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Economy & Market

Application of Load Cells in Cement Plants

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Rakesh Valeja, Managing Director, Thames Side Sensors India, highlights how advanced load cell technology enhances accuracy, process efficiency and legal compliance across every stage of cement production.

Load cells are electronic sensors that convert force or weight into an electrical signal. In cement plants, they provide the backbone for accurate measurement across the entire value chain – from quarrying limestone to dispatching finished cement – enabling inventory control, process automation, quality assurance, safety and legal-for-trade weighing.
The most widely used form in heavy industry weighing is the strain gauge load cell, which measures deformation of a small elastic element and converts that strain into a stable millivolt output proportional to load. Strain gauge load cells are rugged, reliable and available in compression, tension (S type) and shear/bending forms to suit different application, mounting and environmental needs.
Thames Side Sensors, with over 40 years of expertise, designs and manufactures precision load cells and weighing electronics for industries like cement, process weighing, and automation. Produced in Barcelona with stringent quality control, its products—ranging from 300g to 1,000 tonnes—ensure accuracy, durability, and global reliability. With warehouses in Mumbai and the UK, and certifications like ATEX, OIML, IP68, and IP69K, Thames Side provides trusted, high-performance solutions for diverse industrial weighing applications.

Load cells: From limestone to cement
Load cells are used at every stage, as part of weighing systems, during conversion of limestone to cement. Limestone undergoes a multi-stage transformation before becoming cement. The journey begins at open-pit mines, where drilling and controlled blasting techniques are used to extract the raw limestone. Once recovered, the material is transported to crushing units that reduce it to manageable fragments. These crushed particles are then combined with other essential ingredients such as clay and milled into a fine, homogenous powder. This raw mix is fed into a rotary kiln and subjected to intense heat, typically exceeding 1400°C, which initiates chemical reactions that form solid nodules known as clinker.
After cooling, the clinker is finely ground together with a small proportion of additives such as gypsum, fly ash, calcined clay, granulated blast furnace slag, iron ore, manganese oxide, tricalcium aluminate etc., resulting in the finished cement product ready for packaging and distribution.

Quarry and limestone handling (mining, haulage and stockpiles)
Truck scales (or the weighbridges) at the quarry use large compression or double ended shear beam load cells installed under the deck to capture the vehicle plus load. These cells must tolerate impact, shock and wide temperature swings; Thames Side Sensor’s rugged compression load cell models such as the T34 and T35 family are suitable for robust static weighbridges installations. These load cells are available in both – analogue and digital versions.
Under hopper load cells provide real time feed rate and mass flow control to crushers and conveyors; shear/bending beam cells with IP68 protection and overload stops are recommended. Thames Side single ended shear beam/bending solutions work well in this role.
For intermediate inventory control, a combination of weighbridge and belt weighers is common. Rugged Compression load cells and Robust bending beam models from Thames Side Sensors ensure long service life in dusty quarry environments.
Continuous mass flow on long conveyors is monitored by idler mounted instrumentation and Belt scales that often use Thames Side Sensors’ Bending Beam T66, Shear Beam T85 or S type (T60/T61) load cells. These load cells are specifically designed for conveyor and batching plant duties and offer the sensitivity and sealing needed for accurate dynamic measurements.

Raw material dosing and batch plant (crushing, grinding, blending)
High-accuracy weighing systems, including load cells on hoppers and feeders, play a critical role in maintaining blend precision and process stability.
Accurate batching of limestone, clay and additives is done with hopper or bin weighing systems. Vessel/silo weighing with multiple load cells provides static inventory and batch control; Thames Side supplies legal-for-trade approved silo, tank and hopper weighing load cells along with mounting assemblies designed for this purpose.
For controlled dosing into ball mills and raw mix blenders, Single point T12 or Bending beam T66 load cells deliver precise weight measurement for weigh feeder applications.
Loss in weight or weigh belt controls using single ended shear beam T85 or bending beam cells T66 ensure steady throughput to the ball mill and protect downstream process stability.

