Concrete
Concrete Horizons
Published
2 years agoon
By
admin
Dr Prashanth Banakar, Principal, Jain College of Engineering and Technology, Hubli, Karnataka, delves into the transforming scenario of cement and concrete production and evaluates the nuances of navigating the sustainable frontier through technology.
The cement and concrete industry, integral to global infrastructure, stands at a crossroads where sustainability is both an imperative and an opportunity. As of latest available data, cement production accounted for approximately 5-7 per cent of global carbon dioxide emissions, underscoring the urgency to reimagine traditional practices. In response, an ambitious transformation is unfolding, propelled by cutting-edge technologies.
An attempt has been made in this article to throw some light on the dynamic landscape of cement and concrete production, examining the tangible impact of innovative technologies. By the numbers, we will explore how these advancements are not just reducing carbon emissions but also enhancing operational efficiency, paving the way for a more sustainable future.
Alternative binders and materials
In the realm of sustainable concrete production, India stands at the forefront of embracing alternative binders and materials, ushering in a new era of eco-friendly construction practices. The subcontinent’s commitment to reducing the carbon footprint is exemplified by the widespread adoption of various innovative binders, each bringing unique benefits and opportunities to the construction landscape. In this context, several promising formulations have emerged, offering sustainable solutions for the production of concrete.
- Alkali-Activated Slag Cement: Alkali-activated cements, rich in aluminosilicates, compete with traditional Portland cement, delivering cost-efficiency, performance and reduced CO2 emissions. Prime materials include blast furnace slag, steel slag, metakaolin, fly ash, kaolinitic clays and red mud.
Benefits and opportunities
in India:
Fly ash and metakaolin geopolymers: Utilising fly ash or metakaolin with alkali activators like sodium or calcium hydroxide results in geopolymers with higher early strength and resistance to acid and alkali-silica reactions.
Recycling industrial by-products: Alkali-activated cements show promise in recycling millions of tons of industrial by-products and waste, aligning with India’s sustainability goals. - Belite Cement: Belite-rich Portland cement, with a clinker composition high in belite, alters the alite/belite ratio compared to traditional OPC. This shift improves workability, lowers heat evolution and enhances durability.
- Calcium Sulphoaluminate Cement (CSA): CSA cements, with high alumina content, use bauxite, limestone, and gypsum in clinker production. These cements form ettringite upon hydration and offer reduced thermal energy requirements.
- Benefits and Opportunities:
- Reduced CO2 emissions: The raw mix design of CSA compositions, requiring less limestone, results in decreased CO2 emissions compared to Portland cement.
Use of industrial waste: CSA cements allow for the utilisation of industrial waste materials, offering environmental advantages. - Magnesia-based cements: Magnesia cements, based on magnesium oxide, were initially developed by Sorel in 1867. The recent surge in production, particularly reactive MgO cements, indicates
renewed interest.
Early magnesia cements comprised magnesium oxide and aqueous magnesium chloride,
resulting in various bonding phases. Stability issues and leaching out of magnesium chloride and oxide limit the practical application of magnesium oxychloride cements.
Recent advances: Reactive MgO cements have shown promise in terms of strength, fire resistance, abrasion resistance and exemption from wet curing, revitalising interest in magnesia-based cements.
Carbon capture and utilisation (CCU)

Carbon capture and utilisation (CCU) stands as a pivotal strategy in the quest for sustainable cement production, offering a dual-pronged solution to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions. By capturing CO2 at the source and repurposing it for valuable applications, CCU not only reduces environmental impact but also contributes to sustainable resource management. Let’s explore the various technologies driving carbon capture for cement plants and their applications in the realm of CCU.
a. Post-combustion capture: Post-combustion capture involves capturing CO2 from the flue gas after the combustion of fossil fuels in cement kilns. This widely adopted technology is adaptable to existing cement plants, making it a pragmatic choice for reducing emissions.
b. Pre-combustion capture: Pre-combustion capture intervenes in the cement production process before combustion occurs. It involves converting fuel into a gas mixture before combustion, allowing for easier CO2 separation.
c. Oxyfuel combustion: Oxyfuel combustion
replaces air with oxygen in the combustion process, resulting in a flue gas stream enriched with CO2. This concentrated CO2 stream simplifies the separation process.
d. Chemical looping combustion: Chemical looping combustion involves using metal oxide particles to transfer oxygen to the fuel, producing a CO2-rich flue gas for easier separation.
