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Decarbonisation of the Indian Cement Industry

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As India commits to net zero target for Year 2070, decarbonisation of the Indian cement industry is mandatory.

As India commits to net zero target for Year 2070, decarbonisation of the Indian cement industry is mandatory. With decreasing CO2 emissions in 2021, the goal of reduction in carbon intensity looks promising, provided proactive steps are taken and implemented, shares Dr. BN Mohapatra, Director General of National Council for Cement and Building Materials (NCCBM).

Honourable Prime Minister of India Shri Narendra Modi has made a pledge to cut the CO2 emissions in the recently concluded COP26 summit at Glasgow in November 2021and for the first time, he has set a Net Zero target for India by the year 2070. The US and EU have aimed to hit net zero by 2050, while China has announced plans for carbon neutrality by 2060. Earlier, India under the Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) submitted to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Conference of the Parties (COP21) in Paris in December 2015, committed to reduce the emissions intensity of its GDP by 33 to 35 per cent by 2030 from 2005 level and to achieve 40 per cent of installed power capacity from non-fossil fuels by 2030. In November 2021, India has already reached an emission reduction of 28 per cent and has met the 40 per cent target of non-fossil fuel-based installed power capacity as per the commitment in COP21.

Globally, the cement sector generates about 7 per cent of the total anthropogenic emissions. In hard-to-abate sectors like cement, steel, chemicals, etc, it is technologically very difficult to reduce the process related to Greenhouse Gases (GHG). The Indian cement industry has been working on the issue of its GHG emissions and has brought down the CO2 emission factor from 1.12 t of CO2/t of cement in 1996 to 0.670 t of CO2/t of cement in 2017. The proactive steps taken by Indian cement industry has contributed to achieve the goal of reduction in carbon intensity. Further, to achieve the target of net zero, decarbonisation of the Indian cement industry is required.

Recently, in October 2021, the Global Cement and Concrete Association (GCCA) has published a Cement and Concrete Roadmap 2050 for the net zero concrete. In the roadmap, it is envisaged to produce carbon neutral concrete by 2050 and a sectoral commitment to cut CO2 emissions by a further 25 per cent by 2030. The world’s leading cement and concrete companies including major cement companies in India like UltraTech Cement Ltd., Holcim Group, Shree Cement Ltd., Dalmia Cement (B) Ltd., JK Cement Ltd, JSW Cement, Orient Cement Ltd. have accepted the goal to achieve net zero concrete by 2050 and committed to fully contribute to building the sustainable world of tomorrow. Dalmia Cement (Bharat) Ltd, the fourth largest cement company in India has committed to become carbon negative by 2040 and working on its roadmap to use 100 per cent biomass and capturing the biogenic CO2 emissions.

Energy efficiency

Decarbonisation of the energy requirement of the entire cement industry is not possible only through renewable electricity since the cement industry requires high-grade heat for manufacturing. Hydrogen, which is a clean and green energy carrier, can play a crucial role for this energy transition. Green hydrogen can be used to replace fossil fuel in cement manufacturing processes as a source of thermal heat. Currently, 96 per cent of hydrogen used for industrial applications as fuel is obtained from fossils (natural gas, oil, coal), and the remaining 4 per cent is through electrolysis. Electrolysis through renewable sources like solar and wind routes can increase this share significantly and renewable hydrogen obtained will be a more sustainable option for the future. One of the cement plants in the UK has recently done a feasibility study for 50 per cent hydrogen along with 50 per cent biomass as fuel in cement rotary kilns.

One of the important challenges for decarbonisation of the cement industry worldwide is to reduce the process emissions arising out of calcination of limestone. Carbon Capture and Utilisation, by capturing/separating the CO2 emissions arising from the calcination process and utilisation of the captured CO2, is the only solution. Several studies and start-ups worldwide are working to find cost effective energy efficient ways to capture CO2 from flue gases. Utilisation of hydrogen as fuel will also help in capturing/separation of process CO2. Thus, green hydrogen can act as an alternative fuel for cement plants and will play a major role in the decarbonisation of the cement sector.

