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Budget Analysis

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Union Budget was presented in the parliament on February 29th, 2016. ICR team has tried to capture the impact of the budget on cement, infrastructure and real estate as viewed by CRISIL Research and various experts in the industry.

CRISIL Budget Analysis
Cement, impact positive
Higher spending on infrastructure to benefit in medium term Positive

Key budget proposals:

  • Investment towards national highways increased by 49 per cent to Rs 1032 billion (budgetary plus internal and extra budgetary resources).
  • Rs 170 billion for irrigation projects under Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Project.
  • Outlay towards urban infrastructure increased 11 per cent to Rs 166 billion.
  • Ready mix concrete manufactured at the site of construction exempted from excise duty.
  • Clean energy cess on coal (domestic and imported) doubled to Rs 400 per tonne.

CRISIL Research?s View:
The government?s focus on infrastructure is evident with the total targeted spending in FY17 increasing 28 per cent over FY16.
This, along with a number of benefits provided on affordable housing, would aid recovery in cement demand. Further, the rise in duties and tariffs in the form of clean cess on coal is expected to have a muted impact on total cost, which is expected to increase 0.2 per cent. Power and fuel cost (~25 per cent of cost of sales) will increase 1 per cent. However, amid rising demand, players will be able to offset this with a hike in prices.

Infrastructure, impact positive
Focus on dispute redressal, tax clarifications to aid investor confidence Positive Key budget proposals:
Budgetary allocation: Total outlay for infrastructure has been increased by 28 per cent to Rs 3.4 trillion (roads, railways and power the biggest beneficiaries). Of this, Rs 1.29 trillion is on account of budgetary support
Roads: Investments for development of national highways is proposed to be hiked 49 per cent on-year to Rs 1032 billion.
This is on the backdrop of spending being 16 per cent lower than FY16 budgeted estimates in the segment
Railways: Total outlay raised by 24 per cent to Rs 1,210 billion. In Railway Budget FY17, there have been numerous announcements for improvement of port connectivity and three new dedicated freight corridors
Airports & ports: No new projects announced barring Rs 8 billion earmarked for greenfield ports and national waterways. Overall, outlay for civil aviation has been reduced by 30 per cent to Rs 44 billion, mainly in line with reduced equity support to Air India
Funding availability: The government has provided flexibility for select state entities to raise capital up to Rs 313 billion by way of bonds across infra segments
Other measures: Dividend distribution tax waiver to be applicable on income distributed from SPVs to INVIT holding entity. Furthermore, a mechanism to renegotiate of contracts and a public utility bill will be introduced to streamline resolution of disputes in infrastructure related construction contracts

CRISIL?s View
The Budget reiterated focus on roads and railways with almost 76 per cent of the incremental government spending (budgetary allocation plus inter and extra budgetary resources) focused on these two segments. Also, the increase in budgetary allocations of Rs 250 billion towards various infra segments were muted compared with Rs 1090 billion in the last Budget.

This clearly reinforces a shift in funding dependence from government outlays to cash flows of government entities and their borrowing capability to drive public investments in the sector.Of the Rs 250 billion incremental budgetary support, almost Rs 130 billion is directed towards railways, followed by Rs 40 billion towards power, Rs 30 billion for urban development and Rs 25 billion, for roads, respectively. Given the targets relating to electrification of villages, the Budget provides a thrust on investments in the distribution segment of power with a 84 per cent on-year increase in planned expenditure for key schemes.

For EXIM-focused sectors such as airports and ports, focus on single window customs clearance, backed by process simplification, is targeted towards de bottlenecking of capacity amid lower budgetary allocations.

The Budget continued to build up investor confidence for investing in infrastructure segments by providing clarity on dividend distribution tax for entities like INVITs and giving confirmation on contract renegotiation and introduction of the public disputes utility bill. This comes at a time when private sector interest in infrastructure development is low and the balance sheets of many developers in the sector remain stretched.

We believe the rise in overall government spends will boost execution of national highway projects to about 5,200 km annually in 2016-17 and create a robust construction opportunity for road and railway engineering procurement & construction companies.

