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White Topping Technology – Urban Green Solutions

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The concepts of "Sustainability" and "Sustainable development" are of much importance and receiving much attention from all walks of life as the causes of global warming and climate changes are debated world over. Concrete White topping Technology is sustainable because of its long life (over 30 years). Concrete overlay is in thinner section, hence consumes minimal raw materials, easy to construct. It requires minimum maintenance and rehabilitation over its lifetime. G Sreenivasa, General Manager – Business Development, UltraTech Cement, makes his case.What is White Topping and Why?

White topping is the covering of an existing asphalt pavement with a layer of Portland cement concreteUsing concrete overlays (against asphalt overlays) provide desirable life, performance against heavy loading & rain, offers safety, friction and skid resistance properties. In addition, concrete overlay offers cost effective and environmental benefits:

  • Non- rutting, ing surface that doesn’t trap water
  • Excellent surface drainage
  • Better light reflectance
  • Fewer repairs,- Fewer work-zone accidents over life of overlays
  • Comparable initial cost to asphalt
  • Lower ownership cost to asphalt (life cycle cost)
  • Cement is available locally where as bitumen has to be imported
  • Price of cement is consistent and predictable where as bitumen price is highly volatile.
  • Cement is available in plenty where as bitumen is scarce material in future.

The many advantages elaborated LongevityThe longevity of concrete roads & concrete overlays (or white topping) is well demonstrated and documented. In this context, the concrete paved Marine Drive in Mumbai is an outstanding example. The concrete pavement was done as far back as in 1939 and the road even now, 71 years later, is still giving satisfactory performance.Life cycle cost of concrete pavement against asphalt pavement

  • An asphalt road requires maintenance every 2 to 4 years and resurfacing every 8 to 10 years
  • The concrete road requires relatively very little maintenance. Depending upon usage, it may require some minor repairs to joints and surface texture, but won’t need to be resurfaced for 30, 40 or even 50 years.
  • Hence, the maintenance cost of concrete overlays is 1/8th to 1/10th of asphalt overlays results in smooth traffic flow over longer period.

Long life concrete overlays have demonstrated economic advantages in terms of life cycle costs (see picture). In addition, they contribute directly to the system’s sustainability in several important ways.Fuel saving (During its Lifecycle time)Properly designed, constructed, grooved, textured concrete overlays have much lesser pavement deflection, which results in reduced vehicle fuel consumption (see picture below). Fuel Consumption on Asphalt and Concrete Pavement (By CRRI & Dr Kadiyali associates) – After construction;The above table shows how the savings progressively increased as the vehicle weight increases. This is a very significant finding for Indian conditions where overloading is common. Hence concrete overlays are not only more capable of resisting heavy loads but also achieve fuel savings.Emission Reduction due to White topping;Assuming, a 10MT truck/bus travel 24000kms in urban areas per annum and (assume fuel consumption as 2.5kms/ltr) Fuel savings of 9.8 per cent (30.24cc/km) achieved on concrete overlay, Thus, total fuel saved in a year will be 800 litres or Rs 33600 per vehicle(Rs 42/ltr), Approx 2MT of CO2 will be reduced per trip.Energy saving due to White Toppinga) The cost of lighting streets in urban areas2Lighting fixtures are important elements of most urban streets. Enhanced night time visibility is related to improved traffic safety. A report comparing environmental impacts of concrete & asphalt overlays indicates that asphalt overlays require more lights per unit length to achieve the same illumination (Gajda and VanGeem 1997).To overcome the lack of light reflectance, during nights, an asphalt overlay requires either1) More street lights per mile than a concrete overlay, or 2) Higher watt light bulbs at the same light pole spacing as used on Concrete overlay.In either case, more energy is consumed to illuminate the asphalt roads. Where more poles are installed, initial costs are more.Visibility during nights – in cityConcrete’s superior reflectance improves night visibility, saves money on street lighting and reduces power consumption.Surface reflectance readings on concrete overlays are 4-5 times higher than asphalt overlays, which means drivers can see the road, other vehicles and pedestrians clearer and sooner, thus helps in reducing accidentsSafety: How Quickly Can You Stop?From a study, it has been noticed that breaking distance for concrete overlays are less compared to asphalt overlay, hence concrete overlays are safe on both dry and wet surface condition. The breaking distance even increases with rutted asphalt surface. This clearly shows that the concrete overlays are more sustainable in reducing the wear and tear of tyres, brake drum, and reduces the consumption of brake oil.Heat Island Effect – Concrete v/s Asphalt overlayIn Urban areas, the Heat Island Effect can contribute significantly to energy consumption for air conditioning to cool the urban building. This also costs money, in-turn leads to emissions at power generation units. One estimate that the increase in temperature due to Heat island effect accounts for 5-10 per cent of peak urban electric demand for air conditioningLower Energy Footprint