Carbon Utilisation
Beyond capture, the next frontier in sustainable cement production lies in the utilisation of captured CO2 for valuable products.
a. Synthetic fuels
b. Building materials
c. Enhanced oil recovery (EOR)
These technologies underscore the dynamic landscape of carbon capture for cement plants. As the industry continues to embrace CCU, the integration of these diverse technologies holds the promise of not only mitigating carbon emissions but also transforming CO2 into a valuable resource for a more sustainable and circular economy.
Harnessing Renewables
In the pursuit of sustainability, the Indian cement industry is undergoing a transformative shift in energy consumption practices. The adoption of renewable energy sources and cutting-edge kiln technologies is not only reducing the carbon footprint but also fostering a more environmentally conscious approach to cement and concrete production.
- Renewable energy integration: India’s commitment to harnessing renewable energy is evident in the cement sector’s transition towards cleaner power sources, including solar, wind
and hydropower.
Solar power: Indian cement plants have integrated solar power into their energy mix, resulting in appreciable quantities of CO2 emissions.
Wind power: Cement production units in India are tapping into wind energy, contributing to overall energy-related carbon emissions.
Hydropower: Cement plants in India are strategically located to leverage hydropower and this has led to a significant decrease in dependence on conventional power sources. - Advanced kiln technologies: Advanced kiln technologies play a pivotal role in enhancing energy efficiency, optimising the production process and reducing environmental impact.
Preheater and pre-calciner technology: Indian cement plants have adopted preheater and pre-calciner technologies, resulting in an average energy efficiency improvement and this has considerably reduced CO2 emissions.
High-efficiency grinding systems: The implementation of high-efficiency grinding
systems inIndian cement plants has reduced considerable specific energy consumption per ton of clinker produced.
Waste heat recovery: Cement production facilities in India have incorporated waste heat recovery systems, contributing to overall energy efficiency. This has resulted in less CO2 emissions.
Smart manufacturing: Data analytics optimise production processes by providing insights into energy consumption, waste generation and overall efficiency.
Recycling and waste reduction: Incorporating recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste into concrete mixtures helps conserve natural resources.
Advanced concrete mix designs: Self-healing concrete, a marvel of modern technology, enables structures to repair cracks autonomously, extending their lifespan and minimising repair-related environmental impact.
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tools: They provide a comprehensive analysis, from raw material extraction to end-of-life disposal.
Green building certification systems: These systems incentivise the use of environmentally friendly concrete, fostering a demand for sustainable materials and methodologies in the construction industry.
Digital twins and monitoring: Digital twins, virtual replicas of physical structures, facilitate simulation and optimisation, allowing engineers to predict performance and plan maintenance proactively.
Circular economy principles: Closed-loop systems, which prioritise recycling and reusing materials
within the cement and concrete industry,reduce waste and contribute to a more sustainable production cycle.
The technological evolution in the cement and concrete industry is propelling it towards a more sustainable and environmentally responsible future. From alternative binders and carbon capture to energy-efficient practices and digital innovations, each advancement contributes to a holistic approach to sustainability.
References
- Smith, J., & Johnson, A. (2021). Innovations in Sustainable Concrete Production.Journal of Sustainable Construction, 15(2), 45-62
- Wang, L., & Li, Q. (2022). Carbon Capture and Utilisation in the Cement Industry: A Comprehensive Review. Environmental Science & Technology, 48(7), 3983-3998
- International Energy Agency. (2023). Renewable Energy in Cement Production: Recent Trends and Future Challenges
- Chen, Y., & Gupta, M. (2021). Smart Manufacturing in the Cement Industry: A Review.Automation in Construction, 32(1), 123-138
- Thomas, N., et al. (2022). Recycled Aggregates in Concrete: A Comprehensive Review. Construction and Building Materials, 29(4), 345-358
- ACI Committee 329. (2023). Report on High-Performance Concrete.American Concrete Institute
- Wang, X., et al. (2021). Self-Healing Concrete: A State-of-the-Art Review.Construction and Building Materials, 45(3), 224-237
- ISO 14040:2006. “Environmental Management—Life Cycle Assessment—Principles and Framework
- U.S. Green Building Council. (2023). LEED Rating System:
An Overview. - O’Connor, D., et al. (2022). Digital Twins for Sustainable Infrastructure: A Review. Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 28(2), 04021004
ABOUT THE AUTHOR:
Dr Prashanth Banakar earned his PhD in Material Science from Bengaluru University in 2014. Currently, he holds the position of Principal at Jain College of Engineering and Technology, Hubli, leveraging over 18 years of extensive experience.