The journey towards decarbonisation of Indian cement industry started in 2012 with preparation of a Low Carbon Technology Roadmap specifically for the industry, when International Energy Agency (IEA) and Cement Sustainability Initiative (CSI), in collaboration with the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and the National Council for Cement and Building Materials (NCB) prepared this document. Direct CO2 emissions are targeted to be further reduced to 0.35 t CO2/t of cement by 2050. The identified levers in the low carbon technology roadmap of Indian cement industry are (i) Substitution of Clinker, (ii) Alternate Fuel and Raw Materials, (iii) Improving Energy Efficiency, (iv) Installation of Waste Heat Recovery and (v) Newer technologies like Renewable Energy, Novel Cements, Carbon Capture and Storage/Utilisation.

To mitigate the problem, enormous endeavour so far have been made by responsible industries, research bodies and academia, to reduce CO2 emission from cement production process by developing new technological solutions, thus, continually stepping towards reducing the environmental footprint of cement production and making it more and more sustainable. Blended cements so far have stood the test of time and are found to offer significant performance advantages along with environmental mitigation in terms of reduced emission, natural resource conservation and waste utilisation. NCB, being a premier R&D organisation, is devoted to environmental sustainability and is carrying out several studies for development of low lime and low energy cements to mitigate carbon footprint during cement production and conservation of natural resources by exploring alternate raw materials and unconventional SCMs in development of blended cements. Some of the important projects currently undertaken at NCB for blended cement are discussed here:

a) Development of belite calcium sulpho-aluminate cement using low grade limestone and industrial waste

The Portland cement clinker manufactured by the Indian cement industry is almost a century old clinker, the production of which is quite energy intensive, emission releasing and majorly dependent on our natural resources. Belite sulfoaluminate clinkers (BCSA) are an alternative for sustainability of limestone reserves and CO2 emissions compared to the Portland Clinker. In addition, these materials require lower operating temperature of the kilns, ~1250ºC and they are easily ground due to their higher porosity. Presently, NCB has successfully conducted laboratory scale trials on preparation of the new clinker with the conventional raw materials being used for Portland clinker. The production process of BSAC requires sulphate sources such as gypsum or anhydrite as major raw materials. Additionally, the BCSA clinker is formed at a temperature of 1250°C resulting in thermal saving of 200°C, thereby, reducing CO2 emissions up to 30 per cent. The prepared new clinker has predominance of belite phase, and a new calcium sulpho-aluminate phase called as yeliminite phase in it. Besides trials on preparation of new clinker with conventional and natural raw materials, NCB has also succeeded in the utilisation of industrial by-products like Jarosite as a substitute for sulphate source with the use of low-grade limestone as the source of lime and silica.

b) Investigations on development of Portland composite cements based on fly ash and limestone

The blended cements, which are produced using more than one mineral addition, are known as composite cements. Fly ash conforming to IS 3812 (Part 1): 2003 and granulated blast furnace slag conforming to IS 12089: 1987 are used in the manufacture of composite cements (16415-2015) with 15-35 per cent and 20-50 per cent. respectively. Presently there is almost complete utilisation of granulated blast furnace slag in India. However, utilisation of fly ash in manufacture of PPC is still only 25 per cent out of around 232 million tonnes generated annually. Additionally, India has large reserves of low grade, dolomitic and siliceous limestones, manufacture of limestone and fly ash based composite cements will reduce the impact of CO2 on environment, utilisation of industrial wastes and enable production of cements with lower clinker factor leading to resource conservation, enhanced waste utilisation and greater sustainability in cement manufacture. In this study, Portland composite cement blends were prepared (140 nos) with four types of clinker from different regions of India along with the regional available fly ash (15-35 per cent) and limestone (5, 7 and 10 per cent). The results depicted that the clinker quality plays an important role on performance of limestone and fly ash based composite cements. The mortar studies indicated Portland composite cements based on limestone and fly ash with 35 per cent replacement of clinker by fly ash and limestone (keeping limestone content upto 7 per cent in it). Hydration studies showed Monocarboaluminate (Ca4Al2O6 2 CO3 2 11H2O) was found in the samples containing FA and LS, and the intensity of these peaks tend to be stronger when the amount of limestone is increased.