Embodied primary energy is a measure of all energy use associated with the production, delivery and maintenance of a facility over predetermined time period. It includes both feedback energy and primary energy.The study here shows that asphalt surface require 2 to 5 times more energy than equivalent concrete surface. Fig shows illustrates, the embodied primary energy associated with concrete pavement is only about 33 per cent of the embodied primary energy of asphalt pavements.Graph shows comparison of embodied primary energy for asphalt and concrete pavementsRecyclability /reusability and Natural resourcesConcrete pavement is a 100 per cent recyclable material and at its ultimate end of fatigue, concrete pavement can be crushed and reused as granular fill, sub base/ base material for new pavement. This leads to reduced demand on non-renewable natural resources. Based on the analysis, on equivalent pavement designs for asphalt and concrete pavements for an arterial road on a low- strength sub grade, approximately twice as much granular material is needed for an asphalt pavement structure than for concrete pavement.ConclusionsConcrete overlays / pavements are sustainable, economical, long- lasting and truly green roads in more than many ways against asphalt overlays;

  • Technical reasons clearly show that concrete overlays are long lasting (over 30 years), require little or no repair or replacement as is in case of asphalt overlays
  • Concrete overlays cost little maintenance or 1/8th to 1/10th of asphalt overlays and thus no frequent repair of road results in traffic jam and fuel emissions
  • Saving in fuel consumption up to 20 per cent has been noticed. However, in urban areas the saving will be about 10 per cent for (10MT) buses and trucks. This results reduction in CO2, NO2 and SO2 emission over life cycle period of 30 years
  • Use of fly ash, GGBS and silica fume, improves the performance of concrete, saves money, reduces the need for disposal in landfills greatly, reduces energy use and generation of green house gases
  • Concrete overlays are light coloured and lead to improved visibility, reduced lighting requirement and reduce accidents in cities
  • Cool surface of concrete overlay reduces heat island effects in cities
  • Concrete overlay’s overall energy footprint means tremendous savings in energy over the lifecycle of concrete overlay
  • Concrete overlays renewability and 100 per cent recyclability lead to reduced demand on non renewable resources and save the quantity of sub base materials

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Concrete

We consistently push the boundaries of technology

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Swapnil Jadhav, Director, SIDSA Environmental, discusses transforming waste into valuable resources through cutting-edge technology and innovative process solutions.

SIDSA Environmental brings decades of experience and expertise to the important niche of waste treatment and process technologies. As a global leader that is at the forefront of sustainable waste management, the company excels in recycling, waste-to-energy solutions and alternative fuel production. In this conversation, Swapnil Jadhav, Director, SIDSA Environmental, shares insights into their advanced shredding technology, its role in RDF production for the cement industry and emerging trends in waste-to-energy solutions.

Can you give us an overview of SIDSA Environmental’s role in waste treatment and process technologies?
SIDSA is a leading innovator in the field of waste treatment and process technologies, dedicated to delivering sustainable solutions that address the growing challenges of waste management.
SIDSA is a more than 52-year-old organisation with worldwide presence and has successfully realised over 1100 projects.
Our expertise is in the engineering and development of cutting-edge systems that enable the conversion of waste materials into valuable resources. This includes recycling technologies, waste-to-energy (W2E) systems, and advanced methods for producing alternative fuels such as refuse derived fuel (RDF). The organisation prioritises environmental stewardship by integrating energy-efficient processes and technologies, supporting industrial sectors—including the cement industry—in reducing their carbon footprint. Through our comprehensive approach, we aim to promote a circular economy where waste is no longer a burden but a resource to be harnessed.

How does SIDSA Environmental’s shredding technology contribute to the cement industry, especially in the production of RDF?
SIDSA’s shredding technology is pivotal in transforming diverse waste streams into high-quality RDF. Cement kilns require fuel with specific calorific values and uniform composition to ensure efficient combustion and operational stability, and this is where our shredding systems excel. In India, we are segment leaders with more than 30 projects including over 50 equipment of varied capacity successfully realised. Some of the solutions were supplied as complete turnkey plants for high capacity AFR processing. Our esteemed client list comprises reputed cement manufacturers and chemical industries. Our technology processes various types of waste—such as plastics, textiles and industrial residues—breaking them down into consistent particles suitable for energy recovery.