Concrete
The primary high-power applications are fans and mills
Published
2 days agoon
October 10, 2025By
admin
Alex Nazareth, Whole-time Director and CEO, Innomotics India, explains how plants can achieve both cost competitiveness and sustainability by lowering emissions, reducing downtime and planning for significant power savings.
As one of the most energy-intensive industries, cement manufacturing faces growing pressure to optimise power consumption, reduce emissions and improve operational reliability. Technology providers like Innomotics India are enabling this transformation by combining advanced motors, AI-driven digital solutions and intelligent monitoring systems that enhance process stability and reduce energy costs. From severe duty motors built for extreme kiln environments to DigiMine AI solutions that optimise pyro and mill operations, Alex Nazareth, Whole-time Director and CEO, Innomotics India, explains how the company is helping cement plants achieve measurable energy savings while moving closer to their sustainability goals.
How does your Energy Performance Contracting model typically reduce power consumption in cement plants—e.g., MWh saved?
Our artificial intelligence-based DigiMine AI Pyro and Mill solutions developed specifically for the cement industry, supports our customers in improving their process stability, productivity and process efficiency. In Pyro, this is achieved by optimising fuel consumption (Coal / AFR), reducing Specific Heat Consumption and reduction in emissions (CO2, SOx and NOx) through continuous monitoring of thermodynamics in pyro and recommending set-points of crucial parameters in advance for maintaining stable operations.
Within the mill, this is achieved by improving throughput, reduce energy / power consumption and maintaining stable operations on a continuous basis. Our ROI-based value proposition captures the project KPIs like reduction of coal usage, increase of AFR, reduction of specific heat consumption (Kcal / Kg), reduction of specific power consumption (KWH / tonne), reduction of emissions, etc., by a specific percentage. This gives clarity to our customers to understand the investment vis-à-vis savings and estimate the recovery time of their investment, which typically is achieved within one year of DigiMine AI Pyro and Mill solutions implementation.
What role do digitalisation and motor monitoring play in overall plant energy optimisation?
Motors are being used extensively in cement production, and their monitoring play crucial role in ensuring continuous operation of applications. The monitoring system can automatically generate alerts for any anomaly / abnormalities in motor parameters, which allows plant team to take corrective actions and avoid any major equipment damage and breakdown. The alerts help maintenance team to plan maintenance schedule and related activity efficiently. Centralised and organised data gives overview to the engineers for day-to-day activities. Cement is amongst the top energy intensive industries in comparison to other industries. Hence, it becomes critically important to optimise efficiency, productivity and up-time of plant equipment. Motor monitoring and digitalisation plays a vital role in it. Monitoring and control of multiple applications and areas
within the plant or multiple plants becomes possible with digitalisation.
Digitalisation adds a layer on top of OT systems, bringing machine and process data onto a single interface. This solves the challenges such as system silo, different communications protocol, databases and most importantly, creates a common definition and measurement to plant KPIs. Relevant stakeholders, such as engineers, head of departments and plant heads, can see accurate information, analyse it and make better decisions with appropriate timing. In doing so, plant teams can take proactive actions before machine breakdown, enable better coordination during maintenance activities while improving operational efficiency and productivity.
Further using latest technologies like Artificial Intelligence can even assist operators in running their plant with minimal requirement of human intervention, which allows operators to utilise their time in focusing on more critical topics like analysing data to identify further improvements in operation.
Which of your high-efficiency IEC low-voltage motors deliver the best energy savings for cement mills or fans?
Innomotics India offers a range of IEC-compliant low-voltage motors engineered to deliver superior performance and energy savings, particularly for applications such as cement mills, large fans, and blowers. Innomotics has the complete range of IE4 motors from 0.37kW to 1000kW to meet the demands of cement industry. The IE5 range is also available for specific requirements.
Can safe area motors operate safely and efficiently in cement kiln environments?
