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Making self consolidating concrete using building demolished waste

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Preservation of the environment and conservation of the rapidly diminishing natural resources is the essence of sustainable development. Recycling of concrete from the Building Demolished Waste(BDW) to produce aggregates suitable for structural and non-structural applications is fast emerging as a commercially viable and technically feasible operation.Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is considered as a concrete which can be placed and compacted under its self-weight with little or no vibration effort, and which is at the same time, cohesive enough to be handled without segregation or bleeding. It is used to facilitate and ensure proper filling and good structural performance of restricted areas and heavily reinforced structural members.The use of Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) in construction works is a subject of high priority in building industry throughout the world and it is a good solution to the problem of an excess of waste material, provided that the desired final product quality is reached. This reduces the consumption of the natural resources as well as the consumption of the landfills required for waste concrete. The technology today has advanced so far that it is forcing us to think in terms of ‘sustainability’. Ductility of concrete is provided with fiber reinforced cementitious composites, because fibers bridge crack surfaces and delay the onset of the extension of localised crack.Research significanceAn attempt has been made in the present investigation to develop a standard grade Self Compacting Concrete without and with polypropylene and glass fibers and without and with recycled aggregate. The present work provides very useful information for the practical use of fibrous self compacting concretes in the field, employing recycled aggregate form Building Demolished Waste (BDW).Properties of SCC in fresh stateA concrete mix is called Self Compacting Concrete if it fulfills the requirement of filling ability, passing ability and resistance to segregation. The filling ability is the ability of the SCC to flow into all spaces within the formwork under its own weight.Passing ability is required to guarantee a homogenous distribution of the components of SCC in the vicinity of obstacles. The resistance to segregation is the resistance of the com-ponents of SCC to migration or separation and remains uniform throughout the process of transport and placing. To satisfy these conditions EFNARC has formulated certain test procedures.IngredientsOrdinary Portland cement of 53 grade (compressive strength not less than 53 Mpa) was used in the study. The cement was selected as per IS-12269. Fine aggregate was standard river sand procured locally and was confirming to zone-II as per IS-2386. Crushed granite was used as coarse aggregate. The aggregate was passed through standard sieves of 16mm and retained on 4.75mm sieve. Recycled aggregate from building demolished waste was crushed and classified before use. For qualifying the utility of recycled aggregate in concrete, the important parameters like bulk density, voids ratio, specific gravity, water absorption, crushing and impact value, angularity and IAPST were determined based on IS Codal provisions. There properties were determined for different replacement of Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) in Natural Aggregate (NA). The properties are shown in Table 1.Tests on FRSCRACThe slump flow equipment is currently used widely in concrete practice, and the method is very simple and straight forward. Thus the H-flow combined with T50 was selected as the first priority test method for estimating the filling ability of FRSCRAC. The V-funnel or Orimet tests are recommended as second priority alternatives to the T50 measurement. The passing ability of fresh SCC can be tested by U-box or J-ring. The basic properties of SCC without and with fiber and/or recycled aggregate are shown in Table 2. The fresh properties of SCC and FRSCC are suggestive of confirmation with the EFNARC Specifications.The source of fly ash used in the experiments was from a local coal fired thermal power station, where flyash is evolving out as a bye-product. The specific gravity was 2.05 with silicon dioxide content above 92 per cent. The fly ash was used as a partial replacement for cement. Conplast SP 337 superplasticizer and Viscosity Modifying Agent (VMA) were added in optimum dosages for improving the strength and workability properties of SCC. The Nansu mix design procedure is adopted to develop M40 Grade Concrete for different replacements of recycled aggregate in natural agg-regate and without or with fiber additions. The ingredients are shown in Table 3. The Glass Fiber (GF) is Cem-Fil Anti Crack and its specific gravity is 2.6 and the specific surface area is 105 m2 /kg. Poly Propylene Fiber (PF) with a diameter of 20-200 ?m, modulus of elasti-city 5-10 Gpa and tensile strength of over 500-750 mpa was used.Experimental programAn experimental program was designed to compare the strength properties of self- compacting concrete using recycled aggregate and without or with fiber addition. Cubes, cylinders and prisms of standard dimensions were cast and tested to determine the compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of Fiber Reinforced Self- Compacting Concrete (FRSCC) using Recycled Aggregate (RA) from Building Demolished Waste (BDW).Casting and Testing of specimensThe influence of recycled aggregate and fiber on the behavior in compression, split tension and flexure is being investigated. 150×150 mm cubes for compressive strength, 150 mm diameter and 300 mm height cylinders for split tensile strength and 100x100x400 mm prism specimens for studying the modulus of rupture were employed. The program consisted of casting and testing a total number of 54 cubes, 54 cylinders and 54 prisms cast in 9 batches. Of these 54 cubes, 18 cubes corresponding to each Natural Aggregate (NA), 50 per cent Natural & Recycled (NARA) and 100per cent Recycled Aggregate (RA). Of these 18 cubes, six cubes correspond to each no fiber (WF), with PF and with GF additions. Similarly additional 54 cylinders (18 with NA, 18 with NARA, and 18 with RA) were cast for examining the stress-strain behavior of M40 grade for different fibers. The mix was designed as per modified Nansu method of mix design. All the specimens were demoulded after 24 hrs and kept in water for curing for 28days.The specimens were capped using plaster of paris to ensure plane-testing surface. Tinius Olsen Testing Machine (TOTM) of capacity 2000 KN was used for testing the specimens under standard load rate control. While testing, precautions were taken to ensure axial loading. For flexural strength standard three point loading was adopted. The modulus of elasticity of concrete was determined using compressometer setup and tested under TOTM.Discussion of test resultsThe results obtained from the detailed experimental program conducted on SCC without and with fiber are discussed. Table 4 shows the details of various mechanical properties viz., compressive strength, split strength and flexural strength for self-compacting concretes. The optimum fiber content was utilized through out the experimentation and this was based on initial strength and flow studies.Compressive strength of FRSCRAC