Key features include:

  • High efficiency: Ensures optimal throughput for large volumes of waste.
  • Adaptability: Handles mixed and heterogeneous waste streams, including contaminated or complex materials.
  • Reliability: Reduces the likelihood of operational disruptions in RDF production. By standardising RDF properties, our shredding technology enables cement plants to achieve greater energy efficiency while adhering to environmental regulations.

What are the key benefits of using alternative fuels like RDF in cement kilns?
The adoption of RDF and other alternative fuels offers significant advantages across environmental, economic and social dimensions:

  • Environmental benefits: Cement kilns using RDF emit fewer greenhouse gases compared to those reliant on fossil fuels like coal or petroleum coke. RDF also helps mitigate the issue of overflowing landfills by diverting waste toward energy recovery.
  • Economic savings: Alternative fuels are often more cost-effective than traditional energy sources, allowing cement plants to reduce operational expenses.
  • Sustainability and resource efficiency: RDF facilitates the circular economy by repurposing waste materials into energy, conserving finite natural resources.
  • Operational flexibility: Cement kilns designed to use RDF can seamlessly switch between different fuel types, enhancing adaptability to market conditions.

What innovations have been introduced in waste-to-energy (W2E) and recycling solutions?
SIDSA’s machinery is meticulously engineered to handle the complex requirements of processing hazardous and bulky waste.

This includes:

  • Robust construction: Our equipment is designed to manage heavy loads and challenging waste streams, such as industrial debris, tires and large furniture.
  • Advanced safety features: Intelligent sensors and automated controls ensure safe operation when dealing with potentially harmful materials, such as chemical waste.
  • Compliance with standards: Machinery is built to adhere to international environmental and safety regulations, guaranteeing reliability under stringent conditions.
  • Modular design: Allows for customisation and scalability to meet the unique needs of various waste management facilities.

How does your organisation customised solutions help cement plants improve sustainability and efficiency?
We consistently push the boundaries of technology to enhance waste management outcomes.
General innovations and new product development focus on:

  • Energy-efficient shredders: These machines consume less power while maintaining high throughput, contributing to lower operational costs.
  • AI-powered sorting systems: Utilise advanced algorithms to automate waste classification, increasing material recovery rates and minimising errors.
  • Advanced gasification technologies: Convert waste into syngas (a clean energy source) while minimising emissions and residue.
  • Closed-loop recycling solutions: Enable the extraction and repurposing of materials from waste streams, maximising resource use while reducing environmental impact.

What future trends do you foresee in waste management and alternative fuel usage in the cement sector?
Looking ahead, several trends are likely to shape the future of waste management and alternative fuels in the cement industry:

  • AI integration: AI-driven technologies will enhance waste sorting and optimise RDF production, enabling greater efficiency.
  • Bio-based fuels: Increased use of biofuels derived from organic waste as a renewable and low-carbon energy source.
  • Collaborative approaches: Strengthened partnerships between governments, private industries and technology providers will facilitate large-scale implementation of sustainable practices.
  • Circular economy expansion: The cement sector will increasingly adopt closed-loop systems, reducing waste and maximising resource reuse.
  • Regulatory evolution: More stringent environmental laws and incentives for using alternative fuels will accelerate the transition toward sustainable energy solutions.

(Communication by the management of the company)

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Concrete

FORNNAX Technology lays foundation for a 23-acre facility in Gujarat

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FORNNAX Technology, a leading manufacturer of recycling equipment in India, has marked a major milestone with the Groundbreaking (Bhoomi Pujan) ceremony for its expansive 23-acre manufacturing facility in Gujarat. Specialising in high-capacity shredders and granulators, FORNNAX is strategically positioning itself as a global leader in the recycling industry. The new plant aims to produce 250 machinery units annually by 2030, making it one of the largest manufacturing facilities in the world.
The foundation stone for this ambitious project was laid by Jignesh Kundaria, CEO and Director, alongside Kaushik Kundaria, Director. The ceremony was attended by key leadership members and company staff, signifying a new chapter for FORNNAX as it meets the growing demand for reliable recycling solutions. Speaking on the occasion, Jignesh Kundaria stated, “This marks a historic moment for the recycling sector. Our high-quality equipment will address various waste categories, including tyre, municipal solid waste (msw), cables, e-waste, aluminium, and ferrous metals. this facility will strengthen our global presence while contributing to India’s Net Zero emissions goal by 2070.”
FORNNAX is actively expanding its footprint in critical markets such as Australia, Europe and the GCC, forging stronger sales and service partnerships. The facility will house an advanced Production Department to ensure seamless manufacturing.

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Decarbonisation is a focus for our R&D effort

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Dyanesh Wanjale, Managing Director, Gebr. Pfeiffer discusses the need to innovate grinding technologies to make the manufacturing process more efficient and less fuel consuming.

