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Measurement, Monitoring and Supply-Chain Transparency

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Smitha Shetty, Regional Director, APAC, Achilles Information, explains why accurate measurement, real-time monitoring, and transparent supply chains are essential for India’s cement sector to achieve credible, data-driven decarbonisation and global competitiveness on the road to Net Zero.

Cement is an indispensable building material of modern times and is the second most consumed commodity after water. Even though cement is an important element across the globe, the environmental impact of it is huge. Precisely, cement production contributes 4 per cent to India’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. As a result of rapid urbanisation and higher infrastructure spending, the demand for cement and allied materials is increasing, which is resulting in a substantial jump in carbon emissions.
China is the largest cement manufacturer in the world, which produced 1858.9 million metric tonnes in 2024. Notably, it is more than half of the global output. India comes second, though with a much lower output of 440.5 million metric tonnes. Notably, India is not the biggest emitter but the domestic cement companies are at par with their global counterparts in adopting measures to cut carbon emissions.
Limestone (calcium carbonate) is the main raw material for making cement and its conversion into clinker (calcium oxide) produces a significant share of CO2 emissions. In fact, CO2 is the major component of the total greenhouse gases (GHG) emitted during the manufacturing process. Another notable source emission is the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal and pet coke. It is estimated that one third of the emissions from the cement industries is due to the burning of fossil fuels for converting limestone into lime. In addition, power generation from the captive power plants using coal or diesel is also creating a considerable amount of emissions.
As India charts its journey toward Net Zero by 2070, decarbonising cement is no longer optional, it is mandatory and is a top priority for the country. India urgently needs a capability stack built on accurate measurement, continuous monitoring, and supply-chain transparency that turns data into decisions.

Getting the baseline right: Key to measurement
It is important to have an accurate greenhouse-gas baseline for cement companies. An accurate baseline can be achieved through plant-level accounting of fuel consumption, kiln efficiencies, clinker factor and processing of CO2 from calcination. Standardised emissions calculators and national guidance tailored for Indian operations already exist — they reduce inconsistencies in how Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions are reported and make comparisons meaningful across plants. Reliable baselines allow firms to prioritise the biggest levers — fuel switching, clinker substitution, energy efficiency and, in time, carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS). Cement companies should adopt globally recognised algorithms, ensuring accurate emissions tracking and compliance with international standards like the Greenhouse
Gas Protocol. This strengthens accountability and credibility across stakeholders.

Monitoring: From regular audits to real-time signal
Over the years, many cement plants have depended on periodic audits and utility bills to decide upon the emission numbers. However, that may result in critical emissions remaining unnoticed and thereby increasing the chances of pollution. Today technology has advanced and cement plants can use Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, advance metering and process instrumentation which can help in getting hold of the energy use, fuel mix, temperatures and kiln performance in real-time and can send quick signals to the plants. Coupled with AI-driven analytics, this data is enabled to detect anomalies, prescriptive maintenance and load optimisation that can quickly help in material emissions reduction. It also enables benchmark comparisons and continuous improvement opportunities.

Scope 1 and Scope 3: Dual priorities for India’s cement sector
For cement producers in India, Scope 1 emissions are by far the largest share of their carbon footprint. These arise primarily from calcination of limestone and the direct use of fossil fuels in kilns, and addressing them remains the foremost priority. However, cement companies also have a role to play in influencing Scope 3 emissions across their value chains. While Scope 3 accounts for a smaller portion of total
sector emissions compared to Scope 1, it represents a critical opportunity to align with India’s wider decarbonisation efforts.
Companies can begin by optimising inbound and outbound logistics. Transitioning to low-carbon transport fleets in collaboration with logistics partners, shifting to rail and waterborne transport where feasible, and adopting digital platforms for route optimisation can significantly reduce transport-related emissions.
Sourcing alternative materials is another lever. By working with suppliers to increase the use of fly ash, slag, construction and demolition waste, and other industrial by-products, cement companies can reduce dependence on clinker while promoting a circular economy. This opens avenues for local resource optimisation and waste valorisation, while cutting emissions embedded in raw material extraction and processing.

