Economy & Market

Will PPPs in affordable housing succeed?

Published

8 years ago

December 30, 2017

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Urbanisation is central to a country’s economy – and in India, the urbanisation rate corresponds to 60 per cent of the country’s GDP. For smoother transformation of a developing nation like India, the need of the hour is to manage the process of urbanisation. The rapid pace of urbanisation has given rise to many grave issues – one of them being housing shortage.
Urban land in India, constituting 3.1 per cent of the country’s land area, presents a complex situation where high urban densities co-exist with sub-optimal utilisation (India Habitat Report, 2016). The inward migration of massive chunks of population from rural areas and peri-urban areas to urban areas in search of livelihood and better living conditions is continually exacerbating the shortage of housing in our cities.
As a result, a new socio-economic category known as the ‘urban poor’ has emerged. The Center and States have taken up the challenge of providing ‘Housing for All’ in India’s cities and towns, and several housing policies and missions have been launched to provide shelter to this new category of citizens. Building bye laws and building codes have been modified, loan disbursals have been eased, and interest subsidies have been provided in the banking financial system to reach out to this class of the population.
Though the recent census data highlights that the housing shortage rate in India’s urban areas declined from 1.63 million to 0.39 million in 2011; nevertheless, the larger problem persists. In India, private sector players, which include developers and housing finance companies, tended to primarily target housing for the HIG (higher income group), resulting in sustained supply and competition in this segment.
While the government is, on the other hand, focused on providing shelter to the poor and EWS (economically weaker sections), the results of these efforts have been largely insufficient. Also, the housing requirements of the LIG (lower income groups) are being grossly neglected, and there is a serious dearth of affordable housing to cater to this segment of society. By combining the strengths of private players with those of the public sector, the challenges of providing affordable housing can be overcome. Superior outcomes are achievable via case-specific PPP structures with appropriate allocation of risks and value creation.Mammoth housing shortage
Thanks to incessant demand, the housing sector in India is one of the fastest-growing industries in the country. It is one of the biggest employers, and has direct or indirect impacts on all sectors of the economy. In fact, the real estate industry is the third-largest contributor to the Indian economy, and the housing sector contributes 85 per cent of the total real estate activity. As per JLL estimates, the urban housing shortage till 2022 stands at 15.97 million units. By government estimates, the shortage in 2012 stood at 18.78 million units, of which, 96.5 per cent (estimated by the end of 2017) is in the LIG and EWS combined.
A report by the Technical Group on Housing Shortage (TG-12) mentions that states like Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh have higher housing shortage, accounting for to 7.61 million units. It is correctly inferred that though there is significant shortage of LIG and EWS category housing (17.96 million units in 2012), the supply in urban areas – which largely caters to MIG and HIG category buyers – represents a significant inventory overhang and is not selling well at all.
The government’s mission of ‘Housing for All by 2022′ seeks to provide a credible and viable answer to this pressing question, and focuses on single-window clearances, construction of 84,460 affordable houses in 5 states of India, and various other efforts to create low-cost housing. These initiatives have definitely had a positive impact on the housing sector. However, not much of a dent in the overall affordable housing shortage has so far been made. According to a report by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (MHUPA), urban housing stock has increased from 52.06 million to 78.48 million units in the past decade. Another review observes that the skyrocketing prices of housing stock and congestion of stock in limited areas have contributed significantly to keeping a majority of the urban poor homeless.
The Union Budget of India 2017-2018 has led impetus to affordable housing and the infrastructure segment, and the announced tax benefits and proposed changes in the long-term capital gains tax will boost players’ confidence in these projects. This is an important step to attracting private players to this segment and thereby improving the supply of low-cost houses in India. Drawing from global cues
The challenge of providing affordable or inclusive housing exists all across the world. A distinct ‘housing trap’ exists as even rental housing is becoming increasingly expensive, with house ownership becoming a distant dream, insufficient social housing creation and the number of wait-listed applications growing every year in many countries.
The housing crisis is certainly escalating. To resolve it, many developed countries have become proactive with subsidies and incentives for providing housing to the less economically privileged segment:
In Singapore, 82 per cent of the population resides in social housing. The country’s housing policy emphasises the ownership rather than the rental model, and provides consummate subsidies to first-time house buyers. Another notable practice can be observed in Seoul, the capital of South Korea, where older housing stock becomes available to low income households by redeveloping it in appropriate locations under the concept of inclusive planning. In Philippines, a penalty is imposed if land is kept idle for too long instead of making it available for housing development.
In Spain, FSI incentives have enabled developers to sell affordable units at a 1/3rd price compared to the prevailing market rates. PPP policy
To attract private developers to affordable housing, the Indian government recently drafted a new policy on ‘Public Private Partnerships for Affordable Housing’ in an attempt to overcome the challenges and maximise financial gains by tapping the potential of such projects. The new policy has devised various models of PPP to achieve these gains and moderate associated risks.