Gebr. Pfeiffer stands at the forefront of grinding technology, delivering energy-efficient and customised solutions for cement manufacturers worldwide. From pioneering vertical roller mills to integrating AI-driven optimisation, the company is committed to enhancing efficiency and sustainability. In this interview, we explore how their cutting-edge technology is shaping the future of cement production.

Can you tell us about the grinding technology your company offers and its role in the cement industry?
We are pioneers in grinding technology, with our company being based in Germany and having a rich history of over 160 years, a milestone we will celebrate in 2024. We are widely recognised as one of the most efficient grinding technology suppliers globally. Our MBR mills are designed with energy efficiency at their core, and for the past five years, we have been focused on continuous improvements in power consumption and reducing the CO2 footprint. Innovation is an ongoing process for us, as we strive to enhance efficiency while supporting the cement industry’s sustainability goals. Our technology plays a critical role in helping manufacturers reduce their environmental impact while improving productivity.

The use of alternative fuels and raw materials (AFR) is an ever-evolving area in cement production. How does your technology adapt to these changes?
Our vertical roller mills are specifically designed to adapt to the use of alternative fuels and raw materials. These mills are energy-efficient, which is a key advantage when working with AFR since alternative fuels often generate less energy. By consuming less power, our technology helps bridge this gap effectively. Our solutions ensure that the use of AFR does not compromise the operational efficiency or productivity of cement plants. This adaptability positions our technology as a vital asset in the industry’s journey toward sustainability.

What are some of the challenges your company faces, both in the Indian and global cement industries?
One of the major challenges we face is the demand for expedited deliveries. While customers often take time to decide on placing orders, once the decision is made, they expect quick deliveries. However, our industry deals with heavy and highly customised machinery that cannot be produced off the shelf. Each piece of equipment is made-to-order based on the client’s unique requirements, which inherently requires time for manufacturing.
Another significant challenge comes from competition with Chinese suppliers. While the Indian cement industry traditionally favoured our technology over Chinese alternatives, a few customers have started exploring Chinese vertical roller mills. This is concerning because our German technology offers unmatched quality and longevity. For example, our mills are designed to last over 30 years, providing a long-term solution for customers. In contrast, Chinese equipment often does not offer the same durability or reliability. Despite the cost pressures, we firmly believe that our technology provides superior value in the long run.

You mentioned that your machinery is made-to-order. Can you elaborate on how you customise equipment to meet the specific requirements of different cement plants?
Absolutely. Every piece of machinery we produce is tailored to the specific needs of the customer. While we have standard mill sizes to cater to different capacity requirements, the components and configurations are customised based on the client’s operational parameters and budget. This process ensures that our solutions deliver optimal performance and cost efficiency. Since these are heavy and expensive items, maintaining an inventory of pre-made equipment is neither practical nor economical. By adopting a made-to-order approach, we ensure that our customers receive machinery that precisely meets their needs.

The cement industry is focusing not only on increasing production but also on decarbonising operations. How does your company contribute to this dual objective, and how do you see this evolving in the future?
Decarbonisation is a key focus for our research and development efforts. We are continuously working on innovative solutions to reduce CO2 emissions and improve overall sustainability. For example, we have significantly reduced water consumption in our processes, which was previously used extensively for stabilisation. Additionally, we are leveraging artificial intelligence to optimise mill operations. AI enables us to monitor the process in real-time, analyse feedback, and make adjustments to achieve optimal results within the given parameters.
Our commitment to innovation ensures that we are not only helping the industry decarbonise but also making operations more efficient. As the cement industry moves toward stricter sustainability goals, we are confident that our technology will play a pivotal role in achieving them.

Can you provide more details about the use of digitalisation and artificial intelligence in your processes? How does this improve your operations and benefit your customers?
Digitalisation and AI are integral to our operations, enabling us to offer advanced monitoring and optimisation solutions. We have developed three distinct models that allow customers to monitor mill performance through their computer systems. Additionally, our technology enables real-time feedback from our German headquarters to the customer. This feedback highlights any inefficiencies, such as when a parameter is outside the optimal range,
and provides actionable recommendations to address them.
By continuously monitoring every parameter in real time, our AI-driven systems ensure that mills operate at peak efficiency. This not only enhances production but also minimises downtime. I am proud to say that our mills have the lowest shutdown rates compared to other manufacturers. This reliability, combined with the insights provided by our digital solutions, ensures that customers achieve consistent and efficient operations. It’s a game-changer for reducing costs and enhancing overall productivity.

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