The mechanical properties of NA, NARA, and RA concrete cast without and with fiber additions are shown in Table 4.Addition of fibers has definitely increased the com-pressive strength, though marginally. The percentage increase in strength with fiber addition is plotted in Fig 5. It can be noted that the percentage increase is marginal. It is 1.90 per cent, 2.01 per cent in case of NA, 1.03 per cent, 1.62 per cent in 50 per cent Natural-Recycled Aggregate(NARA) and 0.94 per cent, 1.22 per cent in Recycled Aggregate(RA) with Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete and Glass Fiber Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete respectively. It can hence be concluded at this stage that fiber additions do not increase the compressive strength much.
Influence of fibers on split tensile strength
The tensile strength of SCC is relatively much lower than its compressive strength because, it can be developed more quickly with crack propagation. Hence, it is important to improve the tensile strength of such a concrete. The variation of split tensile strength with fiber addi-tions is shown in Table 4. The increase is 14.19 per cent, 17.74 per cent in Natural Aggregate (NA), 9.97 per cent, 14.09 per cent in 50 per cent Natural-Recycled Aggregate (NARA) and 6.25 per cent, 11.72 per cent in Recycled Aggregate (RA) with GFRSCC and PFRSCC respectively (Fig 6). It can hence be inferred from the above that the fiber additions has a pronounced increase in the split tensile strength of self compacting concrete.Influence of fibers on flexural strength

Table 4 & Fig 7 show the details of the percentage increase in flexural strength for fiber additions. There is an increase in flexural strength of fibrous concretes as compared to no fiber concretes. The values are close to 0.7 as given by IS code for the relationship between flexural strength sqrt (fck) for normal concrete. The value of flexural strength to is more with polypropylene and glass fibrous concretes compared to no fiber concretes. From Fig 7, it is clear that there is an increase of 3.15 per cent, 13.32 per cent in Natural Aggregate(NA), 2.93 per cent, 9.57 per cent in 50 per cent Natural-Recycled (NARA) and 2.31 per cent, 8.96 per cent in Recycled Aggregate(RA) with GFRSCC and PFRSCC respectively. At this stage it may be concluded that the bending behaviour is greatly improved with glass fiber additions in self com-pacting concrete.Influence of fibers on modulus of elasticityThe brittle behavior of SCC is known. The fiber addition in such concretes modified the stress-strain behaviour of plain concrete. Using a compressometer setup and under compression the stress-strain values are evaluated and curves were drawn for the initial elastic portions. The Modulus of Elasticity (E) was calculated, following the specifications as laid by IS Code 516-1999. Table 4 shows the details of the values of modulus of elasticity for self-compacting concrete for Natural(NA), 50per cent Natural-Recycled (NARA) and Recycled Aggregate(RA) and without & with fiber respectively. It may be concluded that the addition of fiber in general increased the value of Modulus of Elasticity (E) of self-compacting recycled aggregate concrete. These values were close to 5000*vfck in case of no fiber concrete and higher in case of fibrous concretes.ConclusionsBased on experimental study on Fiber Reinforced Self Compacting Concrete (FRSCC) using recycled aggregate the following conclusions can be drawn.??From the properties of RCA it can be concluded that the coarse aggregate obtained from crushing BDW can be used for structural concrete works. This confirms the fact that RCA is in no way inferior to NA.??Self Compacting Concretes could be developed with recycled aggregate using high powder content, lesser quantity of coarse aggregate, high range super plasticizer and VMA to provide stability and fluidity to the concrete mixes.??There is a marginal increase in compressive strength, very good increase in the split tensile strength and a good increase in the flexural strength of FRSCRAC. The increase in split tensile and flexural strength is more in the case of glass fiber as compared to polypropylene fiber.??The relationship between compressive and split tensile strength and flexural and characteristic compressive strength for without and with fiber is suggested.??The fibrous specimens failed only by splitting of the fiber and there was no deboning of fibers noticed in any of the specimens.