Kiln feed, clinker handling and kiln support systems
Accuracy in kiln feed is vital for kiln stability and fuel efficiency. Loss in weight feeders and weigh feeders typically use bending beam or single point load cells; Thames Side load cell model T66 and T12 are suitable for both the dosing accuracy and industrial sealing required.
For the clinker transfer bunkers and hot material handling robust load cells are required with appropriate thermal isolation and protective housings; Thames Side’s silo and hopper weighing solutions include Rugged Compression column T34 load cells with its mounting assemblies and instrumentation tailored for bulk solids monitoring in challenging environments. The T34 cells are available in 10t to 1000t capacities.

Cement finish milling, storage silos and load out
Cement finish milling reduces cooled clinker and additives to a fine powder, with precise grinding and gypsum addition to control setting time. Accurate feeders and load cell equipped hoppers ensure consistent mill feed and uniform product quality. Finished cement is stored in silos monitored by Bin Level Measuring Systems for inventory control and dispatch planning. Loadout operations use silo discharge controls, bulk tanker filling systems, and legal-for-trade approved weighbridges to ensure correct quantities for customers.
Thames Side Sensors offers complete silo/tank/hopper weighing solutions designed for bulk storage measurement and communication with plant control systems.
For the cement mill and final blending stage, precise small hopper weighing enables consistent cement fineness and additive dosing. Static vehicle weighbridges at despatch use heavy duty compression load cells (e.g., T34/T35) selected for long term reliability and trade accuracy, allowing accurate ticketing for commercial dispatch.

Packing, bagging and palletising
Bagging lines fill and seal cement into sacks using highspeed gravimetric or volumetric fillers that prioritise accuracy and throughput. Load cell equipped fillers and platform scales ensure each bag meets target weight and maintains tight tolerances for quality control. Automated palletisers and case packers then arrange filled bags onto pallets for secure storage and transport, with checkweighers and inline scales providing final verification. Integrated data capture from the weighing systems feeds traceability, production reporting, and despatch reconciliation.
Highspeed bagging and valve type packers
require fast, repeatable weight measurement at the filling nozzle or weigh platform. Thames Side Sensors’ bending beam load cell model T66 is explicitly recommended for batching and cement packer applications where speed and resolution matter.
Big bag (FIBC) filling machines suspend the bag from load cells during fill; S type or specially designed suspended weighing cells are ideal. Thames Side S beam T60/T61 and Single ended Shear Beam T85 load cells are designed for suspended tank/vessel and big bag filling duties and are a practical standard for plant spares and maintenance.

Transit, despatch and legal-for-trade approved weighing Transit and despatch operations rely on legal-for-trade approved weighbridges to provide legally valid mass measurements for customer deliveries and revenue reconciliation. Weighbridge systems, calibrated and certified to local metrology standards, ensure accuracy and defensible transaction records.
Complementary checks use bulk tanker scales, on-board systems and batch tickets to cross-verify loads before release. Integrated weighing data is linked to ERP and dispatch systems for invoicing, inventory control and audit trails.
For legal for trade transactions at dispatch, the weighing system must meet regulatory approvals and be mounted with heavy duty compression
load cells. Thames Side’s heavier compression load cell families like the T34/T35 meet the structural and environmental requirements for weighbridge installations.

Instrumentation, integration and environmental considerations
Accurate load cell measurement requires properly matched transmitters, junction boxes and controllers with protocols for PLC/DCS/SCADA integration. Thames Side’s weighing systems include instrumentation options compatible with common industrial protocols to integrate silo inventory and despatch data into plant systems.
Dust, moisture, corrosive atmospheres and vibration demand high-IP rated welded load cells with robust cable sealing and protective mounts. Thames Side’s product families cited above are designed and specified for industrial bulk solids environments and include suitable sealing and mounting assemblies.

Conclusion
Strain gauge load cells are the measurement of backbone across a cement plant’s entire lifecycle. Standardising on proven load cell families such as Thames Side’s Bending Beam T66, Shear Beam T85, Single Point T12 for feeders, conveyors and bagging and T34 compression load cells for heavy weighbridge and silo support simplifies spares, commissioning and maintenance while delivering the accuracy.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR:
Rakesh Valeja, Managing Director, Thames Side Sensors India, holds over 35 years in India’s weighing and automation industry and is known for his ethical leadership and strategic acumen.