c) Portland Limestone Cement (PLC)

European standard EN-197-1 permits the use of 35 per cent, max limestone (CaCO3≥75 per cent) in the manufacture of PLC. This type of cements is not being standardised in India. NCB has taken up the studies to investigate the feasibility of using different grades of limestone in development of PLC and for its standardisation by Bureau of Indian Standards. In the study, five different OPC clinkers and eight samples of limestone (covering cement, dolomitic and low grade) samples were procured from five different cement plants located in different geographical locations of the country. Blends of OPC and PLC were prepared in the NCB laboratory by inter grinding clinker, limestone and gypsum. Comprehensive study on these blends was carried using physical, chemical and mineralogical characterisation. It has been found that characteristics of PLCs are related to clinker and limestone quality. The study concluded that limestone addition mainly influences the compressive strength of mortar and concrete, however, limestone addition of appropriate quality and fineness up to 15 per cent could be possible.

d) Utilisation of high magnesia limestone for making high magnesia clinker for blended cement

The total blended cement production in India is about 73 per cent and the clinker used for its manufacture has to confirm to the clinker specification IS 16353- 2015 where maximum permissible limit of MgO is 6 per cent. The limit of MgO content in PPC and PSC as per Indian standard are 6 per cent and 10 per cent respectively and the clinker factor in these blended cements are comparatively low in respect to the OPC. Therefore, there is a possibility to increase the MgO content in the clinker sample beyond the specified limits for the manufacturing of such blended cement. This will help in further enhancement in blended cement production and thus CO2 abatement. The results of investigation revealed that addition of fly ash and granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) in the blended cements prepared from high MgO clinker samples were found to have potential effect on arresting the expansion caused by periclase (MgO). The minimum fly ash content was optimised to be 25 per cent by weight in case of PPC and the minimum slag content was optimised to be 35 per cent in case PSC while utilising high MgO clinker for the manufacture of blended cement.

Substitution of clinker will remain the important lever for decarbonisation of the Indian cement industry. The outcome of NCB studies will help in providing more options for production of blended cements.

About the author:

Dr. BN Mohapatra is the Director General of National Council for Cement and Building Materials (NCCBM). He is a Phd in Cement Mineral Chemistry, enriched with 13 years of research and development and over 22 years of industry experience with a strong academic relations with premier institutes. He is the chairman of the Cement Sectoral Committee of the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE).

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Concrete

ABB Extends Drive Lifespan at ACC Cement Plant Without Production Shutdown

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ABB reconditions 25 drives at ACC’s Jamul cement plant, avoiding 16 tonnes of CO₂ emissions while improving reliability through predictive maintenance.
Chhattisgarh

ABB has signed a multi-year Motion OneCare service agreement with ACC Limited, part of the Adani Group, to modernise ageing industrial drives at its Jamul cement plant in Chhattisgarh, improving operational reliability while avoiding approximately 16 tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions without disrupting production.

Announced on 27 October 2026, the agreement combines scheduled drive reconditioning, digital condition monitoring and energy appraisals to extend equipment lifespan, improve plant uptime and optimise maintenance costs. The initiative marks a shift from conventional equipment replacement towards a more resource-efficient approach to industrial asset management.

The first phase, completed in April 2026, involved the on-site reconditioning of 25 ABB ACS800 variable speed drives without a major plant shutdown. By retaining the existing cabinets and restoring the drive modules rather than replacing entire panels, ABB helped ACC preserve capital investment, minimise material consumption and avoid approximately 16 tonnes of CO₂ emissions.

A second phase, covering an additional 25 ACS800 drive modules, is scheduled for the fourth quarter of 2026. The programme is designed to improve long-term equipment reliability while allowing maintenance activities to be aligned with the plant’s operational schedules.

The ACS800 drives, installed at Jamul in 2010, had delivered more than a decade of near-continuous service in demanding cement manufacturing conditions. However, ageing electrical components and changing fault patterns had begun to affect their ability to meet the plant’s reliability requirements.