While the Budget provisions are positive, it will continue to put to test the execution capability of implementing agencies such as the National Highways Authority of India and Indian Railways. This comes on the backdrop of overall spending in national highways being 16 per cent lower in FY16 as compared with the allocations. Addressing on-ground issues such as clearances and land acquisition becomes extremely critical to ensure a sharp increase in project execution.

Real Estate:
Affordable housing gets a shot in the arm; commercial realtors also benefit Positive

Key budget proposals:

  • Measures on affordable housing projects

  • Interest deduction limit under Sec 80EE increased from Rs 1 lakh to Rs 1.5 lakh for first-time home buyers (applicable only on loans not exceeding Rs 35 lakh for houses costing below Rs 50 lakh and sanctioned during April 1, 2016, to March 31, 2017) for the entire loan duration

  • Under the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana, 100 per cent deduction on profits from housing projects approved between June 2016 and March 2019, and completed in three years of getting approval and satisfying the following conditions, refer to Table 1

  • Service tax exemption on construction of affordable houses up to 60 square meters (646 sq ft) under any central or state government scheme, including public-private partnerships (PPPs)

  • Phasing out of deductions allowed on capital expenditure (other than land, goodwill and financial assets) under Sec 35AD from 150 per cent to 100 per cent w.e.f. April 1, 2017, for affordable housing projects

  • Exemption of dividend distribution tax (DDT) on distribution made by special purpose vehicles (SPVs) to real estate investment trusts (REITs)

  • Revival of national land record digitisation scheme with a funding of Rs 1.5 billion

  • 0.5 per cent Krishi Kalyan Cess on all taxable services

CRISIL Research?s View
Boost to affordable housing – especially tier II and tier III cities

Affordable housing segment has received a shot in the arm with the abovementioned measures and will see increased demand and PPPs in the medium term.

Increase in interest deduction for first-time home buyers will boost demand for homes priced in that bracket. Currently, nearly 40 per cent of the upcoming supply in the 10 major cities tracked by CRISIL Research is priced under Rs 50 lakh. The proportion of upcoming supply in this price bracket in tier II and tier III cities is expected to be even higher.
Refer to Graph 1

Table-1

(sq mt) 4 Metros Other cities
Maximum size of house 30 60
Minimum size of land parcel 1,000 2,000
Other,Within 25 km of municipal limit

However, the phasing out of deductions on capital expenditure will be a dampener to some extent.
Removal of DDT for SPVs distributing income to REITs is a positive for developers with significant exposure to rental-yielding real estate assets.
Digitisation of land records will aid transparency in the real estate sector and help tap foreign capital inflows in the medium to long term.
Krishi Kalyan Cess, applicable for under-construction projects, will hurt the industry marginally.
However, minimum alternate tax will apply.
Union Budget 2016-17 brings hopes of revival for the cement industry

?Rs 97,000 crore of outlay that has been kept for roads and infra by the finance minister is very promising and the industry will get a lot of benefits from this particular allocation of funds,? said Amandeep Gupta, joint CEO of OCL Cement, the flag ship company of Dalmia Group.

Middle and low income groups are benefitted by providing exemption on service tax on construction of affordable home and increase in tax exemption on home loan, a boost to first time home buyers. That makes housing more affordable. Infrastructure being part of the key pillars of the budget is something to look forward to in the long run. With 85% road projects coming back on track.

The industry has also acknowledged that the finance minister?s approach for this budget has been very targeted. ?He has laid a structure for an inclusive growth rather than distributing subsidies,? said Gupta.

The cement sector for quite some time had been asking for the removal of excise duty on ready-made cement, which was 12.5 per cent. The industry among its recommendations to the government has also been asking for the initiatives to lower the tax burden on the industry. In its annual report 2014-15, CMA acknowledged that cement is highly taxed at 60 per cent of ex-factory price, which is even more than the taxes levied on the luxury items.

?Exemption of excise duty on RMC is one of the encouraging moves taken by the finance minister. This step is another value addition in making the budget positive for the cement sector,? said MS Mani, senior director, Deloitte.

Source: ECONOMIC TIMES

Doubled Coal Cess to increase power tariff by 15 paisa/unit
The effort of the NDA government to give enhanced push to clean energy and environment conservation would lead to spiking of power price. The government for the third time in a row increased the cess on coal, lignite and pite production to Rs 400 per tonne to fund clean energy projects.