Economy & Market

Smart Pumping for Rock Blasting

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SEEPEX introduces BN pumps with Smart Joint Access (SJA) to improve efficiency, reliability, and inspection speed in demanding rock blasting operations.
Designed for abrasive and chemical media, the solution supports precise dosing, reduced downtime, and enhanced operational safety.

SEEPEX has introduced BN pumps with Smart Joint Access (SJA), engineered for the reliable and precise transfer of abrasive, corrosive, and chemical media in mining and construction. Designed for rock blasting, the pump features a large inspection opening for quick joint checks, a compact footprint for mobile or skid-mounted installations, and flexible drive and material options for consistent performance and uptime.

“Operators can inspect joints quickly and rely on precise pumping of shear-sensitive and abrasive emulsions,” said Magalie Levray, Global Business Development Manager Mining at SEEPEX. “This is particularly critical in rock blasting, where every borehole counts for productivity.” Industry Context

Rock blasting is essential for extracting hard rock and shaping safe excavation profiles in mining and construction. Accurate and consistent loading of explosive emulsions ensures controlled fragmentation, protects personnel, and maximizes productivity. Even minor deviations in pumping can cause delays or reduce product quality. BN pumps with SJA support routine maintenance and pre-operation checks by allowing fast verification of joint integrity, enabling more efficient operations.

Always Inspection Ready

Smart Joint Access is designed for inspection-friendly operations. The large inspection opening in the suction housing provides direct access to both joints, enabling rapid pre-operation checks while maintaining high operational reliability. Technicians can assess joint condition quickly, supporting continuous, reliable operation.

Key Features

  • Compact Footprint: Fits truck-mounted mobile units, skid-mounted systems, and factory installations.
  • Flexible Drive Options: Compact hydraulic drive or electric drive configurations.
  • Hydraulic Efficiency: Low-displacement design reduces oil requirements and supports low total cost of ownership.
  • Equal Wall Stator Design: Ensures high-pressure performance in a compact footprint.
  • Material Flexibility: Stainless steel or steel housings, chrome-plated rotors, and stators in NBR, EPDM, or FKM.

Operators benefit from shorter inspection cycles, reliable dosing, seamless integration, and fast delivery through framework agreements, helping to maintain uptime in critical rock blasting processes.

Applications – Optimized for Rock Blasting

BN pumps with SJA are designed for mining, tunneling, quarrying, civil works, dam construction, and other sectors requiring precise handling of abrasive or chemical media. They provide robust performance while enabling fast, reliable inspection and maintenance.With SJA, operators can quickly access both joints without disassembly, ensuring emulsions are transferred accurately and consistently. This reduces downtime, preserves product integrity, and supports uniform dosing across multiple bore holes.

With the Smart Joint Access inspection opening, operators can quickly access and assess the condition of both joints without disassembly, enabling immediate verification of pump readiness prior to blast hole loading. This allows operators to confirm that emulsions are transferred accurately and consistently, protecting personnel, minimizing product degradation, and maintaining uniform dosing across multiple bore holes.

The combination of equal wall stator design, compact integration, flexible drives, and progressive cavity pump technology ensures continuous, reliable operation even in space-limited, high-pressure environments.

From Inspection to Operation

A leading explosives provider implemented BN pumps with SJA in open pit and underground operations. By replacing legacy pumps, inspection cycles were significantly shortened, allowing crews to complete pre-operation checks and return mobile units to productive work faster. Direct joint access through SJA enabled immediate verification, consistent emulsion dosing, and reduced downtime caused by joint-related deviations.

“The inspection opening gives immediate confidence that each joint is secure before proceeding to bore holes,” said a site technician. “It allows us to act quickly, keeping blasting schedules on track.”

Framework agreements ensured rapid pump supply and minimal downtime, supporting multi-site operations across continents

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Concrete

Digital process control is transforming grinding

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Satish Maheshwari, Chief Manufacturing Officer, Shree Cement, delves into how digital intelligence is transforming cement grinding into a predictive, stable, and energy-efficient operation.

Grinding sits at the heart of cement manufacturing, accounting for the largest share of electrical energy consumption. In this interview, Satish Maheshwari, Chief Manufacturing Officer, Shree Cement, explains how advanced grinding technologies, data-driven optimisation and process intelligence are transforming mill performance, reducing power consumption and supporting the industry’s decarbonisation goals.