Rather than opting for complete equipment replacement, ACC engaged ABB’s certified engineers to conduct a comprehensive asset health assessment. The evaluation found that the existing cabinets and enclosures remained structurally sound, making targeted reconditioning a technically viable and cost-effective alternative to full replacement.

Drawing on nearly two decades of experience with ACC’s equipment and operating requirements, ABB developed a maintenance framework tailored to the plant’s shutdown windows, budget cycles and production priorities.

The Motion OneCare agreement incorporates planned equipment restoration, condition-based monitoring and energy assessments, enabling ACC to adopt a more systematic approach to maintaining critical electrical infrastructure.

As part of the programme, ACC has implemented ABB Ability™ Digital Powertrain Insights to monitor drive performance and identify emerging operational issues before they result in equipment failures.

The digital platform provides continuous visibility into parameters such as temperature, current, vibration and fault patterns. These insights allow maintenance teams to detect early signs of equipment deterioration, schedule interventions more effectively and reduce the likelihood of unexpected downtime.

Amit Gupta, Local Division Manager, Motion Services, ABB India, said: “We know what unchecked wear costs over time: a small inefficiency that eats away at ROI for years. At Jamul, the evidence pointed clearly to assets with productive life still in them.”

“Our job was to restore them properly and give the team the tools to stay ahead of the next problem. At ABB, we don’t just fix what fails. We want to protect what works.”

The initiative also demonstrates the growing relevance of circular economy principles in cement manufacturing, where extending the service life of existing industrial equipment can reduce capital expenditure, material consumption and the environmental impact associated with manufacturing replacement components.

According to ABB, drive reconditioning can reduce lifecycle emissions by 50 to 80 per cent compared with complete equipment replacement. By preserving functional components and restoring critical modules, the process helps retain the economic and material value of existing industrial assets.

The addition of energy appraisals in subsequent phases will further expand the programme beyond equipment restoration, enabling ACC to assess drive performance, identify energy-saving opportunities and improve operating efficiency.

For cement manufacturers, variable speed drives play an important role in controlling motors and optimising energy consumption across production processes. Maintaining their reliability and efficiency is essential for minimising operational disruptions and managing electricity costs.

Vinod Bahety, CEO – Cement Business, Adani Group, said: “Moving from reactive firefighting to a structured maintenance plan was exactly what this operation needed. That kind of peace of mind doesn’t come easily. It comes from a partner that understands how your business runs.”

“We didn’t need a full system overhaul; we needed expert support, actionable insights, and a plan we could execute around our schedule. That’s what we got.”

The project supports ACC’s broader strategy to improve manufacturing efficiency through digital transformation, preventive maintenance and sustainable asset management.

ACC, a subsidiary of Ambuja Cements and part of the Adani Group, operates 20 cement manufacturing facilities and 119 ready-mix concrete plants across India. The company has been advancing initiatives focused on renewable energy, circular economy practices and technology-driven operational improvements.

Alongside Ambuja Cements, ACC is part of a large-scale building materials business committed to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050, with near-term and net-zero targets validated by the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi).

The Jamul initiative aligns with these sustainability objectives by demonstrating how equipment life extension and digital monitoring can contribute to resource efficiency without requiring large-scale replacement of existing infrastructure.

ABB, a global technology company specialising in electrification and automation, brings more than 140 years of industrial expertise and employs approximately 110,000 people worldwide. Its Motion Services business supports industrial customers through equipment maintenance, modernisation, digital monitoring and lifecycle management solutions.

The agreement also reflects a wider shift in industrial maintenance practices, with manufacturers increasingly adopting predictive technologies to improve equipment availability, manage costs and reduce unplanned shutdowns.

With 25 drives already reconditioned and another 25 scheduled for restoration, ABB’s collaboration with ACC illustrates how targeted modernisation, digital monitoring and circular maintenance practices can extend the operational life of critical equipment while supporting more efficient and sustainable cement production.

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ABB Drives Digital Transformation at TCI MAX Cement Plant in J&K

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ABB deploys advanced process control at TCI MAX’s Srinagar cement plant to improve clinker quality, energy efficiency and sustainable manufacturing.