As the increase in price of coal comes under ?change of law? regulation of the Electricity Act and Tariff Policy, any change in price would be reflected in the final power tariff. As per industry calculations, this would amount to a change of 12-15 paisa per unit in the final power tariff.

Indian power industry consumes close to 500 million tonne of coal annually and with doubling of cess, close to 800 billion units of electricity will witness the impact of increased price of coal.

During the current fiscal, the coal cess collected was around Rs 12,000 crore taking the total to Rs 50,000 crore.

In the last Union Budget, cess on coal was doubled to Rs 200 per tonne. In his maiden budget in July 2014, Arun Jaitley increased it to Rs 100 per tonne from Rs 50 per tonne. The cess is collected as National Clean Energy Fund and is disbursed for renewable energy based initiatives and power projects.

But with the change in name to Clean Environment Fund, it is expected that the fund would be used for environment conservation drives of the government as well.

The heavy weight projects depending on NCEF for their funding are Rs 40,000 crore Green Energy Corridor project and to be launched National Wind Energy Mission, which will entail a total expenditure of Rs 18,000 crore.

Source: BUSINESS STANDARD

Steel, cement to cost more
Shailendra Chouksey, President, Cement Manufacturers? Association, and whole-time director, JK Lakshmi Cement, said cement prices would rise by? 3-4 a bag just on account of the clean environment cess.

?The total tax incidence on cement is over 60 per cent of the ex-factory realisation. The Krishi Kalyan Cess at 0.5 per cent on all taxable services from June 1 will push up production costs further,? he added.

Ready-mix woes
Ready-mix concrete (RMC) players believed that their long-pending demand of exemption of excise duty on RMC plants has finally been addressed but it is applicable only to dedicated RMC plants on site, the percentage of which is almost negligible, said Chouksey.

Ajay Kapur, Managing Director, Ambuja Cements, said while profitability of the cement industry would be impacted by the increase in cess, the excise on HDPE (high-density polyethylene) packaging bags (for 12.5 per cent to 15 per cent) and decrease in sale commission (from 10 per cent to 5 per cent) would add to the industry?s woes.

Source: THE HINDU BUSINESS LINE

Mahendra Singhi, Group CEO-Dalmia Cement in conversation with ICR
The focus of the budget has been on rural India and finance minister has thought ?how to boost up the economy?? Larger attention has been paid to the farm sector. FM?s efforts will have multiplying effect on the economy.

The second important aspect of the budget is allocation for infrastructure. Never before such allocation was done. There are many projects which have been held up and some remedial measures are required to be taken to rescue these projects. Funds have been made available for not just highways but also for ?Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana? which is mainly for rural India. The allocation for MNREGA is another positive feature of rural focus.

We were expecting industry status will be given to infrastructure but that did not happen. Irrigation has been provided separate funding which is a long term investment and it is certainly a welcome feature of the budget.

The enhancement of carbon cess to Rs. 400 will have some impact but it is a movement in the direction of Green Energy. It will support generation of Solar and Wind power.

While giving concessions, the budget takes into account affordable housing, rental housing and first time home buyers.The taxation on provident fund withdrawn is some how difficult to digest. It is slightly going against the principles of saving habits.

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Economy & Market

Walplast Expands HomeSure MasterTouch Line

It is a high-quality yet affordable wall paint

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Walplast Products, a leading manufacturer of building and construction materials, has unveiled the expansion of its esteemed HomeSure MasterTouch portfolio with the launch of the new HomeSure MasterTouch Lush (Interior & Exterior Emulsion) and HomeSure MasterTouch Prime (Interior & Exterior Primer). These new offerings are strategically positioned as high-quality, yet affordable, high-performance solutions designed to enable individuals to achieve their dream of beautiful homes and “Elevating Lifestyles” (Raho Shaan Se).