The models are prepared for two cases – the first being for instances where the Government leases the land, and the second for when a private developer has to identify the land. The second case is further bifurcated into two scenarios. In the first scenario, development is carried out in partnership (the Analytic Hierarchy Process or AHP system) and in the second, when development is carried out on the basis of the Credit Linked Subsidy Scheme (CLSS). The policy also talks about several other features like cross subsidy, fast approvals, etc. If both the market risks and sales are high, this policy will ensure a successful PPP model in the affordable housing segment.Success stories
Affordable housing refers to housing units that the section of society whose income is below the median household income can afford. While the term ‘Affordable Housing’ has been bandied about extensively and this segment is inherently very promising, the multiple associated concerns have in the past caused most developers to divest in this sector.
The biggest challenge in this sector is implementation against a backdrop of a very unclear policy framework. Other constraints are the lack of supply of developable land at reasonable prices, higher construction costs, unsupportive development control norms – and, not least of all, lack of easy access to home finance for the low income groups.
Though the Government is working hard towards addressing these issues by taking strategic steps, the policy framework must be strengthened further to stimulate growth and deliver sufficient relief to LIG home buyers. Implementation must be simplified and clarified if more investors and developers are to be attracted to this sector. At the end of the day, affordable housing provides a plethora of opportunities to all stakeholders, and the private sector can bridge the deficit by introducing innovative construction practices which can reduce costs and improve project financing, marketing and sales.
Even before the ‘PPP Policy on Affordable Housing’ was announced, many Indian states had policies which attempted to effectively implement affordable housing schemes. In the 2001-2006 policy period, states like Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh made first attempts to formulate township policies which included provisions for affordable housing, as well.
Since then, there have been many changes and reforms in these policies. For instance, Andhra Pradesh’s latest affordable housing policy suggests four different models in which private developers are encouraged via fast-tracked clearances and approvals, FSI incentives, timely payments and the flexibility for developers to determine the sale price of the affordable houses (with approval from the authority). It also suggests a rental housing model wherein rent would be fixed by the Government.
Benefits such as exemptions in service tax, trade license fees, stamp duty etc. are provided for affordable rental housing units. Andhra Pradesh’s development control regulations also include an allocation of 10 per cent of total built-up area for LIG and EWS housing in all townships, group housing and gated community projects.
Alternately, the regulations call for allocation of proportionate land to the Government, to be used for public welfare in the form of housing or civic infrastructure, urban open spaces, etc.
In Maharashtra, a special Township Policy was formulated in 2004 to attract private players to cater to the demand for LIG and MIG housing. However, this resulted in only 17 projects in 11 years (2004-2015). After the state took a serious look at this shortfall in implementation, amendments were proposed in the policy. The new ‘Housing Policy and Affordable Housing Plan’ unveiled in 2015 targets 50,000-100,000 affordable houses to be constructed every township, each township must have an area of 40 hectares, and there can be as much as 100 per cent of permissible FSI if the area has a sufficient potential and can potentially achieve realistic targets.
Also, ‘in-situ’ slum redevelopment projects with private participation in the state provided 1,592 dwelling units for eligible slum dwellers by leveraging the locked potential of public land under slums and including them as formal urban settlements. The project was executed in eight packages consisting of eight locations in Ahmedabad city (Gujarat) and provided 1,592 dwelling units of about 27 sq. carpet area with basic civic infrastructure like water supply, sewerage system, internal road connectivity with street lights, etc. 83 eligible slum dwellers owning commercial spaces were each allotted shops of 15 sq m carpet area.
This project’s USP was that additional FSI and Transferable Development Rights (TDR) were generated and awarded to the private partner, which made the slum redevelopment project financially viable. The private partner provided the eligible slum dwellers rental transit accommodation for the entire construction period at Rs 6,000 per month.Take away
The success of affordable housing initiatives depends on the proactive involvement of various stakeholders, including private sector players, operating with a clear roadmap of roles and responsibilities. Innovative PPP models must be explored to yield win-win scenarios for all involved partners and encourage private developers to participate more in this competitive market.
As per the PPP policy, both ownership and rental models backed by an institutional structure should result in the right kind of housing supply to reach its designated end users effectively. States should have their own township policies earmarking dedicated zones for affordable housing. Incentives in the form of land lease, FSI, reduction in stamp duty and exemption from other associated taxes will significantly reduce project costs.
With the deployment of the Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act [RERA] in 2016, which also focuses on timely completion of projects and adoption of innovative technologies like prefab and pre-cast housing, there is a hope for effectively covering the demand/supply gap. Unlocking older housing stock by redeveloping dilapidated structures and adding them to the overall supply of affordable housing will help in a big way. If the PPP policy is able to regularise, monitor and encompass the all-important principles of inclusiveness, equity, environmental sustainability and transparency, they will certainly succeed.Authors: – The article is authored by A Shankar, National Director and Head of Operations – Strategic Consulting, JLL India.