Equally important is supplier engagement.
Large cement firms can enable smaller and medium-sized suppliers through technical assistance, joint capacity-building programmes, and digital platforms that support emissions reporting and data transparency. Many suppliers lack the resources to independently invest in low-carbon solutions, but partnerships with larger cement companies can help bridge this gap. Incentives, technology upgrades, and sustainability-linked procurement terms can create ripple effects that lift environmental performance across the value chain.
In this way, even as cement companies continue to address their significant Scope 1 emissions, they can simultaneously strengthen their contribution to India’s decarbonisation journey by reducing Scope 3 impacts. The combination of direct emissions reduction within plants and indirect improvements across supply chains represents a holistic approach, one that can position India’s cement industry as both resilient and globally competitive in a low-carbon future.

CCUS: India needs to move fast
Cement industry’s decarbonisation efforts must further address technological challenges such as Carbon Capture Utilisation and Storage (CCUS). India has to fast-track legislation, funding and
action plan in this regard to adopt carbon capture technologies, while the US, Japan and the EU have made significant progress on the front. CCUS is the process of capturing CO2 directly from large industries that use fossil fuels.
The captured CO2 is then stored in another location to be used in some industrial applications or injected into deep geological formations where the gas can be stored safely. It can effectively cut emissions from hard-to-abate industries – where emission is unavoidable – such as cement and steel, and remove CO2 from air to balance industrial emissions. India must also come out with a robust policy framework to develop a carbon market and carbon credit scheme, and provide market support for mitigation methods. Public-private partnerships and incentives are vital to scale CCUS deployment.

Conclusion
India’s cement sector stands at the crossroads now. While the booming demand of infrastructure in the country forces them to increase capacity, it also needs to cut emissions effectively for a greener world, for which the entire globe is clamouring for. Measurement, monitoring and supply chain transparency are not optional things for the cement industry. They are the critical pillars of decarbonisation. When plants are pedalled properly, when suppliers are traceable and when independent verifications are carried out to complement corporate reporting, India’s cement sector gains the credibility and the know-how to scale up low carbon emission drive. The transition will however not be cheap and nor easy too but by putting data at the centre, all the stakeholders – the cement companies, the suppliers and the government – can prioritise the high impact actions and attract funding for a greener India. It will also send a message to the world that India’s effort to decarbonise its cement sector is concrete, verifiable and accurately data-driven.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR:
Smitha Shetty, Regional Director, APAC, Achilles Information, holds over 18 years of experience driving sustainable growth, operational excellence, and net zero focused supply chain solutions.

Economy & Market

Smart Pumping for Rock Blasting

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SEEPEX introduces BN pumps with Smart Joint Access (SJA) to improve efficiency, reliability, and inspection speed in demanding rock blasting operations.
Designed for abrasive and chemical media, the solution supports precise dosing, reduced downtime, and enhanced operational safety.

SEEPEX has introduced BN pumps with Smart Joint Access (SJA), engineered for the reliable and precise transfer of abrasive, corrosive, and chemical media in mining and construction. Designed for rock blasting, the pump features a large inspection opening for quick joint checks, a compact footprint for mobile or skid-mounted installations, and flexible drive and material options for consistent performance and uptime.

“Operators can inspect joints quickly and rely on precise pumping of shear-sensitive and abrasive emulsions,” said Magalie Levray, Global Business Development Manager Mining at SEEPEX. “This is particularly critical in rock blasting, where every borehole counts for productivity.” Industry Context

Rock blasting is essential for extracting hard rock and shaping safe excavation profiles in mining and construction. Accurate and consistent loading of explosive emulsions ensures controlled fragmentation, protects personnel, and maximizes productivity. Even minor deviations in pumping can cause delays or reduce product quality. BN pumps with SJA support routine maintenance and pre-operation checks by allowing fast verification of joint integrity, enabling more efficient operations.