The HomeSure MasterTouch Lush Interior Emulsion is a high-quality yet affordable wall paint that delivers best-in-class coverage and an aesthetically appealing, durable finish. Formulated with premium pigments and acrylic binders, it ensures excellent coverage, colour retention, and resistance to fungus, making it an ideal choice for homeowners seeking durability and value. Meanwhile, the HomeSure MasterTouch Lush Exterior Emulsion is specifically engineered to withstand varying weather conditions, particularly in regions with frequent rain and moderate humidity. With strong adhesion and UV-resistant properties, it protects exterior walls against algae growth and black spots while maintaining an elegant matte appearance.

Adding to its comprehensive range, Walplast introduces the HomeSure MasterTouch Prime Interior and Exterior Primers, offering superior adhesion, excellent whiteness, and long-lasting durability. These primers enhance the topcoat application, ensuring a flawless, smooth finish for both interior and exterior surfaces. Engineered with excellent workability and eco-friendly attributes, the primers are free from heavy metals, low VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds), and protect against algae and fungus, making them a reliable base for any painting project.

“At Walplast, we are committed to providing innovative and accessible solutions that enhance the beauty and longevity of homes. The HomeSure MasterTouch range is designed with the modern homeowner in mind—delivering affordability without compromising on quality. Our focus is to empower individuals to bring their dream homes to life with reliable and superior products,” said Kaushal Mehta, Managing Director of Walplast.

Aniruddha Sinha, Senior Vice President Marketing, CSR, and Business Head – P2P Division, Walplast added, “The HomeSure MasterTouch Lush and Prime range align with our vision of offering peace of mind to customers with durable, aesthetic, and affordable solutions for every home. The “Elevate your lifestyle” reflects our belief that everyone deserves to live in a home they take pride in. With this launch, we continue our mission of enabling dreams of beautiful homes for all.”

The newly launched products will be available across key markets, including Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, and Chhattisgarh. The HomeSure MasterTouch portfolio also includes premium emulsions such as Bloom and Vivid, as well as a premium primer, catering to diverse customer needs in the construction and home improvement sectors.

Walplast’s HomeSure portfolio encompasses a comprehensive range of construction solutions, including Wall Putty, Tile Adhesives, Gypsum-based products, Construction Chemicals, AAC blocks, and more. With a robust network of over 800 active distributors, 6000 dealers, and more than 65,000 influencers, the HomeSure division continues to be the preferred choice in the construction ecosystem, reinforcing Walplast’s position as an industry leader.

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Concrete

Turning Carbon into Opportunity

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Carbon Capture, Utilisation, and Storage (CCUS) is crucial for reducing emissions in the cement industry. Kanika Mathur explores how despite the challenges such as high costs and infrastructure limitations, CCUS offers a promising pathway to achieve net-zero emissions and supports the industry’s sustainability goals.

The cement industry is one of the largest contributors to global CO2 emissions, accounting for approximately seven to eight per cent of total anthropogenic carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere. As the world moves towards stringent decarbonisation goals, the cement sector faces mounting pressure to adopt sustainable solutions that minimise its carbon footprint. Among the various strategies being explored, Carbon Capture, Utilisation, and Storage (CCUS) has emerged as one of the most promising approaches to mitigating emissions while maintaining production efficiency. This article delves into the challenges, opportunities, and strategic considerations surrounding CCUS
in the cement industry and its role in achieving net-zero emissions.