Concrete

The primary high-power applications are fans and mills

Published

2 days ago

October 10, 2025

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Alex Nazareth, Whole-time Director and CEO, Innomotics India, explains how plants can achieve both cost competitiveness and sustainability by lowering emissions, reducing downtime and planning for significant power savings.

As one of the most energy-intensive industries, cement manufacturing faces growing pressure to optimise power consumption, reduce emissions and improve operational reliability. Technology providers like Innomotics India are enabling this transformation by combining advanced motors, AI-driven digital solutions and intelligent monitoring systems that enhance process stability and reduce energy costs. From severe duty motors built for extreme kiln environments to DigiMine AI solutions that optimise pyro and mill operations, Alex Nazareth, Whole-time Director and CEO, Innomotics India, explains how the company is helping cement plants achieve measurable energy savings while moving closer to their sustainability goals.

How does your Energy Performance Contracting model typically reduce power consumption in cement plants—e.g., MWh saved?
Our artificial intelligence-based DigiMine AI Pyro and Mill solutions developed specifically for the cement industry, supports our customers in improving their process stability, productivity and process efficiency. In Pyro, this is achieved by optimising fuel consumption (Coal / AFR), reducing Specific Heat Consumption and reduction in emissions (CO2, SOx and NOx) through continuous monitoring of thermodynamics in pyro and recommending set-points of crucial parameters in advance for maintaining stable operations.
Within the mill, this is achieved by improving throughput, reduce energy / power consumption and maintaining stable operations on a continuous basis. Our ROI-based value proposition captures the project KPIs like reduction of coal usage, increase of AFR, reduction of specific heat consumption (Kcal / Kg), reduction of specific power consumption (KWH / tonne), reduction of emissions, etc., by a specific percentage. This gives clarity to our customers to understand the investment vis-à-vis savings and estimate the recovery time of their investment, which typically is achieved within one year of DigiMine AI Pyro and Mill solutions implementation.

What role do digitalisation and motor monitoring play in overall plant energy optimisation?
Motors are being used extensively in cement production, and their monitoring play crucial role in ensuring continuous operation of applications. The monitoring system can automatically generate alerts for any anomaly / abnormalities in motor parameters, which allows plant team to take corrective actions and avoid any major equipment damage and breakdown. The alerts help maintenance team to plan maintenance schedule and related activity efficiently. Centralised and organised data gives overview to the engineers for day-to-day activities. Cement is amongst the top energy intensive industries in comparison to other industries. Hence, it becomes critically important to optimise efficiency, productivity and up-time of plant equipment. Motor monitoring and digitalisation plays a vital role in it. Monitoring and control of multiple applications and areas
within the plant or multiple plants becomes possible with digitalisation.
Digitalisation adds a layer on top of OT systems, bringing machine and process data onto a single interface. This solves the challenges such as system silo, different communications protocol, databases and most importantly, creates a common definition and measurement to plant KPIs. Relevant stakeholders, such as engineers, head of departments and plant heads, can see accurate information, analyse it and make better decisions with appropriate timing. In doing so, plant teams can take proactive actions before machine breakdown, enable better coordination during maintenance activities while improving operational efficiency and productivity.
Further using latest technologies like Artificial Intelligence can even assist operators in running their plant with minimal requirement of human intervention, which allows operators to utilise their time in focusing on more critical topics like analysing data to identify further improvements in operation.