Always Inspection Ready

Smart Joint Access is designed for inspection-friendly operations. The large inspection opening in the suction housing provides direct access to both joints, enabling rapid pre-operation checks while maintaining high operational reliability. Technicians can assess joint condition quickly, supporting continuous, reliable operation.

Key Features

  • Compact Footprint: Fits truck-mounted mobile units, skid-mounted systems, and factory installations.
  • Flexible Drive Options: Compact hydraulic drive or electric drive configurations.
  • Hydraulic Efficiency: Low-displacement design reduces oil requirements and supports low total cost of ownership.
  • Equal Wall Stator Design: Ensures high-pressure performance in a compact footprint.
  • Material Flexibility: Stainless steel or steel housings, chrome-plated rotors, and stators in NBR, EPDM, or FKM.

Operators benefit from shorter inspection cycles, reliable dosing, seamless integration, and fast delivery through framework agreements, helping to maintain uptime in critical rock blasting processes.

Applications – Optimized for Rock Blasting

BN pumps with SJA are designed for mining, tunneling, quarrying, civil works, dam construction, and other sectors requiring precise handling of abrasive or chemical media. They provide robust performance while enabling fast, reliable inspection and maintenance.With SJA, operators can quickly access both joints without disassembly, ensuring emulsions are transferred accurately and consistently. This reduces downtime, preserves product integrity, and supports uniform dosing across multiple bore holes.

With the Smart Joint Access inspection opening, operators can quickly access and assess the condition of both joints without disassembly, enabling immediate verification of pump readiness prior to blast hole loading. This allows operators to confirm that emulsions are transferred accurately and consistently, protecting personnel, minimizing product degradation, and maintaining uniform dosing across multiple bore holes.

The combination of equal wall stator design, compact integration, flexible drives, and progressive cavity pump technology ensures continuous, reliable operation even in space-limited, high-pressure environments.

From Inspection to Operation

A leading explosives provider implemented BN pumps with SJA in open pit and underground operations. By replacing legacy pumps, inspection cycles were significantly shortened, allowing crews to complete pre-operation checks and return mobile units to productive work faster. Direct joint access through SJA enabled immediate verification, consistent emulsion dosing, and reduced downtime caused by joint-related deviations.

“The inspection opening gives immediate confidence that each joint is secure before proceeding to bore holes,” said a site technician. “It allows us to act quickly, keeping blasting schedules on track.”

Framework agreements ensured rapid pump supply and minimal downtime, supporting multi-site operations across continents

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Concrete

Digital process control is transforming grinding

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Satish Maheshwari, Chief Manufacturing Officer, Shree Cement, delves into how digital intelligence is transforming cement grinding into a predictive, stable, and energy-efficient operation.

Grinding sits at the heart of cement manufacturing, accounting for the largest share of electrical energy consumption. In this interview, Satish Maheshwari, Chief Manufacturing Officer, Shree Cement, explains how advanced grinding technologies, data-driven optimisation and process intelligence are transforming mill performance, reducing power consumption and supporting the industry’s decarbonisation goals.

How has the grinding process evolved in Indian cement plants to meet rising efficiency and sustainability expectations?
Over the past decade, Indian cement plants have seen a clear evolution in grinding technology, moving from conventional open-circuit ball mills to high-efficiency closed-circuit systems, Roller Press–Ball Mill combinations and Vertical Roller Mills (VRMs). This shift has been supported by advances in separator design, improved wear-resistant materials, and the growing use of digital process automation. As a result, grinding units today operate as highly controlled manufacturing systems where real-time data, process intelligence and efficient separation work together to deliver stable and predictable performance.
From a sustainability perspective, these developments directly reduce specific power consumption, improve equipment reliability and lower the carbon footprint per tonne of cement produced.