Understanding CCUS and Its Relevance to Cement Manufacturing
Carbon Capture, Utilisation, and Storage (CCUS) is an advanced technological process designed to capture carbon dioxide emissions from industrial sources before they are released into the atmosphere. The captured CO2 can then be either utilised in various applications or permanently stored underground to prevent its contribution to climate change.
Rajesh Kumar Nayma, Associate General Manager – Environment and Sustainability, Wonder Cement says, “CCUS is indispensable for achieving Net Zero emissions in the cement industry. Even with 100 per cent electrification of kilns and renewable energy utilisation, CO2 emissions from limestone calcination—a key raw material—remain unavoidable. The cement industry is a major contributor to
GHG emissions, making CCUS critical for sustainability. Integrating CCUS into plant operations ensures significant reductions in carbon emissions, supporting the industry’s Net Zero goals. This transformative technology will also play a vital role in combating climate change and aligning with global sustainability standards.”
The relevance of CCUS in cement manufacturing stems from the inherent emissions produced during the calcination of limestone, a process that accounts for nearly 60 per cent of total CO2 emissions in cement plants. Unlike other industries where CO2 emissions result primarily from fuel combustion, cement production generates a significant portion of its emissions as an unavoidable byproduct. This makes CCUS a particularly attractive solution for the sector, as it offers a pathway to drastically cut emissions without requiring a complete overhaul of existing production processes.
According to a Niti Ayog report from 2022, the adverse climatic effects of a rise in GHG emissions and global temperatures rises are well established and proven, and India too has not been spared from adverse climatic events. As a signatory of the Paris Agreement 2015, India has committed to reducing emissions by 50 per cent by the year 2050 and reaching net zero by 2070. Given the sectoral composition and sources of CO2 emissions in India, CCUS will have an important and integral role to play in ensuring India meets its stated climate goals, through the deep decarbonisation of energy and CO2 emission intensive industries such as thermal power generation, steel, cement, oil & gas refining, and petrochemicals. CCUS can enable the production of clean products while utilising our rich endowments of coal, reducing imports and thus leading to an Indian economy. CCUS also has an important role to play in enabling sunrise sectors such as coal gasification and the nascent hydrogen economy in India.
The report also states that India’s current cement production capacity is about 550 mtpa, implying capacity utilisation of about 50 per cent only. While India accounts for 8 per cent of global cement capacity, India’s per capita cement consumption is only 235 kg, and significantly low compared to the world average of 500 kg per capita, and China’s per capita consumption of around 1700 kg per capita. It is expected that domestic demand, capacity utilisation and per capita cement consumption will increase in the next decade, driven by robust demand from rapid industrialisation and urbanisation, as well as the Central Government’s continued focus on highway expansions, investment in smart cities, Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY), as well as several state-level schemes.

Key Challenges in Integrating CCUS in Cement Plants Spatial Constraints and Infrastructure Limitations
One of the biggest challenges in integrating CCUS into existing cement manufacturing facilities is space availability. Most cement plants were designed decades ago without any consideration for carbon capture systems, making retrofitting a complex and costly endeavour. Many facilities are already operating at full capacity with limited available space, and incorporating additional carbon capture equipment requires significant modifications.
“The biggest challenge we come across repeatedly is that most cement manufacturing facilities were built decades ago without any consideration for carbon capture systems. Consequently, one of the primary hurdles is the spatial constraints at these sites. Cement plants often have limited space, and retrofitting them to integrate carbon capture systems can be very challenging. Beyond spatial issues, there are additional considerations such as access and infrastructure modifications, which further complicate the integration process. Spatial constraints, however, remain at the forefront of the challenges we encounter” says Nathan Ashcroft, Carbon Director, Stantec.
High Capital and Operational Costs CCUS technologies are still in the early stages of large-scale deployment, and the costs associated with implementation remain a significant barrier. Capturing, transporting, and storing CO2 requires substantial capital investment and increases operational expenses. Many cement manufacturers, especially in developing economies, struggle to justify these costs without clear financial incentives or government support.
Regulatory and Policy Hurdles The regulatory landscape for CCUS varies from region to region, and in many cases, clear guidelines and incentives for deployment are lacking. Establishing a robust framework for CO2 storage and transport infrastructure is crucial for widespread CCUS adoption, but many countries are still in the process of developing these policies.

Waste Heat Recovery and Energy Optimisation in CCUS Implementation
CCUS technologies require significant energy inputs, primarily for CO2 capture and compression. One way to offset these energy demands is through the integration of waste heat recovery (WHR) systems. Cement plants operate at high temperatures, and excess heat can be captured and converted into usable energy, thereby reducing the additional power required for CCUS. By effectively utilizing waste heat, cement manufacturers can lower the overall cost of carbon capture and improve the economic feasibility of CCUS projects.
Another critical factor in optimising CCUS efficiency is pre-treatment of flue gases. Before CO2 can be captured, flue gas streams must be purified and cleaned to remove particulates and impurities. This additional processing can lead to better capture efficiency and lower operational costs, ensuring that cement plants can maximise the benefits of CCUS.