Which of your high-efficiency IEC low-voltage motors deliver the best energy savings for cement mills or fans?
Innomotics India offers a range of IEC-compliant low-voltage motors engineered to deliver superior performance and energy savings, particularly for applications such as cement mills, large fans, and blowers. Innomotics has the complete range of IE4 motors from 0.37kW to 1000kW to meet the demands of cement industry. The IE5 range is also available for specific requirements.

Can safe area motors operate safely and efficiently in cement kiln environments?
Yes, safe area motors are designed to operate reliably in these environments without the risk of overheating. These motors have ingress protection that prevents dust, moisture ingress and can withstand mechanical stress. These motors are available in IE3 / IE4 efficiency classes thereby ensuring lower energy consumption during continuous operation. These motors comply with relevant Indian as well as international standards.

How do your SD Severe Duty motors contribute to lower emissions and lower cost in heavy duty cement applications?
Severe duty motors enhances energy efficiency and durability in demanding cement applications, directly contributing to lower emissions and operational costs. With high-efficiency ratings (such as IE3 or better), they reduce power consumption, minimising CO2 output from energy use. Their robust design handles extreme heat, dust and vibration—common in cement environments—ensuring reliable performance and fewer energy losses.
These motors also lower the total cost of ownership by reducing downtime, maintenance and replacement frequency. Their extended service life and minimal performance degradation help cement plants meet sustainability targets, comply with emissions regulations and improve overall energy management—all while keeping production consistent and cost-effective.

What pump, fan or compressor drive upgrades have shown approximately 60 per cent energy savings in industrial settings and can be replicated in cement plants?
In the cement industry, the primary high-power applications are fans and mills. Among these, fans have the greatest potential for energy savings. Examples, the pre-heater fan, bag house fan, and cooler fans. When there are variations in airflow or the need to maintain a constant pressure in a process, using a variable speed drive (VSD) system is a more effective option for starting and controlling these fans. This adaptive approach can lead to significant energy savings. For instance, vanes and dampers can remain open while the variable frequency drive and motor system manage airflow regulation efficiently.

Concrete

We conduct regular internal energy audits

Published

2 days ago

October 10, 2025

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Shaping the future of low-carbon cement production involves integrating renewables, digitalisation and innovative technologies. Uma Suryam, SVP and Head Manufacturing – Northern Region, Nuvoco Vistas, gives us a detailed account of how.

In an industry where energy consumption can account for a significant portion of operating costs, cement manufacturers are under increasing pressure to adopt sustainable practices without compromising efficiency. Nuvoco Vistas has taken a decisive step in this direction, leveraging digitalisation, renewable energy and innovative technologies to drive energy efficiency across its operations. In this exclusive conversation, Uma Suryam, SVP and Head Manufacturing – Northern Region, Nuvoco Vistas, shares its approach to energy management, challenges of modernising brownfield plants and its long-term roadmap to align efficiency with India’s net-zero vision.

How has your company improved energy efficiency over the past five years?
Over the past five years, we have prioritised energy conservation by enhancing operational efficiency and scaling up renewable energy adoption. Through strategic fuel mix optimisation, deployment of cleaner technologies, and greater integration of renewables, we have steadily reduced our environmental footprint while meeting energy needs sustainably.
Technological upgrades across our plants have further strengthened efficiency. These include advanced process control systems, enhanced trend analysis, grinding media optimisation and the integration of solar-powered utilities. Importantly, grid integration at our key plants has delivered significant cost savings and streamlined energy management.
A notable milestone has been the expansion of our solar power capacity and Waste Heat Recovery Systems (WHRS). Our solar power capacity has grown from 1.5 MW in FY 2021–22 to 5.5 MW, while our WHRS capacity has increased from 44.7 MW to 49 MW, underscoring our commitment to sustainable energy solutions.