How critical is grinding optimisation in reducing specific power consumption across ball mills and VRMs?
Grinding is the largest consumer of electrical energy in a cement plant, which makes optimisation one of the most effective levers for improving energy efficiency. In ball mill systems, optimisation through correct media selection, charge design, diaphragm configuration, ventilation management and separator tuning can typically deliver power savings of 5 per cent to 8 per cent. In VRMs, fine-tuning airflow balance, grinding pressure, nozzle ring settings, and circulating load can unlock energy reductions in the range of 8 per cent to 12 per cent. Across both systems, sustained operation under stable conditions is critical. Consistency in mill loading and operating parameters improves quality control, reduces wear, and enables long-term energy efficiency, making stability a key operational KPI.

What challenges arise in maintaining consistent cement quality when using alternative raw materials and blended compositions?
The increased use of alternative raw materials and supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) introduces variability in chemistry, moisture, hardness, and loss on ignition. This variability makes it more challenging to maintain consistent fineness, particle size distribution, throughput and downstream performance parameters such as setting time, strength development and workability.
As clinker substitution levels rise, grinding precision becomes increasingly important. Even small improvements in consistency enable higher SCM utilisation without compromising cement performance.
Addressing these challenges requires stronger feed homogenisation, real-time quality monitoring and dynamic adjustment of grinding parameters so that output quality remains stable despite changing input characteristics.

How is digital process control changing the way grinding performance is optimised?
Digital process control is transforming grinding from an operator-dependent activity into a predictive, model-driven operation. Technologies such as online particle size and residue analysers, AI-based optimisation platforms, digital twins for VRMs and Roller Press systems, and advanced process control solutions are redefining how performance is managed.
At the same time, workforce roles are evolving. Operators are increasingly focused on interpreting data trends through digital dashboards and responding proactively rather than relying on manual interventions. Together, these tools improve mill stability, enable faster response to disturbances, maintain consistent fineness, and reduce specific energy consumption while minimising manual effort.

How do you see grinding technologies supporting the industry’s low-clinker and decarbonisation goals?
Modern grinding technologies are central to the industry’s decarbonisation efforts. They enable higher incorporation of SCMs such as fly ash, slag, and limestone, improve particle fineness and reactivity, and reduce overall power consumption. Efficient grinding makes it possible to maintain consistent cement quality at lower clinker factors. Every improvement in energy intensity and particle engineering directly contributes to lower CO2 emissions.
As India moves toward low-carbon construction, precision grinding will remain a foundational capability for delivering sustainable, high-performance cement aligned with national and global climate objectives.

How much potential does grinding optimisation hold for immediate energy
and cost savings?
The potential for near-term savings is substantial. Without major capital investment, most plants can achieve 5 per cent to 15 per cent power reduction through measures such as improving separator efficiency, optimising ventilation, refining media grading, and fine-tuning operating parameters.
With continued capacity expansion across India, advanced optimisation tools will help ensure that productivity gains are not matched by proportional increases in energy demand. Given current power costs, this translates into direct and measurable financial benefits, making grinding optimisation one of the fastest-payback operational initiatives available to cement manufacturers today.

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Concrete

Refractory demands in our kiln have changed

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Radha Singh, Senior Manager (P&Q), Shree Digvijay Cement, points out why performance, predictability and life-cycle value now matter more than routine replacement in cement kilns.

As Indian cement plants push for higher throughput, increased alternative fuel usage and tighter shutdown cycles, refractory performance in kilns and pyro-processing systems is under growing pressure. In this interview, Radha Singh, Senior Manager (P&Q), Shree Digvijay Cement, shares how refractory demands have evolved on the ground and how smarter digital monitoring is improving kiln stability, uptime and clinker quality.