How has the grinding process evolved in Indian cement plants to meet rising efficiency and sustainability expectations?
Over the past decade, Indian cement plants have seen a clear evolution in grinding technology, moving from conventional open-circuit ball mills to high-efficiency closed-circuit systems, Roller Press–Ball Mill combinations and Vertical Roller Mills (VRMs). This shift has been supported by advances in separator design, improved wear-resistant materials, and the growing use of digital process automation. As a result, grinding units today operate as highly controlled manufacturing systems where real-time data, process intelligence and efficient separation work together to deliver stable and predictable performance.
From a sustainability perspective, these developments directly reduce specific power consumption, improve equipment reliability and lower the carbon footprint per tonne of cement produced.

How critical is grinding optimisation in reducing specific power consumption across ball mills and VRMs?
Grinding is the largest consumer of electrical energy in a cement plant, which makes optimisation one of the most effective levers for improving energy efficiency. In ball mill systems, optimisation through correct media selection, charge design, diaphragm configuration, ventilation management and separator tuning can typically deliver power savings of 5 per cent to 8 per cent. In VRMs, fine-tuning airflow balance, grinding pressure, nozzle ring settings, and circulating load can unlock energy reductions in the range of 8 per cent to 12 per cent. Across both systems, sustained operation under stable conditions is critical. Consistency in mill loading and operating parameters improves quality control, reduces wear, and enables long-term energy efficiency, making stability a key operational KPI.

What challenges arise in maintaining consistent cement quality when using alternative raw materials and blended compositions?
The increased use of alternative raw materials and supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) introduces variability in chemistry, moisture, hardness, and loss on ignition. This variability makes it more challenging to maintain consistent fineness, particle size distribution, throughput and downstream performance parameters such as setting time, strength development and workability.
As clinker substitution levels rise, grinding precision becomes increasingly important. Even small improvements in consistency enable higher SCM utilisation without compromising cement performance.
Addressing these challenges requires stronger feed homogenisation, real-time quality monitoring and dynamic adjustment of grinding parameters so that output quality remains stable despite changing input characteristics.

How is digital process control changing the way grinding performance is optimised?
Digital process control is transforming grinding from an operator-dependent activity into a predictive, model-driven operation. Technologies such as online particle size and residue analysers, AI-based optimisation platforms, digital twins for VRMs and Roller Press systems, and advanced process control solutions are redefining how performance is managed.
At the same time, workforce roles are evolving. Operators are increasingly focused on interpreting data trends through digital dashboards and responding proactively rather than relying on manual interventions. Together, these tools improve mill stability, enable faster response to disturbances, maintain consistent fineness, and reduce specific energy consumption while minimising manual effort.

How do you see grinding technologies supporting the industry’s low-clinker and decarbonisation goals?
Modern grinding technologies are central to the industry’s decarbonisation efforts. They enable higher incorporation of SCMs such as fly ash, slag, and limestone, improve particle fineness and reactivity, and reduce overall power consumption. Efficient grinding makes it possible to maintain consistent cement quality at lower clinker factors. Every improvement in energy intensity and particle engineering directly contributes to lower CO2 emissions.
As India moves toward low-carbon construction, precision grinding will remain a foundational capability for delivering sustainable, high-performance cement aligned with national and global climate objectives.

How much potential does grinding optimisation hold for immediate energy
and cost savings?
The potential for near-term savings is substantial. Without major capital investment, most plants can achieve 5 per cent to 15 per cent power reduction through measures such as improving separator efficiency, optimising ventilation, refining media grading, and fine-tuning operating parameters.
With continued capacity expansion across India, advanced optimisation tools will help ensure that productivity gains are not matched by proportional increases in energy demand. Given current power costs, this translates into direct and measurable financial benefits, making grinding optimisation one of the fastest-payback operational initiatives available to cement manufacturers today.

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Concrete

Refractory demands in our kiln have changed

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Radha Singh, Senior Manager (P&Q), Shree Digvijay Cement, points out why performance, predictability and life-cycle value now matter more than routine replacement in cement kilns.

As Indian cement plants push for higher throughput, increased alternative fuel usage and tighter shutdown cycles, refractory performance in kilns and pyro-processing systems is under growing pressure. In this interview, Radha Singh, Senior Manager (P&Q), Shree Digvijay Cement, shares how refractory demands have evolved on the ground and how smarter digital monitoring is improving kiln stability, uptime and clinker quality.