Opportunities for Utilising Captured CO2 in the Cement Sector
While storage remains the most common method of handling captured CO2, the utilising aspect presents an exciting opportunity for the cement industry. Some of the most promising applications include:

Carbonation in Concrete Production
CO2 can be injected into fresh concrete during mixing, where it reacts with calcium compounds to form solid carbonates. This process not only locks away CO2 permanently but also enhances the compressive strength of concrete, reducing the need for additional cement.

Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) and Industrial Applications
Captured CO2 can be used in enhanced oil recovery (EOR), where it is injected into underground oil reservoirs to improve extraction efficiency. Additionally, certain industrial processes, such as urea production and synthetic fuel manufacturing, can use CO2 as a raw material, creating economic opportunities for cement producers.

Developing Industrial Hubs for CO2 Utilisation
By co-locating cement plants with other industrial facilities that require CO2, manufacturers can create synergies that make CCUS more economically viable. Industrial hubs that facilitate CO2 trading and re-use across multiple sectors can help cement producers monetise their captured carbon, improving the financial feasibility of CCUS projects.

Strategic Considerations for Large-Scale CCUS Adoption Early-Stage Planning and Feasibility Assessments
Cement manufacturers looking to integrate CCUS should begin with comprehensive feasibility studies to assess site-specific constraints, potential CO2 storage locations, and infrastructure requirements. A phased implementation strategy, starting with pilot projects before full-scale deployment, can help mitigate risks and optimise
system performance.
Neelam Pandey Pathak, Founder and CEO, Social Bay Consulting and Rozgar Dhaba says, “Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS) has emerged as a transformative technology that holds the potential to revolutionise cement manufacturing by addressing its carbon footprint while supporting global sustainability goals. CCUS has the potential to be a game-changer for the cement industry, which accounts for about seven to eight per cent of global CO2 emissions. It addresses one of the sector’s most significant challenges—emissions from clinker production. By capturing CO2 at the source and either storing it or repurposing it into value-added products, CCUS not only reduces
the carbon footprint but also creates new economic opportunities.”

Government Incentives and Policy Support
For CCUS to achieve widespread adoption, governments must play a crucial role in providing financial incentives, tax credits, and regulatory frameworks that support carbon capture initiatives. Policies such as carbon pricing, emission reduction credits, and direct subsidies for CCUS infrastructure can make these projects more economically viable for cement manufacturers.
Neeti Mahajan, Consultant, E&Y India says, “With new regulatory requirements coming in, like SEBI’s Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting for the top 1000 listed companies, value chain disclosures for the top 250 listed companies, and global frameworks to reduce emissions from the cement industry – this can send stakeholders into a state of uncertainty and unnecessary panic leading to a semi-market disruption. To avoid this, communication on technologies like carbon capture utilisation and storage (CCUS), and other innovative tech technologies which will pave the way for the cement industry, is essential. Annual reports, sustainability reports, the BRSR disclosure, and other broad forms of communication in the public domain, apart from continuous stakeholder engagement internally to a company, can go a long way in redefining a rather traditional industry.”

The Role of Global Collaborations in Scaling CCUS
International collaborations will be essential in driving CCUS adoption at scale. Countries that have made significant progress in CCUS, such as Canada, Norway, and the U.S., offer valuable insights and technological expertise that can benefit emerging markets. Establishing partnerships between governments, industry players, and research institutions can help accelerate technological advancements and facilitate knowledge transfer.
Raj Bagri, CEO, Kapture, says “The cement industry can leverage CCUS to capture process and fuel emissions and by using byproducts to replace existing carbon intensive products like aggregate filler or Portland Cement.”
Organisations like the Carbon Capture Knowledge Centre in Saskatchewan provide training programs and workshops that can assist cement manufacturers in understanding CCUS implementation. Additionally, global symposiums and industry conferences provide platforms for stakeholders to exchange ideas and explore collaborative opportunities.
According to a Statista report from September 2024, Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is seen by many experts as a vital tool in combating climate change. CCS technologies are considered especially important for hard-to-abate industries that cannot be easily replaced by electrification, such as oil and gas, iron and steel, and cement and refining. However, CCS is still very much in its infancy, capturing just 0.1 per cent of global CO2 emissions per year. The industry now faces enormous challenges to reach the one billion metric tons needing to be captured and stored by 2030 and live up to the hype.
The capture capacity of operational CCS facilities worldwide increased from 28 MtCO2 per year in 2014 to around 50 MtCO2 in 2024. Meanwhile, the capacity of CCS facilities under development or in construction has risen to more than 300 MtCO2 per year. As of 2024, the United States had the largest number of CCS projects in the pipeline, by far, with 231 across various stages of development, 17 of which were operational. The recent expansion of CCS has been driven by developments in global policies and regulations – notably the U.S.’ Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) – that have made the technology more attractive to investors. This has seen global investment in CCS more than quadruple since 2020, to roughly $ 11 billion in 2023.