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Concrete

Driving Sustainability Through Innovation

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The 15th Cement Expo 2025 will spotlight India’s cement industry’s growth, innovation, and sustainability, showcasing cutting-edge solutions for a greener future.

The cement industry in India, the second-largest in the world, is on the cusp of remarkable growth as it continues its transition toward sustainability, innovation, and expansion. The 15th Cement Expo 2025, scheduled for November 12-13, 2025, at the Yashobhoomi Convention Centre in Delhi, will be the premier event where the industry’s foremost stakeholders converge to explore state-of-the-art technologies and solutions.
Co-located with the 11th Indian Cement Review Conference and the 9th Indian Cement Review Awards, the expo promises to be a pivotal event for professionals in the cement, construction, and infrastructure sectors. This year’s theme, “Driving Sustainability Through Technology,” highlights the sector’s commitment to decarbonisation, efficiency, and technological advancement. With India poised to add 80 to 100 million tonnes of cement capacity by 2024-25, the event will address the urgent need for sustainable, low-carbon solutions to meet the growing demand.
Before we look ahead to the 15th Cement Expo, let’s reflect on the remarkable success of the Cement Expo Forum 2025, held on March 5-6, 2025, in Hyderabad. The event attracted over 500 industry professionals and featured groundbreaking discussions on sustainability, logistics, and decarbonisation. Key sponsors and partners, such as ABB, Gebr Pfeiffer, JK Cement, and Flender Drives, showcased their latest innovations, contributing to the forum’s success.
Pratap Padode, Founder and President of First Construction Council, spoke at the event, noting, “The PPP pipeline is complemented by a provision of Rs 1.5 trillion in interest-free loans to states, earmarked for capital expenditure. With this, we have a solid plan in place. What needs to be done is to ensure that the PPP actually takes off as envisaged. To make this happen, trust must be established, and policies must be investor-friendly. Telangana, in this regard, has demonstrated ease of doing business exceptionally well.”
He added, “These financial injections into the infrastructure sector are expected to create a ripple effect, driving demand for cement as a key material in construction and development projects. The growing demand for cement is evident as infrastructure projects continue to rise across the country.”
The forum also provided invaluable networking opportunities, with attendees gaining insights from over 35 distinguished speakers and connecting with more than 50 exhibitors. The event laid a strong foundation for the upcoming Expo, showcasing the significant strides the cement industry is making toward a greener, more efficient future.
The 15th Cement Expo 2025 will focus on advancing the industry’s next big step toward sustainable growth. With India’s cement sector making significant progress in decarbonisation, a key focus will be on technologies and innovations that support carbon capture, low-carbon cement production, and energy-efficient solutions.
The expo will feature over 50 exhibitors representing all aspects of the cement industry. Whether you are a manufacturer, raw material supplier, technology provider, or logistics partner, the Cement Expo 2025 offers an ideal platform to showcase your products and solutions. Attendees will have the opportunity to explore the latest advancements in cement production technology, automation, logistics, and environmental solutions, all geared toward building a greener and more sustainable future.
Exhibitor profiles will include cement manufacturers, raw material suppliers, technology and automation solutions providers, environmental and sustainability solutions providers, cement packaging and logistics, construction equipment manufacturers, admixtures and chemical suppliers, and concrete reinforcement and structural systems.

11th Indian Cement Review Conference

Held alongside the Expo, the 11th Indian Cement Review Conference will offer delegates invaluable insights into the latest trends and innovations shaping the cement industry. Focusing on sustainability, the conference will address critical issues such as energy efficiency, plant design, and emerging technologies like carbon capture and automation.
Industry leaders will share their expertise in technical forums, while specialised activities, such as plant tours and energy audits, will provide practical guidance on improving operations and efficiency. This is a prime opportunity to network with industry stakeholders, gain hands-on experience with new technologies, and acquire actionable knowledge to enhance your business.