How have refractory demands changed in your kiln and pyro-processing line over the last five years?
Over the last five years, refractory demands in our kiln and pyro line have changed. Earlier, the focus was mostly on standard grades and routine shutdown-based replacement. But now, because of higher production loads, more alternative fuels and raw materials (AFR) usage and greater temperature variation, the expectation from refractory has increased.
In our own case, the current kiln refractory has already completed around 1.5 years, which itself shows how much more we now rely on materials that can handle thermal shock, alkali attack and coating fluctuations. We have moved towards more stable, high-performance linings so that we don’t have to enter the kiln frequently for repairs.
Overall, the shift has been from just ‘installation and run’ to selecting refractories that give longer life, better coating behaviour and more predictable performance under tougher operating conditions.

What are the biggest refractory challenges in the preheater, calciner and cooler zones?
• Preheater: Coating instability, chloride/sulphur cycles and brick erosion.
• Calciner: AFR firing, thermal shock and alkali infiltration.
• Cooler: Severe abrasion, red-river formation and mechanical stress on linings.
Overall, the biggest challenge is maintaining lining stability under highly variable operating conditions.

How do you evaluate and select refractory partners for long-term performance?
In real plant conditions, we don’t select a refractory partner just by looking at price. First, we see their past performance in similar kilns and whether their material has actually survived our operating conditions. We also check how strong their technical support is during shutdowns, because installation quality matters as much as the material itself.
Another key point is how quickly they respond during breakdowns or hot spots. A good partner should be available on short notice. We also look at their failure analysis capability, whether they can explain why a lining failed and suggest improvements.
On top of this, we review the life they delivered in the last few campaigns, their supply reliability and their willingness to offer plant-specific custom solutions instead of generic grades. Only a partner who supports us throughout the life cycle, which includes selection, installation, monitoring and post-failure analysis, fits our long-term requirement.

Can you share a recent example where better refractory selection improved uptime or clinker quality?
Recently, we upgraded to a high-abrasion basic brick at the kiln outlet. Earlier we had frequent chipping and coating loss. With the new lining, thermal stability improved and the coating became much more stable. As a result, our shutdown interval increased and clinker quality remained more consistent. It had a direct impact on our uptime.

How is increased AFR use affecting refractory behaviour?
Increased AFR use is definitely putting more stress on the refractory. The biggest issue we see daily is the rise in chlorine, alkalis and volatiles, which directly attack the lining, especially in the calciner and kiln inlet. AFR firing is also not as stable as conventional fuel, so we face frequent temperature fluctuations, which cause more thermal shock and small cracks in the lining.
Another real problem is coating instability. Some days the coating builds too fast, other days it suddenly drops, and both conditions impact refractory life. We also notice more dust circulation and buildup inside the calciner whenever the AFR mix changes, which again increases erosion.
Because of these practical issues, we have started relying more on alkali-resistant, low-porosity and better thermal shock–resistant materials to handle the additional stress coming from AFR.

What role does digital monitoring or thermal profiling play in your refractory strategy?
Digital tools like kiln shell scanners, IR imaging and thermal profiling help us detect weakening areas much earlier. This reduces unplanned shutdowns, helps identify hotspots accurately and allows us to replace only the critical sections. Overall, our maintenance has shifted from reactive to predictive, improving lining life significantly.

How do you balance cost, durability and installation speed during refractory shutdowns?
We focus on three points:
• Material quality that suits our thermal profile and chemistry.
• Installation speed, in fast turnarounds, we prefer monolithic.
• Life-cycle cost—the cheapest material is not the most economical. We look at durability, future downtime and total cost of ownership.
This balance ensures reliable performance without unnecessary expenditure.

What refractory or pyro-processing innovations could transform Indian cement operations?
Some promising developments include:
• High-performance, low-porosity and nano-bonded refractories
• Precast modular linings to drastically reduce shutdown time
• AI-driven kiln thermal analytics
• Advanced coating management solutions
• More AFR-compatible refractory mixes

These innovations can significantly improve kiln stability, efficiency and maintenance planning across the industry.

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