How have refractory demands changed in your kiln and pyro-processing line over the last five years?
Over the last five years, refractory demands in our kiln and pyro line have changed. Earlier, the focus was mostly on standard grades and routine shutdown-based replacement. But now, because of higher production loads, more alternative fuels and raw materials (AFR) usage and greater temperature variation, the expectation from refractory has increased.
In our own case, the current kiln refractory has already completed around 1.5 years, which itself shows how much more we now rely on materials that can handle thermal shock, alkali attack and coating fluctuations. We have moved towards more stable, high-performance linings so that we don’t have to enter the kiln frequently for repairs.
Overall, the shift has been from just ‘installation and run’ to selecting refractories that give longer life, better coating behaviour and more predictable performance under tougher operating conditions.

What are the biggest refractory challenges in the preheater, calciner and cooler zones?
• Preheater: Coating instability, chloride/sulphur cycles and brick erosion.
• Calciner: AFR firing, thermal shock and alkali infiltration.
• Cooler: Severe abrasion, red-river formation and mechanical stress on linings.
Overall, the biggest challenge is maintaining lining stability under highly variable operating conditions.

How do you evaluate and select refractory partners for long-term performance?
In real plant conditions, we don’t select a refractory partner just by looking at price. First, we see their past performance in similar kilns and whether their material has actually survived our operating conditions. We also check how strong their technical support is during shutdowns, because installation quality matters as much as the material itself.
Another key point is how quickly they respond during breakdowns or hot spots. A good partner should be available on short notice. We also look at their failure analysis capability, whether they can explain why a lining failed and suggest improvements.
On top of this, we review the life they delivered in the last few campaigns, their supply reliability and their willingness to offer plant-specific custom solutions instead of generic grades. Only a partner who supports us throughout the life cycle, which includes selection, installation, monitoring and post-failure analysis, fits our long-term requirement.

Can you share a recent example where better refractory selection improved uptime or clinker quality?
Recently, we upgraded to a high-abrasion basic brick at the kiln outlet. Earlier we had frequent chipping and coating loss. With the new lining, thermal stability improved and the coating became much more stable. As a result, our shutdown interval increased and clinker quality remained more consistent. It had a direct impact on our uptime.

How is increased AFR use affecting refractory behaviour?
Increased AFR use is definitely putting more stress on the refractory. The biggest issue we see daily is the rise in chlorine, alkalis and volatiles, which directly attack the lining, especially in the calciner and kiln inlet. AFR firing is also not as stable as conventional fuel, so we face frequent temperature fluctuations, which cause more thermal shock and small cracks in the lining.
Another real problem is coating instability. Some days the coating builds too fast, other days it suddenly drops, and both conditions impact refractory life. We also notice more dust circulation and buildup inside the calciner whenever the AFR mix changes, which again increases erosion.
Because of these practical issues, we have started relying more on alkali-resistant, low-porosity and better thermal shock–resistant materials to handle the additional stress coming from AFR.

What role does digital monitoring or thermal profiling play in your refractory strategy?
Digital tools like kiln shell scanners, IR imaging and thermal profiling help us detect weakening areas much earlier. This reduces unplanned shutdowns, helps identify hotspots accurately and allows us to replace only the critical sections. Overall, our maintenance has shifted from reactive to predictive, improving lining life significantly.

How do you balance cost, durability and installation speed during refractory shutdowns?
We focus on three points:
• Material quality that suits our thermal profile and chemistry.
• Installation speed, in fast turnarounds, we prefer monolithic.
• Life-cycle cost—the cheapest material is not the most economical. We look at durability, future downtime and total cost of ownership.
This balance ensures reliable performance without unnecessary expenditure.

What refractory or pyro-processing innovations could transform Indian cement operations?
Some promising developments include:
• High-performance, low-porosity and nano-bonded refractories
• Precast modular linings to drastically reduce shutdown time
• AI-driven kiln thermal analytics
• Advanced coating management solutions
• More AFR-compatible refractory mixes

These innovations can significantly improve kiln stability, efficiency and maintenance planning across the industry.

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