9th Indian Cement Review Awards

The 9th Indian Cement Review Awards will recognise the fastest-growing cement companies and industry leaders for their outstanding contributions to the sector. This prestigious event will serve as a platform to honour the pioneers of innovation, sustainability, and performance within the cement industry, highlighting the sector’s commitment to growth and environmental responsibility.
As we look forward to the 15th Cement Expo 2025, we invite you to join us for two exciting days of networking, learning, and innovation. This event offers a unique opportunity to be part of the next wave of growth and sustainability in the global cement sector.

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Transforming Interior Spaces: Trendy Wall Putty Designs to Enhance Your Home

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When it comes to interior design, walls are more than just structural elements—they serve as the canvas for self-expression, setting the mood and personality of a space. While paint and wallpaper have long been the go-to choices for wall finishes, wall putty is emerging as a game-changer in home décor. With its smooth finish, durability, and versatility, wall putty opens a world of creative possibilities. In this article, we explore trendy wall putty designs that can elevate your interiors, turning ordinary walls into extraordinary design statements.
Wall Putty is a Must-Have in Modern Homes
Wall putty is no longer just a preparatory material for painting; it plays a significant role in modern home aesthetics. It enhances the finish of walls, making them smoother, stronger, and resistant to cracks and moisture. Additionally, high-quality putty like Birla White Wall Putty ensures better paint adhesion, resulting in long-lasting vibrancy.
Beyond its functional benefits, wall putty allows homeowners to experiment with textures and patterns, giving walls a designer touch without the hassle of high-maintenance materials like stone or wood. Whether you’re aiming for a minimalist, rustic, or ultra-modern aesthetic, wall putty designs can help achieve the look effortlessly.
Trendy Wall Putty Designs for Stunning Interiors
1. Textured Wall Putty for a Tactile Appeal
Textured walls are a popular interior trend, adding depth and dimension to living spaces. By using wall putty, homeowners can create a variety of textures, including:
  • Rustic Texture: Mimicking natural stone or aged plaster for an earthy, vintage feel.
  • Wave Patterns: Adding a sense of movement and fluidity to walls, perfect for living rooms and entryways.
  • Sand Finish: A subtle grainy effect that provides a sophisticated touch.
Textured putty walls work exceptionally well in accent areas, such as behind a television unit or as a backdrop for artwork.
2. Sleek and Smooth Walls for a Luxurious Look
For those who prefer a refined and elegant aesthetic, a smooth putty finish is ideal. A flawlessly smooth wall creates a premium appearance, amplifying the impact of high-quality paints. Opting for a high-performance putty like Birla White WallCare Putty ensures a glass-like finish that complements modern and contemporary interiors.
This design is perfect for:
  • Monochrome interiors where walls serve as a sleek backdrop.
  • High-gloss or matte-painted walls that need a seamless base.
  • Spaces with minimal décor where the walls themselves make a statement.
3. Geometric & Abstract Patterns for a Contemporary Edge
Wall putty can be artistically applied to create striking geometric or abstract patterns, adding a unique character to interiors.
Popular designs include:
  • Chevron or Herringbone: A dynamic, sophisticated look that pairs well with both modern and mid-century décor.
  • 3D Raised Panels: Using putty to craft subtle raised patterns, adding a sculptural effect to the wall.
  • Asymmetrical Shapes: For a bold and avant-garde touch.
  • These patterns work best in bedrooms, study areas, or accent walls in open spaces.
4. Venetian Plaster for a Luxe European Aesthetic
Venetian plaster, an age-old technique, is making a grand comeback in modern interiors. With wall putty, you can achieve this exquisite marble-like effect, which exudes luxury and timeless charm.
This design works well for:
  • Statement walls in living rooms and foyers.
  • Elegant dining areas where a touch of opulence is desired.
  • Boutique-style bedrooms with a rich, textured finish.
A high-quality white cement-based putty can replicate this effect beautifully, making the walls look naturally luminous.
5. Dual-Tone or Ombre Walls for a Soft Gradient Effect
The ombre effect, a gradient transition between two colors, is a trendy and artistic way to enhance interiors. When applied over a smooth wall putty base, the gradient blends seamlessly, offering a dreamy, watercolor-like appeal.
This style is perfect for:
  • Children’s rooms or play areas, creating a fun and dynamic atmosphere.
  • Bedrooms with a soothing pastel gradient for a calming effect.
  • Dining spaces where a bold color fade adds character.
6. Metallic & Glossy Finishes for a Chic Look
For homeowners who love glamour and sophistication, combining wall putty with metallic paints or glossy finishes can create a high-end appeal. The smooth base of putty enhances the reflective qualities of metallic shades like gold, silver, or bronze, resulting in an opulent and dramatic effect.
Best suited for:
  • Luxurious master bedrooms and dressing areas.
  • Accent walls in dining rooms or home bars.
  • Commercial spaces like boutiques and salons.
How to Achieve the Best Wall Putty Designs
  • Choose the Right Putty: Opt for a premium wall putty like Birla White WallCare Putty to ensure durability, a smooth finish, and long-lasting appeal.
  • Prepare the Surface: Ensure the walls are clean, dry, and free from loose particles before application.
  • Apply in Layers: Depending on the design, putty can be applied in single or multiple layers for the desired effect.
  • Use the Right Tools: Trowels, spatulas, sponges, or patterned rollers help create specific textures and patterns.
  • Seal with Paint or Polish: Once the putty is dry, finishing it with paint, polish, or protective coatings enhances its aesthetic and durability.
Conclusion
Wall putty has evolved beyond its traditional role, now serving as a medium for creative interior design. Whether you prefer textured finishes, sleek smooth walls, or artistic patterns, wall putty designs can elevate your home’s aesthetics while offering durability and elegance. By selecting the  best putty for wall and application technique, you can transform your interior walls into stunning masterpieces, setting the perfect backdrop for your lifestyle.
For high-quality wall finishes that stand the test of time, Birla White WallCare Putty ensures both beauty and performance, making your dream interiors a reality.