What technologies or practices have shown the highest energy-saving potential in cement production?
One of our most significant achievements in advancing energy efficiency has been the successful commissioning of a 132 KV Grid Integration Project, which unified three of our major manufacturing units under a single power network. This milestone, enabled by a dedicated transmission line and a state-of-the-art Line-In Line-Out (LILO) substation, has transformed our energy management and operational capabilities.
With this integration, we have substantially reduced our contract demand, eliminated power disruptions, and enhanced operational continuity. Supported by an optical fibre network for real-time communication and automation, this project stands as a testament to our innovation-led manufacturing excellence and underscores Nuvoco’s vision of building a safer, smarter, and sustainable world.

What role does digitalisation play in achieving energy efficiency in your operations?
Digitalisation plays a transformative role in driving energy efficiency across our operations. At Nuvoco, we are leveraging cutting-edge technologies and advanced digital tools to enhance productivity, optimise energy consumption and strengthen our commitment to sustainability and employee safety.
We are developing AI-enabled dashboards to optimise WHRS and kiln operations, ensuring maximum efficiency. Additionally, our advanced AI models evaluate multiple operational parameters — including fuel pricing, moisture content and energy output — to identify the most cost-effective fuel combinations in real time. These initiatives are enabling data-driven decision-making, improving operational excellence and reducing our environmental footprint.

What is your long-term strategy for aligning energy efficiency with decarbonisation goals?
As part of India’s climate action agenda, the cement sector has laid out a clear decarbonisation roadmap to achieve net-zero CO2 emissions by 2070. At Nuvoco, we view this as both a responsibility and an opportunity to redefine the future of sustainable construction. Our long-term strategy focuses on aligning energy efficiency with decarbonisation goals by embracing innovative technologies, alternative raw materials and renewable energy solutions.
We are making strategic investments to scale up solar power installations and enhance our renewable energy mix significantly by 2028. These initiatives are a key part of our broader vision to reduce Scope 2 emissions and strengthen our contribution to India’s net-zero journey, while continuing to deliver innovative and sustainable solutions to our customers.

How do you measure and benchmark energy performance across different plants?
We adopt a comprehensive approach to measure and benchmark energy performance across our plants. Key metrics include Specific Heat Consumption (kCal/kg of clinker) and Specific Power Consumption (kWh/tonne of cement), which are continuously tracked against Best Available Technology (BAT) benchmarks, industry peers and global standards such as the WBCSD-CSI and CII benchmarks.
To ensure consistency and drive improvements, we conduct regular internal energy audits, leverage real-time dashboards and implement robust KPI tracking systems. These tools enable us to compare performance across plants effectively, identify optimisation opportunities and set actionable targets for energy efficiency and sustainability.

What are the key challenges in adopting energy-efficient equipment in brownfield cement plants?
Adopting energy-efficient technologies in brownfield cement plants presents a unique set of challenges due to the constraints of working within existing infrastructure. Firstly, the high capital expenditure and relatively long payback periods often require careful evaluation before investments are made. Additionally, integrating new technologies with legacy equipment can be complex, requiring significant customisation to ensure seamless compatibility and performance.
Another major challenge is minimising production disruptions during installation. Since brownfield plants are already operational, upgrades must be planned meticulously to avoid affecting output. In many cases, space constraints in older facilities add to the difficulty of accommodating advanced equipment without compromising existing layouts.
At Nuvoco, we address these challenges through a phased implementation approach, detailed project planning and by fostering a culture of innovation and collaboration across our plants. This helps us balance operational continuity with our commitment to driving energy efficiency and sustainability.

Concrete

Digitalisation is pivotal in driving energy efficiency

Published

2 days ago

October 10, 2025

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As energy costs continue to dominate the cement industry, efficiency and sustainability are proving to be vital components. MM Rathi, Joint President, Power Management, Shree Cement, explains the company’s long-term strategy is focused on cutting emissions while powering growth with renewable energy solutions.

Energy efficiency has always been a cost-saving lever for the cement industry. Today, it is the backbone of sustainability and competitiveness. Cement manufacturers are under growing pressure to optimise consumption, diversify power sources and align with decarbonisation targets. Shree Cement has been at the forefront of this transformation, significantly scaling up its green power capacity and embedding advanced technologies across operations. In this exclusive conversation, MM Rathi, Joint President – Power Management, Shree Cement, shares insights on the company’s approach to energy efficiency, challenges in brownfield modernisation and long-term strategies for achieving net zero alignment.