The Future of CCUS in the Cement Industry
As technology advances and costs continue to decline, CCUS is expected to play a crucial role in the cement industry’s decarbonisation efforts. Innovations such as cryogenic carbon capture and direct air capture (DAC) are emerging as promising alternatives to traditional amine-based systems. These advancements could further enhance the feasibility and efficiency of CCUS in cement manufacturing.
In conclusion, while challenges remain, the integration of CCUS in the cement industry is no longer a question of “if” but “when.” With the right mix of technological innovation, strategic planning, and policy support, CCUS can help the cement sector achieve net zero emissions while maintaining its role as a vital component of global infrastructure development.

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Concrete

Exploring the Indo-German Alliance

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ICR explores the Indo-German partnership is driving growth through collaboration in trade, technology, sustainability, and workforce development, with a strong focus on SMEs and innovation. By leveraging each other’s strengths, both nations are fostering industrial modernisation, skill development, and economic resilience for a sustainable future.

The optimism expressed by the panellists suggests that Indo-German collaboration is not only beneficial for both countries but also sets a powerful example for global partnerships.
In a rapidly evolving global economy, strategic international collaborations are more important than ever. One such partnership that continues to gain momentum is between India and Germany. This collaboration spans a wide array of sectors—from trade and technology to sustainability and workforce development—and is already delivering impressive results. The recent First Construction Council webinar, titled ‘Indo-German Partnership: Collaborating for Growth’, provided an extensive look at this vital alliance. Moderated by Rajesh Nath, Managing Director, VDMA India, the session explored the evolution, opportunities, and challenges that define the Indo-German partnership, which saw an impressive $33 billion in bilateral trade in 2023.

From Trade to Technology
The Indo-German relationship has undergone a remarkable transformation over the years, transitioning from basic trade to multifaceted cooperation. Rajesh Nath opened the session by underscoring the dynamic nature of Indo-German trade, with more than 1,800 German companies now operating in India. “Machinery accounts for nearly a third of our bilateral trade,” Nath shared, highlighting sectors such as renewable energy, digitalisation, and green hydrogen as key growth areas for the future.
V.G. Sakthikumar, Managing Director, Schwing Stetter India, reflected on his company’s own journey, which mirrors the broader evolution of the Indo-German partnership. When Schwing Stetter first set up operations in India in 1998, the country was considered a relatively small market. Today, India has become the largest manufacturing hub for Schwing Stetter, with exports flowing to markets in Europe, the U.S., and even China. “Germany trusted India to produce high-quality products at competitive prices, and now, we export machinery back to Germany and America,” said Sakthikumar, underscoring the mutual growth that has defined this partnership.

India’s Industrial Modernisation
Germany has played a pivotal role in India’s industrial modernisation, particularly in advancing manufacturing capabilities. Maanav Goel, Managing Director, Hoffmann Quality Tools India, discussed how the historical and contemporary aspects of Indo-German cooperation have shaped both nations’ industries. “Before 1947, our interactions were largely limited to cultural exchanges,” Goel said, explaining how industrial cooperation became central after India’s independence. “Today, German companies like Hoffmann have developed high-quality tools tailored to industries such as automotive and aerospace.”
Goel also pointed out that German companies have been instrumental in advancing India’s Industry 4.0 ambitions. “Sustainability is not just a cost; it’s an investment,” he added, referring to the energy-efficient and precision-engineered solutions Hoffmann provides to enhance India’s manufacturing sector.

