disaster Management Authority and Additional Municipal Commissioner (City), instructed that mock drills be held regularly at all metro and monorail stations to assess and enhance emergency response capabilities.

Meanwhile, Dr Amit Saini, Additional Municipal Commissioner (Eastern Suburbs), said the session was aimed at reviewing coordination and readiness among key agencies in light of Mumbai’s expanding transport infrastructure. He stressed the importance of inter-agency collaboration to ensure rapid and efficient response during emergencies.

Professor Dr Ravi Sinha from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay commended the coordinated handling of the August 19 monorail incident, which involved the BMC’s disaster management department, Mumbai Fire Brigade, and other civic response teams.

Officials concluded that strengthening communication channels, training exercises, and real-time coordination between agencies would be central to improving the city’s ability to respond swiftly to future incidents involving its transport systems.

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