Kashmir 

ABB has deployed its advanced process control technology at TCI MAX Cement’s Srinagar facility in Jammu and Kashmir, marking the region’s first reported implementation of advanced process control (APC) in cement manufacturing and strengthening efforts towards more efficient, digitally enabled production.

Announced on 5 November 2026, the deployment of ABB Ability™ Expert Optimizer at the facility, operated by Trumboo Industries Pvt. Ltd., aims to improve process stability, clinker quality, energy efficiency and overall plant productivity. The implementation forms part of TCI MAX’s strategy to modernise its manufacturing operations through automation and digital technologies.

Following the integration of ABB’s advanced process control solution and supporting IT infrastructure, TCI MAX has reported improvements in operational productivity, product quality and sustainability-related performance indicators. The technology focuses on optimising the cement pyro process, a critical stage of production involving high-temperature processing and clinker formation.

Waseem Ahmed Trumboo, Director, Trumboo Industries Pvt. Ltd., said: “Introducing advanced process control at TCI MAX is an important step in how we are evolving our operations. Our focus is on improving the stability and efficiency of our processes while maintaining consistent clinker quality. We have been encouraged by the performance of the solution during commissioning and by the support from the ABB team, and we look forward to realizing its full potential.”

ABB Ability™ Expert Optimizer combines advanced process control, model predictive control (MPC) and artificial intelligence (AI) to continuously monitor and optimise manufacturing operations. By analysing process conditions, predicting operational behaviour and automatically adjusting key parameters, the system enables more consistent production while reducing process variability.

In cement manufacturing, maintaining stable pyro-processing conditions is essential for achieving uniform clinker quality and optimising thermal energy consumption. Fluctuations in operating parameters can affect fuel efficiency, production output and product consistency.

The deployment is designed to address these challenges through real-time process optimisation, helping operators maintain more stable kiln operations while improving the utilisation of fuel, electricity and raw materials.

Kapil Agarwal, Senior Vice President and Local Division Manager, Process Industries Division, ABB India, said: “Cement producers are increasingly looking to adopt digital technologies to achieve greater consistency and efficiency while addressing their sustainability priorities. ABB Ability™ Expert Optimizer brings advanced process control and deep cement process expertise together to help operators make their processes more stable and efficient. We are pleased to support TCI MAX as it takes this important step in its digital transformation.”

The technology also supports sustainability objectives by optimising fuel consumption, improving electrical energy efficiency and minimising process waste. More stable operations can contribute to lower energy intensity and reduced emissions associated with cement production.

For TCI MAX, the investment represents a move towards data-driven manufacturing, where automated control systems complement operator expertise to improve production performance and operational reliability.

The implementation is particularly significant for Jammu and Kashmir’s cement industry, as it introduces advanced process optimisation technology to a regional manufacturing facility. Its deployment could demonstrate the potential for wider adoption of digital automation across cement plants seeking to modernise their operations.

The project builds on ABB’s experience in delivering advanced process control solutions to cement manufacturers worldwide. Through the integration of industrial automation, predictive technologies and process engineering expertise, the company supports manufacturers in improving resource efficiency and maintaining consistent production quality.

As cement producers face increasing pressure to manage energy costs, improve productivity and reduce their environmental footprint, technologies such as AI-enabled process control and predictive optimisation are becoming important components of plant modernisation strategies.

ABB’s Expert Optimizer provides a platform for addressing these priorities by enabling automated adjustments based on changing process conditions, reducing reliance on manual intervention and supporting more efficient plant operation.

ABB, a global technology company specialising in electrification and automation, has more than 140 years of industrial experience and approximately 110,000 employees worldwide. Its Automation business employs around 26,000 people and provides technologies and services across process, hybrid and maritime industries.

The TCI MAX deployment reinforces ABB’s growing role in the digital transformation of cement manufacturing in India, where improving process efficiency and reducing energy consumption remain critical to the industry’s long-term sustainability.

With the advanced process control system now implemented at its Srinagar facility, TCI MAX aims to build on the initial operational improvements and further optimise production efficiency, clinker consistency and environmental performance.