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Concrete

Dalmia Bharat to add 6 MnTPA Cement Capacity in Maharashtra and Karnataka

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  • Investment in alignment with the strategic goal of becoming a PAN India company and achieving 75 MnT capacity by FY28
  • Increases capacity primarily to meet growing demand in Western India along with existing regions

Dalmia Bharat Limited, one of India’s leading cement companies, through its subsidiaries, has announced a strategic investment of approximately Rs 3,520 Crore in the states of Maharashtra and Karnataka. As part of this initiative, the company will establish a 3.6 MnTPA clinker unit and a 3 MnTPA grinding unit at its existing Belgaum plant, Karnataka coupled with a new greenfield split grinding unit with a capacity of 3 MnTPA in Pune, Maharashtra. The capex will be funded through a combination of debt and internal accruals. With this expansion, Dalmia Bharat’s total installed cement capacity will increase to 55.5 MnTPA, after considering the ongoing expansion of 2.9 MnT at Assam and Bihar. These new units are expected to be commissioned by Q4 FY27.

The Belgaum Grinding Unit will cater to the underserved Southern Maharashtra markets while enhancing share in the existing region by improving penetration. On the other hand, Pune Grinding Unit will entirely cater to the untapped Western Maharashtra markets. The initiative is a part of the company’s vision to be a PAN India player and achieve 75 MnTPA capacity by FY28 and 110-130 MnT by 2031.

Speaking on the development, Mr. Puneet Dalmia, Managing Director & CEO, Dalmia Bharat Limited, said, “This investment is a significant step in our Phase II expansion strategy, bringing us closer to strengthen our position as a pan-India player and to reach intermittent goal of 75 MnT capacity by FY28. The increase in our production capacity is primarily to meet the growing infrastructure demand in Western India.” He further added, “We remain committed in realising our goals of capacity expansion, while staying focused on operational excellence and creating long-term value for our stakeholders. The capacity additions will also continue to be in line with Dalmia Bharat’s sustainability-driven approach and its commitment to supporting India’s infrastructure and development goals.”

About Dalmia Bharat: Founded in 1939, Dalmia Bharat Limited (DBL) (BSE/NSE Symbol: DALBHARAT) is one of India’s pioneering cement companies headquartered in New Delhi. With a growing capacity, currently pegged at 46.6 MnT, Dalmia Bharat Limited (including its subsidiaries) is the fourth-largest cement manufacturing company in India by installed capacity. Spread across 10 states and 15 manufacturing units.  Dalmia Cement (Bharat) Limited, a subsidiary of Dalmia Bharat Limited, prides itself at having one of the lowest carbon footprint in the cement world globally. It is the first cement company to commit to RE100, EP100 and EV100 (first triple joiner) – showing real business leadership in the clean energy transition by taking a joined-up approach.

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