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Where there is sand, there is a way!

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Vivek Maheshwari and Bhavesh Pravin Shah of CLSA reviews the problems of sand mining in India and provides a way forward for natural sand.
Sand is a non-negotiable resource for the construction sector and, interestingly, is classified as the fourth most important ‘minor’ mineral by the mines ministry. Sand availability was a problem at different points of time in the past few years but 2017 was perhaps the worst year with a series of sand mining restrictions across several states due to non-compliance with environment norms. This had an obvious impact on the construction industry in several states and this in turn impacted cement demand too. Sand availability, however, has been improving with states revising their mining rules. M-sand too has been gaining acceptance albeit at a slower pace. Based on our industry interactions, it appears that sand-related problems should be resolved during the course of 2018 although recent media reports still point to some uncertainties.Sand-related problems are not new…

  • Sand mining has a negative impact on the environment as it causes degradation of rivers and lowers the stream bottom, leading to bank erosion and thereby floods.
  • Enlargement of river mouths, loss of water and destruction of the aquatic habitat also get triggered by excessive sand mining.
  • There has been a widespread problem of sand mining in India, flouting environmental rules and damaging the environment.
  • The Supreme Court, in 2012, notified that sand mining operations should be licensed and monitored; in effect, this made ongoing sand mining operations illegal.

… but 2017 perhaps was the worst
Following the Supreme Court directive, states had put restrictions on sand mining in the past five years but the problem had brief impact over a relatively short timeframe. In 2017, though, following National Green Tribunal (NGT) concerns about illegal mining, several states formalised sand mining and even banned it in the interim. As a result, sand availability became a severe issue in several states and, even now, it is a problem in several of the states, although the worst phase seems to be over.The way forward for natural sand…
Sand availability has improved in Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh. However, there continue to be problems in Rajasthan, where the Supreme Court intends to study and examine a report on replenishment of 19 mines. Madhya Pradesh now sells sand through an online portal. Bihar, Telangana and Tamil Nadu too have increased transparency in the sand trade by leveraging technology. Uttar Pradesh has e-auctioned mining leases in all districts except one, resulting in a revenue windfall of Rs26.5bn for the exchequer. Media reports indicate regulatory issues persist and may not go away for some time.… as well as M-sand
Sand mining problems have opened up another avenue for the industry which is ‘manufactured sand’ or simply, M-sand. M-sand has existed for a long time but recent events have accelerated its growth. M-sand is formed by crushing hard granite stone – it is cubical in shape with grounded edges, washed and graded with its size being less than 4.75mm. We also understand that M-sand’s gradation, shape, smoothness and consistency make it better than even natural sand for use in construction. However, buyer concerns persist and, hence, acceptability is still somewhat sluggish.Environmental effects of sand mining
Sand and boulders both are necessary to a river’s existence. Excessive instream sand/gravel mining causes its degradation as it lowers the stream bottom and eventually leads to erosion of the river banks. Depletion of sand in the stream bed and along coastal areas causes deepening of rivers/estuaries and enlarges river mouths and coastal inlets. This leads to disturbances in the ecological balance in these areas. Additionally, this results in destruction of aquatic and riparian habitat, through changes to the shape of the river, and pollution of water bodies.Triggers of the sand mining ban
Sand mining was declared illegal in February 2012 after the Supreme Court of India ruled that approval under the 2006 Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) notification is needed for all sand mining and gravel collection activities
According to the Geological Survey of India, riverbed mining causes several alterations to the physical characteristics of both rivers and riverbeds which severely affect ecological systems of river plants and animals. Excessive sand mining was reportedly one of the key reasons for major floods in the state of Bihar in 2017.
Additionally, there was ambiguity about best practices in mining methods that were used to assess how much sand can be sustainably mined. Over the years, lack of clear guidelines to deal with sand mining operations along with inability of the authorities to regulate mining operations resulted in unscrupulous and illegal sand mining activities. For instance, in the state of Tamil Nadu, reportedly, three-fifths of overall sand mined in the past 17 years was illegal.
Illegal sand mining not only has huge implications for the environment but also leads to a colossal loss to the state exchequer. Following a Supreme Court directive, states put restrictions on sand mining in the past five years but the issue had a brief impact over a relatively short timeframe.
In 2017, though, following NGT concerns about illegal mining, several states decided to formalise sand mining and even banned it in the interim. Bihar, Madhya Pradesh (MP), Uttar Pradesh (UP), Tamil Nadu (TN), Rajasthan and Maharashtra the key states that clamped down heavily on sand mining ops in 2017.Efforts to regulate and streamline mining
Madhya Pradesh was among the first to act and restructure the sand mining and sale process. It has allowed sand mining at key sites and now sells sand through its own simplified online portal.
Supply has improved across the state leading to a boost to construction. In Nov ’17, the chief minister opened up the mining sector under a detailed process that involved obtaining an e-pass for mining, which would be verified by the ‘sarpanch’ (village head) to ensure royalty of Rs125/cubic metres is paid to the state government.
Similarly, Bihar, Tamil Nadu and Telangana too have launched online portals, mobile applications and GPS systems to track truck movements, etc to increase overall transparency in the sand trade.Availability of M-Sand pan-India is still an issue
Currently, more than seven organised companies based in the South Indian states of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu produce M-sand. Thriveni Sands, Poabs, Tavara and Robo Silicon are the key players with large-scale production on a daily basis. However, in west and north India, availability of M-sand is relatively limited.
The types of M-sand available include:

  • M-sand for brick and block work: Laying bricks and block/masonry work
  • Concrete M-sand: For all concreting purposes
  • Plastering M-sand: External and internal plastering

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Concrete

Our strategy is to establish reliable local partnerships

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Jean-Jacques Bois, President, Nanolike, discusses how real-time data is reshaping cement delivery planning and fleet performance.

As cement producers look to extract efficiency gains beyond the plant gate, real-time visibility and data-driven logistics are becoming critical levers of competitiveness. In this interview with Jean-Jacques Bois, President, Nanolike, we discover how the company is helping cement brands optimise delivery planning by digitally connecting RMC silos, improving fleet utilisation and reducing overall logistics costs.

How does SiloConnect enable cement plants to optimise delivery planning and logistics in real time?
In simple terms, SiloConnect is a solution developed to help cement suppliers optimise their logistics by connecting RMC silos in real time, ensuring that the right cement is delivered at the right time and to the right location. The core objective is to provide real-time visibility of silo levels at RMC plants, allowing cement producers to better plan deliveries.
SiloConnect connects all the silos of RMC plants in real time and transmits this data remotely to the logistics teams of cement suppliers. With this information, they can decide when to dispatch trucks, how to prioritise customers, and how to optimise fleet utilisation. The biggest savings we see today are in logistics efficiency. Our customers are able to sell and ship more cement using the same fleet. This is achieved by increasing truck rotation, optimising delivery routes, and ultimately delivering the same volumes at a lower overall logistics cost.
Additionally, SiloConnect is designed as an open platform. It offers multiple connectors that allow data to be transmitted directly to third-party ERP systems. For example, it can integrate seamlessly with SAP or other major ERP platforms, enabling automatic order creation whenever replenishment is required.

How does your non-exclusive sensor design perform in the dusty, high-temperature, and harsh operating conditions typical of cement plants?
Harsh operating conditions such as high temperatures, heavy dust, extreme cold in some regions, and even heavy rainfall are all factored into the product design. These environmental challenges are considered from the very beginning of the development process.
Today, we have thousands of sensors operating reliably across a wide range of geographies, from northern Canada to Latin America, as well as in regions with heavy rainfall and extremely high temperatures, such as southern Europe. This extensive field experience demonstrates that, by design, the SiloConnect solution is highly robust and well-suited for demanding cement plant environments.

Have you initiated any pilot projects in India, and what outcomes do you expect from them?
We are at the very early stages of introducing SiloConnect in India. Recently, we installed our
first sensor at an RMC plant in collaboration with FDC Concrete, marking our initial entry into the Indian market.
In parallel, we are in discussions with a leading cement producer in India to potentially launch a pilot project within the next three months. The goal of these pilots is to demonstrate real-time visibility, logistics optimisation and measurable efficiency gains, paving the way for broader adoption across the industry.