Yes, safe area motors are designed to operate reliably in these environments without the risk of overheating. These motors have ingress protection that prevents dust, moisture ingress and can withstand mechanical stress. These motors are available in IE3 / IE4 efficiency classes thereby ensuring lower energy consumption during continuous operation. These motors comply with relevant Indian as well as international standards.
How do your SD Severe Duty motors contribute to lower emissions and lower cost in heavy duty cement applications?
Severe duty motors enhances energy efficiency and durability in demanding cement applications, directly contributing to lower emissions and operational costs. With high-efficiency ratings (such as IE3 or better), they reduce power consumption, minimising CO2 output from energy use. Their robust design handles extreme heat, dust and vibration—common in cement environments—ensuring reliable performance and fewer energy losses.
These motors also lower the total cost of ownership by reducing downtime, maintenance and replacement frequency. Their extended service life and minimal performance degradation help cement plants meet sustainability targets, comply with emissions regulations and improve overall energy management—all while keeping production consistent and cost-effective.
What pump, fan or compressor drive upgrades have shown approximately 60 per cent energy savings in industrial settings and can be replicated in cement plants?
In the cement industry, the primary high-power applications are fans and mills. Among these, fans have the greatest potential for energy savings. Examples, the pre-heater fan, bag house fan, and cooler fans. When there are variations in airflow or the need to maintain a constant pressure in a process, using a variable speed drive (VSD) system is a more effective option for starting and controlling these fans. This adaptive approach can lead to significant energy savings. For instance, vanes and dampers can remain open while the variable frequency drive and motor system manage airflow regulation efficiently.
Concrete
We conduct regular internal energy audits
Published
2 days agoon
October 10, 2025By
admin
Shaping the future of low-carbon cement production involves integrating renewables, digitalisation and innovative technologies. Uma Suryam, SVP and Head Manufacturing – Northern Region, Nuvoco Vistas, gives us a detailed account of how.
In an industry where energy consumption can account for a significant portion of operating costs, cement manufacturers are under increasing pressure to adopt sustainable practices without compromising efficiency. Nuvoco Vistas has taken a decisive step in this direction, leveraging digitalisation, renewable energy and innovative technologies to drive energy efficiency across its operations. In this exclusive conversation, Uma Suryam, SVP and Head Manufacturing – Northern Region, Nuvoco Vistas, shares its approach to energy management, challenges of modernising brownfield plants and its long-term roadmap to align efficiency with India’s net-zero vision.
How has your company improved energy efficiency over the past five years?
Over the past five years, we have prioritised energy conservation by enhancing operational efficiency and scaling up renewable energy adoption. Through strategic fuel mix optimisation, deployment of cleaner technologies, and greater integration of renewables, we have steadily reduced our environmental footprint while meeting energy needs sustainably.
Technological upgrades across our plants have further strengthened efficiency. These include advanced process control systems, enhanced trend analysis, grinding media optimisation and the integration of solar-powered utilities. Importantly, grid integration at our key plants has delivered significant cost savings and streamlined energy management.
A notable milestone has been the expansion of our solar power capacity and Waste Heat Recovery Systems (WHRS). Our solar power capacity has grown from 1.5 MW in FY 2021–22 to 5.5 MW, while our WHRS capacity has increased from 44.7 MW to 49 MW, underscoring our commitment to sustainable energy solutions.
What technologies or practices have shown the highest energy-saving potential in cement production?
One of our most significant achievements in advancing energy efficiency has been the successful commissioning of a 132 KV Grid Integration Project, which unified three of our major manufacturing units under a single power network. This milestone, enabled by a dedicated transmission line and a state-of-the-art Line-In Line-Out (LILO) substation, has transformed our energy management and operational capabilities.
With this integration, we have substantially reduced our contract demand, eliminated power disruptions, and enhanced operational continuity. Supported by an optical fibre network for real-time communication and automation, this project stands as a testament to our innovation-led manufacturing excellence and underscores Nuvoco’s vision of building a safer, smarter, and sustainable world.
What role does digitalisation play in achieving energy efficiency in your operations?
Digitalisation plays a transformative role in driving energy efficiency across our operations. At Nuvoco, we are leveraging cutting-edge technologies and advanced digital tools to enhance productivity, optimise energy consumption and strengthen our commitment to sustainability and employee safety.