Research, Innovation, and the Role of Technology
Innovation has always been the core of the Indo-German partnership. Anandi Iyer, Director, Fraunhofer Office India, highlighted how research and innovation are driving both countries toward a more sustainable future. As the world’s largest applied research ecosystem, Fraunhofer has introduced technologies ranging from digital twins for manufacturing to waste-to-construction materials, all aimed at improving efficiency and sustainability in Indian industries.
Reflecting on Fraunhofer’s work in India, Iyer noted that India is not just a market for technology, but a hub of entrepreneurship and rapid implementation. “We entered India in 2008, and today we earn over €70 million annually from Indian industry contracts,” she shared. Iyer also stressed the importance of democratising technology, especially for India’s small and medium enterprises (SMEs). “SMEs are crucial to the future of both India and Germany. By creating innovation clusters similar to Germany’s, we can ensure that technology benefits all businesses, big and small,” she said.

Cornerstone of Growth
SMEs are a critical focus in the Indo-German partnership. Manoj Barve, India Head, BVMW, emphasised their importance in both countries. “In Germany, SMEs contribute 55 per cent to GDP and employ 60 per cent of the workforce,” Barve said. “India’s SMEs, which contribute 30 per cent to the country’s GDP, are equally important for job creation and economic growth.”
Barve also discussed the complementary strengths of India and Germany. India’s prowess in IT, coupled with Germany’s engineering expertise, provides a fertile ground for collaboration. “Germany’s advanced technology can support India’s ‘Make in India’ initiative, while India’s cost-effective manufacturing can help Germany tackle its energy-led inflation,” he explained.
Gender diversity was another issue Barve touched upon, pointing out that Germany’s workforce is 62 per cent female, supported by policies such as parental leave and flexible working hours. “India, at 37 per cent, has room to grow in this area,” he added. “Addressing issues like workplace safety and societal norms can help unlock the full potential of Indian women in the workforce.”

Navigating Challenges and Expanding Reach
The webinar also addressed the challenges that SMEs face when attempting to expand internationally. Nitin Pangam, Managing Director, Maeflower Consulting, emphasised the need for deeper market insights and sustained engagement to succeed globally. “SMEs need to understand target markets better, whether it’s leveraging the Inflation Reduction Act in the U.S. or tapping into infrastructure projects in Saudi Arabia,” Pangam said.
He also stressed the importance of government support for SMEs. “Institutions like Invest India and VDMA India play a crucial role in guiding SMEs toward international expansion,” Pangam added, suggesting that India could benefit from models like Enterprise Ireland’s, which helps SMEs navigate global markets.

Shared Responsibility
An often overlooked but vital aspect of Indo-German collaboration is skill development. Schwing Stetter’s Sakthikumar discussed how the company has been proactive in training operators and welders, addressing the significant skills gap in India’s construction machinery sector. “We have partnered with state governments to create training programs that produce highly skilled workers, and some of our welding schools have produced global champions,” he shared.
Iyer also highlighted the potential for India to adopt Germany’s dual education system, which sees 5 per cent of the workforce engaged in training at any given time. “This system can be a model for India, where industry-driven skill programs can help bridge the skills gap and align workers with evolving technologies,” Iyer explained.

Looking to the Future
The future of the Indo-German partnership lies in embracing sustainability, digitalisation, and workforce empowerment. Rajesh Nath summarised the webinar’s discussions, emphasising that sustainability and supply chain resilience will play a defining role in the relationship moving forward. “Leveraging technology and deepening institutional collaboration are key to the future,” Nath concluded, signalling the importance of continued cooperation in these areas.
The optimism expressed by the panellists suggests that Indo-German collaboration is not only beneficial for both countries but also sets a powerful example for global partnerships. As Iyer aptly remarked, “The future is bright, but it requires strategic steps to make SMEs and innovation the engines of growth.”
The Indo-German partnership represents a model of what strategic international cooperation can achieve. By focusing on trade, technology, sustainability, and workforce development, both nations have been able to create a mutually beneficial relationship that drives growth and innovation. As India and Germany move forward, their cooperation will serve as a blueprint for growth in the years to come.

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