What are your long-term plans and strategic approach for working with Indian cement manufacturers?
For India, our strategy is to establish strong and reliable local partnerships, which will allow us to scale the technology effectively. We believe that on-site service, local presence, and customer support are critical to delivering long-term value to cement producers.
Ideally, our plan is to establish an Indian entity within the next 24 months. This will enable us to serve customers more closely, provide faster support and contribute meaningfully to the digital transformation of logistics and supply chain management in the Indian cement industry.

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Economy & Market

Power Build’s Core Gear Series

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A deep dive into Core Gear Series of products M, C, F and K, by Power Build, and how they represent precision in motion.

At the heart of every high-performance industrial system lies the need for robust, reliable, and efficient power transmission. Power Build answers this need with its flagship geared motor series: M, C, F and K. Each series is meticulously engineered to serve specific operational demands while maintaining the universal promise of durability, efficiency, and performance.

Series M – Helical Inline Geared Motors
Compact and powerful, the Series M delivers exceptional drive solutions for a broad range of applications. With power handling up to 160kW and torque capacity reaching 20,000 Nm, it is the trusted solution for industries requiring quiet operation, high efficiency, and space-saving design. Series M is available with multiple mounting and motor options, making it a versatile choice for manufacturers and OEMs globally.

Series C – Right Angled Heli-Worm Geared Motors
Combining the benefits of helical and worm gearing, the Series C is designed for right-angled power transmission. With gear ratios of up to 16,000:1 and torque capacities of up to 10,000 Nm, this series is optimal for applications demanding precision in compact spaces. Industries looking for a smooth, low-noise operation with maximum torque efficiency rely on Series C for dependable performance.

Series F – Parallel Shaft Mounted Geared Motors
Built for endurance in the most demanding environments, Series F is widely adopted in steel plants, hoists, cranes and heavy-duty conveyors. Offering torque up to 10,000 Nm and high gear ratios up to 20,000:1, this product features an integral torque arm and diverse output configurations to meet industry-specific challenges head-on.

Series K – Right Angle Helical Bevel Geared Motors
For industries seeking high efficiency and torque-heavy performance, Series K is the answer. This right-angled geared motor series delivers torque up to 50,000 Nm, making it a preferred choice in core infrastructure sectors such as cement, power, mining and material handling. Its flexibility in mounting and broad motor options offer engineers the freedom in design and reliability in execution.
Together, these four series reflect Power Build’s commitment to excellence in mechanical power transmission. From compact inline designs to robust right-angle drives, each geared motor is a result of decades of engineering innovation, customer-focused design and field-tested reliability. Whether the requirement is speed control, torque multiplication or space efficiency, Radicon’s Series M, C, F and K stand as trusted powerhouses for global industries.

http://www.powerbuild.in
Call: +919727719344

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Concrete

Compliance and growth go hand in h and

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Pankaj Kejriwal, Whole Time Director and COO, Star Cement, on driving efficiency today and designing sustainability for tomorrow.

In an era where the cement industry is under growing pressure to decarbonise while scaling capacity, Star Cement is charting a pragmatic yet forward-looking path. In this conversation, Pankaj Kejriwal, Whole Time Director and COO, Star Cement, shares how the company is leveraging waste heat recovery, alternative fuels, low-carbon products and clean energy innovations to balance operational efficiency with long-term sustainability.

How has your Lumshnong plant implemented the 24.8 MW Waste Heat Recovery System (WHRS), and what impact has it had on thermal substitution and energy costs?
Earlier, the cost of coal in the Northeast was quite reasonable, but over the past few years, global price increases have also impacted the region. We implemented the WHRS project about five years ago, and it has resulted in significant savings by reducing our overall power costs.
That is why we first installed WHRS in our older kilns, and now it has also been incorporated into our new projects. Going forward, WHRS will be essential for any cement plant. We are also working on utilising the waste gases exiting the WHRS, which are still at around 100 degrees Celsius. To harness this residual heat, we are exploring systems based on the Organic Rankine Cycle, which will allow us to extract additional power from the same process.