What percentage of your total operational cost is attributed to energy consumption?
At Shree Cement, energy is one of the most significant components of production cost, accounting for nearly 30 per cent to 40 per cent of total operational expenses. Within this, thermal energy typically contributes around 20 per cent to 25 per cent, while electrical energy forms about 10 per cent to 15 per cent. The exact share varies depending on factors such as the fuel mix (coal, pet coke or alternative fuels and raw materials), the power source (grid-based or captive like solar, wind or thermal), raw mix quality, and regional fuel and electricity price variations. This makes energy efficiency and the adoption of sustainable power sources a key focus area, both from a cost and sustainability perspective.

How has your company improved energy efficiency over the past five years?
Over the past five years, Shree Cement has consistently invested in enhancing energy efficiency across operations. Our green power capacity, covering wind, solar and Waste Heat Recovery (WHR), has more than doubled from 245 MW in 2020 to 592 MW in 2025. All grinding units are now equipped with biomass firing facilities, reducing dependence on conventional fuels. From the project stage itself, we prioritise efficiency by selecting advanced technologies such as six-stage kilns with integrated WHR, CFD-designed plants, and equipment fitted with VFDs, centrifugal compressors and high-efficiency fans. We also review and upgrade equipment systematically, replacing fans, compressors, blowers, pumps, boilers and turbines with more efficient options. This continuous approach has reduced costs while significantly advancing our sustainability journey.
What technologies or practices have shown the highest energy-saving potential in cement production?
WHR stands out as one of the most effective solutions, offsetting a significant portion of electricity required for clinker production. Hot air recirculation has also proven highly beneficial in reducing heat losses. Additionally, regular energy audits help us identify opportunities for improvement and implement corrective measures in daily operations. Together, these practices play a critical role in optimising energy efficiency and driving sustainable operations.

What are the key challenges in adopting energy-efficient equipment in brownfield cement plants?
The biggest challenge is the significant upfront investment required for upgradation. Retrofitting existing facilities often involves complex civil and structural modifications, which add costs and extend downtime. Integration is another hurdle, as new high-efficiency equipment may not align seamlessly with older kiln systems, fans, mills or automation setups. These factors make the transition in brownfield plants more resource-intensive and time-consuming compared to greenfield projects.

How do you measure and benchmark energy performance across different plants?
We track key performance indicators such as specific heat consumption and specific power consumption for each unit, benchmarking them against internal and external standards. Thermal Substitution Rate (TSR percentage) is another critical metric, measuring the share of alternative fuels in the thermal energy mix. Internally, we benchmark performance across plants to encourage best practice sharing. Externally, we compare against national averages and align with the Bureau of Energy Efficiency’s PAT (Perform, Achieve, Trade) scheme, which sets Specific Energy Consumption (SEC) baselines and targets for cement plants. This multi-layered approach ensures continuous monitoring, improvement, and industry leadership in energy efficiency.

What role does digitalisation play in achieving energy efficiency in your operations?
Digitalisation is pivotal in driving energy efficiency at Shree Cement. IoT sensors integrated with SCADA and DCS systems allow real-time monitoring of parameters like heat consumption and energy use, moving beyond periodic reports. Our digital platforms consolidate plant data, enabling management to compare metrics such as SPC, SHC, kWh per tonne and kcal per kg across units in real time. This visibility supports data-driven decisions, faster corrective actions, and higher operational efficiency.

How do government policies and incentives influence your energy-saving decisions?
Government policies and incentives strongly shape our energy-saving decisions. The Perform, Achieve, Trade (PAT) scheme sets plant-specific SEC targets. Non-compliance incurs penalties, while compliance earns tradable energy-saving certificates. This ensures energy efficiency is both cost-driven and regulatory. Additionally, subsidies and viability gap funding for renewable energy projects in wind, solar and AFR co-processing help reduce payback periods and make energy-saving investments more viable.

What is your long-term strategy for aligning energy efficiency with decarbonisation goals?
Our long-term strategy aligns energy efficiency with India’s net zero 2070 goals. Key levers include improving efficiency, expanding green electricity, producing more blended cement, and increasing alternative fuel use. Today, more than 60 per cent of our electricity comes from green sources such as solar, wind, and WHR, the highest in India’s cement industry. Our blended cement products, which reduce limestone and fuel consumption, further lower emissions. These products are certified under the GreenPro ecolabel by CII, validating our sustainability practices and environmental standards.