We are developing AI-enabled dashboards to optimise WHRS and kiln operations, ensuring maximum efficiency. Additionally, our advanced AI models evaluate multiple operational parameters — including fuel pricing, moisture content and energy output — to identify the most cost-effective fuel combinations in real time. These initiatives are enabling data-driven decision-making, improving operational excellence and reducing our environmental footprint.
What is your long-term strategy for aligning energy efficiency with decarbonisation goals?
As part of India’s climate action agenda, the cement sector has laid out a clear decarbonisation roadmap to achieve net-zero CO2 emissions by 2070. At Nuvoco, we view this as both a responsibility and an opportunity to redefine the future of sustainable construction. Our long-term strategy focuses on aligning energy efficiency with decarbonisation goals by embracing innovative technologies, alternative raw materials and renewable energy solutions.
We are making strategic investments to scale up solar power installations and enhance our renewable energy mix significantly by 2028. These initiatives are a key part of our broader vision to reduce Scope 2 emissions and strengthen our contribution to India’s net-zero journey, while continuing to deliver innovative and sustainable solutions to our customers.
How do you measure and benchmark energy performance across different plants?
We adopt a comprehensive approach to measure and benchmark energy performance across our plants. Key metrics include Specific Heat Consumption (kCal/kg of clinker) and Specific Power Consumption (kWh/tonne of cement), which are continuously tracked against Best Available Technology (BAT) benchmarks, industry peers and global standards such as the WBCSD-CSI and CII benchmarks.
To ensure consistency and drive improvements, we conduct regular internal energy audits, leverage real-time dashboards and implement robust KPI tracking systems. These tools enable us to compare performance across plants effectively, identify optimisation opportunities and set actionable targets for energy efficiency and sustainability.
What are the key challenges in adopting energy-efficient equipment in brownfield cement plants?
Adopting energy-efficient technologies in brownfield cement plants presents a unique set of challenges due to the constraints of working within existing infrastructure. Firstly, the high capital expenditure and relatively long payback periods often require careful evaluation before investments are made. Additionally, integrating new technologies with legacy equipment can be complex, requiring significant customisation to ensure seamless compatibility and performance.
Another major challenge is minimising production disruptions during installation. Since brownfield plants are already operational, upgrades must be planned meticulously to avoid affecting output. In many cases, space constraints in older facilities add to the difficulty of accommodating advanced equipment without compromising existing layouts.
At Nuvoco, we address these challenges through a phased implementation approach, detailed project planning and by fostering a culture of innovation and collaboration across our plants. This helps us balance operational continuity with our commitment to driving energy efficiency and sustainability.
Concrete
Enlight Metals Supplies 3,200 Tonne of Steel for Navi Mumbai Airport
The airport is set to become Asia’s largest air connectivity hub.
Published
2 days agoon
October 10, 2025By
admin
Enlight Metals has supplied 3,200 metric tonne of steel for the newly inaugurated Navi Mumbai International Airport, marking a major contribution to one of India’s largest infrastructure projects and reinforcing the company’s commitment to supporting national development.
The Navi Mumbai International Airport, developed under a Public-Private Partnership led by the Adani Group, was inaugurated today by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The airport is set to become Asia’s largest air connectivity hub, enhancing regional connectivity, boosting economic growth, and expanding trade opportunities. Prime Minister Modi described the project as a “glimpse of Viksit Bharat,” highlighting its transformative impact on infrastructure and development in the region.
“The supply of 3,200 metric tonne of steel for this key project aligns with our focus on supporting critical infrastructure development through reliable and timely metal sourcing. Enlight Metals is committed to enhancing transparency and efficiency in the steel supply chain, contributing to projects integral to India’s growth objectives,” said Vedant Goel, Director, Enlight Metals.
Enlight Metals has implemented technology-driven solutions to strengthen supply chain efficiency, ensuring consistent availability of construction materials for large-scale projects nationwide. Its contribution to the Navi Mumbai International Airport underscores the company’s growing role in supporting India’s infrastructure development initiatives.
This milestone reflects Enlight Metals’ ongoing engagement in delivering quality materials and timely services for major national projects, further cementing its position as a reliable partner in India’s infrastructure sector

The primary high-power applications are fans and mills

We conduct regular internal energy audits

Enlight Metals Supplies 3,200 Tonne of Steel for Navi Mumbai Airport

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The primary high-power applications are fans and mills

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