With the launch of Star Smart Building Solutions and AAC blocks, how are you positioning yourself in the low-carbon construction materials segment?
We are actively working on low-carbon cement products and are currently evaluating LC3 cement. The introduction of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) blocks provided us with an effective entry into the consumer-facing segment of the industry. Since we already share a strong dealer network across products, this segment fits well into our overall strategy.
This move is clearly supporting our transition towards products with lower carbon intensity and aligns with our broader sustainability roadmap.

With a diverse product portfolio, what are the key USPs that enable you to support India’s ongoing infrastructure projects across sectors?
Cement requirements vary depending on application. There is OPC, PPC and PSC cement, and each serves different infrastructure needs. We manufacture blended cements as well, which allows us to supply products according to specific project requirements.
For instance, hydroelectric projects, including those with NHPC, have their own technical norms, which we are able to meet. From individual home builders to road infrastructure, dam projects, and regions with heavy monsoon exposure, where weather-shield cement is required, we are equipped to serve all segments. Our ability to tailor cement solutions across diverse climatic and infrastructure conditions is a key strength.

How are you managing biomass usage, circularity, and waste reduction across
your operations?

The Northeast has been fortunate in terms of biomass availability, particularly bamboo. Earlier, much of this bamboo was supplied to paper plants, but many of those facilities have since shut down. As a result, large quantities of bamboo biomass are now available, which we utilise in our thermal power plants, achieving a Thermal Substitution Rate (TSR) of nearly 60 per cent.
We have also started using bamboo as a fuel in our cement kilns, where the TSR is currently around 10 per cent to 12 per cent and is expected to increase further. From a circularity perspective, we extensively use fly ash, which allows us to reuse a major industrial waste product. Additionally, waste generated from HDPE bags is now being processed through our alternative fuel and raw material (AFR) systems. These initiatives collectively support our circular economy objectives.

As Star Cement expands, what are the key logistical and raw material challenges you face in scaling operations?
Fly ash availability in the Northeast is a constraint, as there are no major thermal power plants in the region. We currently source fly ash from Bihar and West Bengal, which adds significant logistics costs. However, supportive railway policies have helped us manage this challenge effectively.
Beyond the Northeast, we are also expanding into other regions, including the western region, to cater to northern markets. We have secured limestone mines through auctions and are now in the process of identifying and securing other critical raw material resources to support this expansion.

With increasing carbon regulations alongside capacity expansion, how do you balance compliance while sustaining growth?
Compliance and growth go hand in hand for us. On the product side, we are working on LC3 cement and other low-carbon formulations. Within our existing product portfolio, we are optimising operations by increasing the use of green fuels and improving energy efficiency to reduce our carbon footprint.
We are also optimising thermal energy consumption and reducing electrical power usage. Notably, we are the first cement company in the Northeast to deploy EV tippers at scale for limestone transportation from mines to plants. Additionally, we have installed belt conveyors for limestone transfer, which further reduces emissions. All these initiatives together help us achieve regulatory compliance while supporting expansion.

Looking ahead to 2030 and 2050, what are the key innovation and sustainability priorities for Star Cement?
Across the cement industry, carbon capture is emerging as a major focus area, and we are also planning to work actively in this space. In parallel, we see strong potential in green hydrogen and are investing in solar power plants to support this transition.
With the rapid adoption of solar energy, power costs have reduced dramatically – from 10–12 per unit to around2.5 per unit. This reduction will enable the production of green hydrogen at scale. Once available, green hydrogen can be used for electricity generation, to power EV fleets, and even as a fuel in cement kilns.
Burning green hydrogen produces only water and oxygen, eliminating carbon emissions from that part of the process. While process-related CO2 emissions from limestone calcination remain a challenge, carbon capture technologies will help address this. Ultimately, while becoming a carbon-negative industry is challenging, it is a goal we must continue to work towards.

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