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Ramco Cements’ Hard Worker Wins Eight Awards at ‘Love of Advertising Awards 2026’

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Ramco Cements’ Hard Worker brand wins eight awards for excellence in advertising, packaging and brand identity at the Love of Advertising Awards 2026.

Hyderabad 

The Ramco Cements Limited’s construction chemicals brand, Hard Worker, has secured eight awards at the Love of Advertising Awards 2026, recognising its creative excellence across television, digital advertising, packaging design and brand identity.

Organised by the Advertising Club of Trivandrum, the awards were presented at a ceremony held at The Leela Raviz, Kovalam, on 24 October 2026. The recognition highlights Hard Worker’s integrated marketing strategy and its efforts to establish a distinctive presence in India’s competitive construction chemicals market.

The eight awards span multiple creative categories, reflecting the brand’s approach to combining product-focused communication with engaging storytelling, humour and innovative design. Through its campaigns, Hard Worker has sought to simplify technical product benefits and make construction chemicals more accessible and relatable to consumers and construction professionals.

Built around the philosophy of “Hard-working products for hardworking people”, the brand focuses on communicating practical product advantages through memorable advertising narratives while maintaining a consistent identity across different marketing platforms.

Its campaigns for Ramco Hard Worker Eco Plaster and Tile Fix have been central to this approach. The Eco Plaster campaign highlights water conservation through the product’s self-curing properties, positioning it as a solution that supports more efficient construction practices. Meanwhile, Tile Fix promotes specialised tile-fixing solutions by presenting their practical benefits through relatable situations and creative storytelling.

Beyond advertising, Hard Worker has invested in distinctive packaging and brand identity development to improve product recognition and maintain consistency across customer touchpoints. This integrated approach has helped the brand differentiate itself in a category where marketing communication has traditionally focused on technical specifications and functional performance.

A V Dharmakrishnan, CEO, Ramco Cements, said, “Winning eight awards at the Love of Advertising Awards is a proud moment for Ramco Cements and the Hard Worker team. We believe that building a strong brand requires not only quality products but also the ability to communicate their value in a compelling and differentiated manner. Hard Worker’s journey reflects our commitment to combining product performance with innovative marketing to create meaningful connections with our customers and strengthen our presence in the construction chemicals market.”

The recognition comes as building materials manufacturers increasingly focus on brand differentiation, product awareness and customer engagement to strengthen their position in the construction chemicals segment.

By using humour and storytelling to explain product applications and benefits, Hard Worker aims to bridge the communication gap between technical construction solutions and the practical requirements of contractors, applicators and end-users.

Balaji K. Moorthy, Executive Director – Marketing, Ramco Cements, said, “Hard Worker was conceived to bring a fresh perspective to the construction chemicals category, where product communication has traditionally been functional and technical. Our endeavour has been to break through the clutter with distinctive ideas, humour and storytelling, while keeping the product proposition at the heart of every campaign. The recognition across TV and digital advertising, packaging design and brand identity design demonstrates our integrated approach to building the brand. These eight awards are an encouraging recognition of the creative thinking and collaborative effort behind Hard Worker’s marketing initiatives.”

The awards add to Hard Worker’s growing portfolio of creative recognitions and reinforce Ramco Cements’ emphasis on integrating product innovation with strategic marketing.

The brand’s communication initiatives also reflect a wider shift in the construction materials industry, where manufacturers are increasingly adopting consumer-focused marketing strategies to improve product understanding and strengthen relationships with construction professionals.

With its portfolio of construction chemicals, Hard Worker aims to address evolving requirements for durability, application efficiency and construction quality. Its marketing efforts seek to complement these product attributes by building stronger awareness and encouraging the adoption of specialised construction solutions.

Ramco Cements, one of India’s established cement manufacturers, operates across cement and allied building solutions. Through Hard Worker, the company is expanding its presence in the construction chemicals segment with products designed to enhance performance, quality and durability in modern construction applications.

The latest recognition strengthens Hard Worker’s brand visibility and underscores the growing importance of creative communication in promoting technical building materials. Ramco Cements intends to continue combining product development with distinctive marketing initiatives to support the brand’s growth in India’s construction chemicals market.

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